# data[].attributes.body
I wish to leave a little earlier today.

We all wish you a safe journey.

She wished him to be quiet during the meeting.

I wish that I were with you right now.

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) – "I wish to speak to Miranda personally."

The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) – "I wish you all the success you deserve."

Pride and Prejudice (2005) – "He wished her to stay, but she walked away in silence."

La La Land (2016) – "I wish I were still playing with you on that stage."

The Great Gatsby (2013) – "I wish you had read my letter before everything went wrong."

# data[].attributes.body
The Lion King (1994) - “If the sun rises, the animals start their day.”

Back to the Future (1985) - “If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.”

# data[].attributes.body
Friends (S4E12, 1998) - "They love each other."
→ Each other is loved by them.

Pride and Prejudice (1813) - "We wrote letters to each other."
→ Each other was written letters by us.

# data[].attributes.body
The Hunger Games (2008) - "I taught myself how to hunt."
→ Myself was taught how to hunt (by me).

Iron Man (2008) - "I built myself this suit."
→ Myself was built this suit by me.

# data[].attributes.body
Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) – "It had been the third time I called him that night."

Twilight (2005) – "That had been the fifth time she ignored me."

Adele – “Hello” (2015) – "I had called a thousand times."
(→ 과장적 표현이지만, 반복 + 완료 강조)

# data[].attributes.body
Generally speaking, people are more productive in the morning.
Strictly speaking, Pluto is no longer classified as a planet.
Frankly speaking, I don’t think he’s right for the job.
Roughly speaking, the repairs will cost around $2,000.
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.
Other things being equal, the candidate with more experience will get the job.
All things being considered, it was a successful event.
Granting that he’s talented, he still needs to work harder.
Seeing that it’s already midnight, we should probably head home.

# data[].attributes.body
Generally speaking, Strictly speaking, Frankly speaking, Roughly speaking, Judging from, Other things being equal (다른 모든 조건이 같다면), All things being

# data[].attributes.body
Surround yourself with people who are positive influences and people who make you smile, enhancing your quality of life.

The Matrix (1999) – "Turning left at the corner, you’ll see the entrance."

# data[].attributes.headline
명령문의 주어=you임을 상정하고 분사구문 사용

# data[].attributes.subject
명령문의 주어=you임을 상정하고 분사구문 사용

# data[].attributes.body
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there was a wonderful range of mountains.

Being French, it's surprising that she's such a terrible cook.

Having so little time, there was not much that I could do.

Inception (2010) – "Arriving late, there was no one left in the lobby."

# data[].attributes.body
Not knowing how to swim, he almost drowned.

Never having seen her before, I didn't recognize her.

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) – "Not knowing what to say, he remained silent."

Not understanding the rules, I found the cricket match boring.

# data[].attributes.body
Being fine, we went out for walk. (X)

-> 'The weather' 주어가 살아있어야 함

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

All preparations having been completed, the guests began to arrive.

His ears bursting from the water pressure, he rose to the surface.

-> 그의 귀=그의 부속품. 이렇게 관련성 있는 경우 주어 살리는게 매우 자연스러움

All three goals were excellent, the first one being the best, I think

Moneyball (2011) – "The scouts were skeptical, Billy being the only one who believed in the numbers."

Turning round quickly, the door hit me in the face.

# data[].attributes.headline
주어가 다른 경우 함부로 생략 X

# data[].attributes.subject
주어가 다른 경우 함부로 생략 X

# data[].attributes.body
Though the mummy was studied thoroughly, the mummy did not give any clues about its origin.

-> Though studied thoroughly, the mummy did not give any clues about its origin.

(의미 변질될 수도 있기에 접속사 살림)

The Hunger Games (2012) – "Although injured, she kept running."

# data[].attributes.body
Paying the overcharged bill, I felt I like punching somebody. (As)

Hearing the news, she turned pale with fear. (when)

Not knowing what to do, I asked for his advice. (Because/As)

Turning to the left, you will find the house. (If)

Admitting he is right, I cannot forgive him. (Although)

(Having been) destroyed by fire, this building was rebuilt. (As)

Interstellar (2014) – "Checking the readings, Cooper noticed something strange." (As)

Opening her eyes, the baby began to cry. (When)

Faced with a bill for $10,000, Ivan has taken an extra job. (Because)

Looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter. (If)

Having finished the book, I had a holiday. (Because)

The fruit was expensive, being imported. (Because)

Having been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area. (Although)

Arriving at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone. (When)

# data[].attributes.headline
역접을 나타내는 접속사는 생략시 의미 변질될 수도 O

# data[].attributes.subject
역접을 나타내는 접속사는 생략시 의미 변질될 수도 O

# data[].attributes.body
Would you open the window, please?

If you would come this way . ..

Would you mind standing up for a moment?

Would you like tea, or would you prefer coffee?

Would you help me with my homework?

Would you mind helping me?

Would it be all right if I left early?

You don't think you'd be able to help me

with this, do you?

You would come this way, I’ll take you to

the director's office.

Downton Abbey (TV) – I would like some tea, if that’s alright.

Sherlock Holmes (2009) – Would you mind waiting here a moment?

Pride and Prejudice (1813) – I would appreciate your discretion.

# data[].attributes.body
polite requests & offers as a softer form of will

사람과 사람 사이의 관계 - 공손함을 드러내기 위해

# data[].attributes.body
I thought you would like it.

:난 네가 그것을 좋아할 거라고 생각했어.

I thought you liked it.

:난 네가 그것을 좋아한다고 생각했어

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) – He knew he would face Voldemort.

The Great Gatsby (1925) – I believed it would all work out in the end.

Anne of Green Gables (1908) – She hoped life would be full of surprises.

# data[].attributes.headline
refer to future time from the point of view of the past

# data[].attributes.subject
refer to future time from the point of view of the past

# data[].attributes.body
In New York, he met the woman who would later become his wife.

There was a chance that my letter would arrive on time.

They knew there would be trouble unless the report was finished by the next day.

He said he would see his brother tomorrow.

He thought (that) the drive would take about two hours.

# data[].attributes.headline
past narrative to refer to later future events

# data[].attributes.subject
past narrative to refer to later future events

# data[].attributes.body
She cried as if the world had come to an end.

=She cried as though the world had come to an end.

She talks as if her dog were a child.

=She talks as though her dog were a child.

The Crown (S2E5, 2017) – "She spoke as if she knew all my secrets."
="She spoke as though she knew all my secrets."

# data[].attributes.body
She was upset because l wouldn't speak to her. She wouldn’t change it, even though she knew it was wrong.

The door wouldn't open. My car wouldn't start.

I asked him very politely, but he wouldn't tell me.

The car wouldn't start again this morning.

# data[].attributes.body
Tony would lend you his car. (... if you asked him ...)

Only a real fan would pay that much for a

ticket (Only if someone was a fan would they pay ...)

She would sing for her fans, but she rarely danced.

She would hoover, dust and iron, but she didn't

like doing windows.

She would come & see me after she finished

her work last Friday.

: general kind 가 아니라서 X (어느 특정 시점에선 잘 안 씀)

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) – I would die for you.

Titanic (1997) – He said he would do anything to save her.

The Hunger Games (2012) – I would volunteer as tribute.

# data[].attributes.body
to describe what people are willing to do (including an unspoken condition)

# data[].attributes.body
She cried as if the world had come to an end.

She talks as if her dog were a child.

The Great Gatsby (2013) – "He talked as if he owned the place."

-> 실제로 일어날 일 없기 때문에 가정법 사용

You look as if you haven't slept all night.

She folded her arms as if she was cold.

That house looks as if it is going to fall down.

Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) – "You look as if you know what you’re doing."

-> 실제로 일어날 수도 있기 때문에 가정법 사용X

# data[].attributes.body
He said he would always love her.

They promised that they would help.

There was nobody left who would (=was willing to) do it.

Rachel, I said I would do this and I will.

He would get in my light.

The membership is composed of those who would prevent unfair elections.

All would live long, but none would be old.

The barrel would hold ten gallons.

The Great Gatsby (1925) – He would throw parties hoping she'd come.

Interstellar (2014) – He knew they would return to Earth someday.

The Giver (1993) – She would wait by the river every evening.

# data[].attributes.body
refer to an intention from the point of view of the past

# data[].attributes.body
For the first time in weeks I went out

without my umbrella and, wouldn't you just know it?, it poured with rain

I tried to bake a cake, and wouldn't you know it, I ran out of sugar.

I was finally about to get some rest, and wouldn't you know it, the phone started ringing continuously

Fleabag (TV) – And he would show up late again. Wouldn’t you just know it?

# data[].attributes.headline
14-3. somewhat vexed and disappointed at the inevitability of what comes next

# data[].attributes.subject
14-3. somewhat vexed and disappointed at the inevitability of what comes next

# data[].attributes.body
You would say that. (It's typical of you, and it's annoying).

Wouldn't you (just) know it! (I knew that would happen - and it's annoying)

Friends (TV) – Of course he would say that.

The Office (US) – She would forget her ID every day.

# data[].attributes.body
to express annoyance or irritation at things that are happening now. There is usually a sense that this is typical, or not very surprising.

# data[].attributes.body
to talk about things in the past that happened often or always

# data[].attributes.body
He would always turn and wave at the end of the street, whenever he went back home.

When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.

When my friend lived here, we would eat lunch together every day.

The Notebook (2004) – Every morning, he would write her a letter.

# data[].attributes.body
Joe won't tell me about his plan, but I wish he would tell me something.

I wish she wouldn't take things so seriously.

I can't go with you tomorrow, but I wish I could go.

(주어가 같을 경우 would -> could)

I wish everyone would leave me alone.

I wish you'd stop interrupting me.

I wish you wouldn't do that.

The phone has been ringing for five minutes. I wish somebody would answer it.

I wish you would do something instead of just sitting and doing nothing.

I wish Sarah would come.

I wish Sarah would be here now.

-> I wish Sarah were here now.

I wish somebody would buy me a car.

I wish I would have a car.

-> I wish I had a car. (단순 situation)

The Office (US, S3E15, 2007) – "I wish you wouldn’t talk to me like that."

# data[].attributes.body
If I were to offer you more money, would you stay in the job?

Dune (2021) – Were they to betray us, we’d be wiped out.

The Crown (TV) – Were she to abdicate, the entire monarchy would be shaken.

The Lord of the Rings (2003) – Were Frodo to fail, all hope would be lost.

# data[].attributes.body
If the government were to lower taxes, they would certainly win votes

The Hunger Games (2012) – Were I to win, I’d still be afraid.

Sherlock Holmes (2009) – Were he to escape, the whole city would be in danger.

Interstellar (2014) – Were we to stay here, we’d face extinction.

# data[].attributes.body
make an event seem less likely

# data[].attributes.body
in writing which speculates about the future

# data[].attributes.body
If you should see him tomorrow, could you give him my message?

If you should pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs.

Should you encounter any difficulties during the process, don't hesitate to ask for assistance.

Should you wish to change your booking, kindly notify us at least 48 hours in advance.

If you happen to be in the neighborhood, do drop in and see us.

If you should happen by any chance to find the money, can you send it back?

If you should happen to finish early, give me a call.

The Lord of the Rings (2003) – If you should fall, I’ll carry the ring.

Jane Eyre (1847) – If he should ask again, what would I say?

Interstellar (2014) – If anything should happen to me, stay with Murph.

# data[].attributes.body
I wish I had brought an umbrella with me.

(=If I had brought an umbrella with me, it would have been better.)

I wish we had left earlier.

(=If we had left earlier it would have been better.)

Stranger Things (S1E3, 2016) – "I wish I had studied harder for the test."

# data[].attributes.body
:emphasizes that an event is not very likely, or to make a request seem more indirect or polite.

# data[].attributes.body
We are hopping for good weather.

I hope (that) you're okay.

I hope you enjoy your trip. (future)

I hope I can/will be able to get a better job. (future)

Brooklyn (2015) – "I hope he gets the job."

# data[].attributes.body
She married him even though she said she didn't love him very much.

He’s the best teacher, even though he has least experience.

Even though we want the same things right now, in the future we may not.

Laurie proposes to Jo, and she says no, even though she’s still in love with him.

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999) – Even though he was innocent, he was imprisoned.

La La Land (2016) – Even though they loved each other, they went separate ways.

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) – I chose you even though I knew the ending.

# data[].attributes.body
I wish that I didn't have to study math this evening.

I wish that I could meet everyone of you in person, shake your hand, and tell you what I see for the future of our state's government, but, unfortunately, that is not possible.

I wish that they did not exist.

La La Land (2016) – "I wish I were brave enough to follow my dreams."

# data[].attributes.body
Even if you begged him to take the money, he wouldn't accept.

Even if it is true, I won't believe it

She won't wake up even if she survives

Even if he was born in America, he decided to go to the army

I believe this cat is my mother. Even if I’m wrong, who cares?

If you wash your hands with this handwash, your hands will be

soft, even if you don't put on hand cream.

Everyone has a right to a university degree in America, even if it's in Hamburger Technology.

The Notebook (2004) – Even if you forget me, I’ll never forget you.

Avengers: Endgame (2019) – Even if we fail, we have to try.

Pride and Prejudice (1813) – I must decline, even if it offends you.

# data[].attributes.body
I wish it wasn't raining.

I wish they were arriving earlier.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003) – "I wish I could fly away from here."

I wish I could get a better job. (now)

-> 종속절에 could 많이 쓰임 (후회)

# data[].attributes.body
: 이미 fact 에 기반을 둠 (그것이 사실이지만)

# data[].attributes.body
used in conditional sentences to emphasize if

: ~한다 할지라도

# data[].attributes.body
→ 더 좁은 조건을 표현할 때 쓰임

# data[].attributes.body
You can only go to the party, if you are home before 12.00.

You can go to the party, provided you are home before 12.00.

You can go to the party, as long as you are home before 12.00.

You can go to the party, on condition that you are home before 12.00.

The Great Gatsby (1925) – I will come providing that Daisy agrees.

The Maze Runner (2014) – You can leave the maze providing that you survive the night.

The Godfather (1972) – He’ll do it on condition that his family stays protected.

The Crown (TV) – The Queen agreed to the meeting on condition that no press would attend.

Twilight (2005) – I’ll protect you as long as I’m breathing.

# data[].attributes.body
provided / providing (that)

as long as, on condition (that)

# data[].attributes.body
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.

She will get well only if she quits smoking.

But that is only possible if the market is

transparent.

Children under seven can watch the movie only if accompanied by an adult.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) – Only if you swear loyalty, will I teach you the spell.

The Hunger Games (2012) – Katniss said she’d help only if Rue stayed hidden.

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) – We attack only if the enemy makes the first move.

Pride and Prejudice (1813) – I shall accept the offer only if my father consents.

# data[].attributes.body
I suppose she would be about forty when she obtained a decorate.

He would be about twenty, when he met her.

Sherlock (2012) – "I thought he would be here by now."

The Social Network (2010) – "I thought he would call me back."

The Crown (2016) – "They believed it would be over in a few weeks."

# data[].attributes.body
You would look good in tuxedo.

What would you do if you won the lottery?

Things would be different if I had that job.

That dress would look even better in black.

I'd love to live by the sea.

I just wish my dad had been there to see it. He would have loved it.

Inception (2010) – "You would love it there."

he Intern (2015) – "You would love working here."

Notting Hill (1999) – "That would be a dream come true."

# data[].attributes.body
The Intern (2015)
직접: "This is a great opportunity."
간접: She said that was a great opportunity.

The Martian (2015)
직접: "I feel safe here on the base."
간접: He said he felt safe there on the base.

Oppenheimer (2023)
직접: "I understand the risks now."
간접: He said he understood the risks then.

La La Land (2016)
직접: "I have an audition today."
간접: She said she had an audition that day.

Forrest Gump (1994)
직접: "I met Jenny yesterday."
간접: He said he had met Jenny the day before.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (2001)
직접: "We will leave tomorrow."
간접: Hagrid said they would leave the next day.

# data[].attributes.body
무조건 하면 안 된다. 발화자의 상황과 대화 맥락에 맞게 바꿔야 한다.

this → that

here → there

Now → then

Today → that day

yesterday → the day before, the previous day

tomorrow → the next day, the following day

# data[].attributes.body
'Could you help me? she asked. → [ She asked me if I could help her. ] → could, would 그대로

Notting Hill (1999) – "She asked if I could meet her later."

The Intern (2015) – "She asked if I could join the meeting a bit later."
Little Women (2019) – "He wondered if she would consider staying longer."

# data[].attributes.body
'If you'd brought a map, we wouldn't have got lost.‘ → [ She said that if I had brought a map, we wouldn't have got lost. ] (→ 3rd 그대로)

The Dark Knight (2008) – "He said that if he were in my place, he would do the same."

The Great Gatsby (2013) – "She said that if she had known, she would have come earlier."

Inception (2010) – "He said that if he were dreaming, he would try to wake up."
Before Sunset (2004) – "She said that if she were single, she would travel the world."

Titanic (1997) – "He said that if he had seen the iceberg earlier, he would have turned the ship."
The Social Network (2010) – "She said that if she had known about the meeting, she would have come."

# data[].attributes.body
He said that the Korean War broke out back in 1950.

Oppenheimer (2023) – "He said that the bomb was dropped in 1945."

Hidden Figures (2016) – "He explained that NASA launched Friendship 7 in 1962."
The King's Speech (2010) – "She said that King George VI gave a powerful speech in 1939."

# data[].attributes.body
Galileo said that the Earth moves around the sun.

Interstellar (2014) – "He said that gravity pulls everything toward the center of mass."

The Theory of Everything (2014) – "He said that black holes emit radiation."
Lucy (2014) – "She explained that humans use only a small percentage of their brain."

# data[].attributes.body
He said that he walks to school every morning.

Lady Bird (2017) – "She said that she goes to church every Sunday."

To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before (2018) – "She said that she writes letters when she falls in love."
Chef (2014) – "He said that he cooks dinner for his son every weekend."

# data[].attributes.body
'We're thinking it over’ → [ She said that they were thinking ~ ]

'I had an accident.' → [ He told me that he had had an accident. ]

'We’ll let you know ' → [ They said that they would let me know. ]

‘It is raining.’ → [ He said that it was raining. ]

‘It has been raining.’ → [ He said that it had been raining. ]

‘It was raining.’ → [ He said that it had been raining. ]

‘It will rain.’ → [ He said that it would rain. ]

‘I’ll be back on Friday’ → [ He said that he would be back on Friday. ]

'I may be late.‘ → [ She said that she might be late. ]

'What shall we do?’ → [ They wanted to know what they should do. ]

'If you're late, they won't let you in.’ → [ He said that if I was(were) late, they wouldn’t let me in. ] (→ 가정법 아니고 1st라서 시제 앞당김 O)

‘I’ve had an idea’ → [ She said that she had had an idea. ]

‘It has been raining.’ → [ he said that it had been raining. ]

‘It was raining.’ → [ he said that it had been raining. ]

She said to me, “The accident took place here yesterday” → [ She told me that the accident had taken

place there the previous day. ]

'Do you like Japanese food?’ → [ She asked me if / whether I liked Japanese food. ]

'Where have you been? → [ She asked me where I had been. ]

'Where is the restaurant serving the cheapest Thai food? → [ He asked me where was the restaurant

serving the cheapest Thai food. ]

“Let’s work hard” → [ He suggested to me that we should

work hard. ]

“How foolish I am” → [ He exclaimed how foolish he was. ]

“This machine is old-fashioned, but I like it.” → [ He said that machine was old-fashioned but that he liked it. ]

# data[].attributes.body
시제 앞당김, 대명사 바꾸기

발화에 과거형, 현재완료 → 과거완료로 바꾸기

# data[].attributes.body
간접 화법

# data[].attributes.headline
none of/ neither of/ any of/ either of/ some of/ many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of + which, whom

# data[].attributes.subject
none of/ neither of/ any of/ either of/ some of/ many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of + which, whom

# data[].attributes.body
Martin tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him.

Two men, neither of whom I had seen before, came into the office.

They’ve got three cars, two of which they rarely use.

Sue has a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with.

It is believed there are over 1 million Christians, the majority of whom are Catholic migrant workers.

She was the carer of four children, the youngest of whom was eight.

The building was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which was never established.

We stayed at a beautiful hotel, the name of which I can’t remember now.

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) - “They found two ancient swords, both of which were forged by elves.”

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - “He won two tasks, both of which tested his courage and wit.”

# data[].attributes.body
This is one of the best works (that) there are in English literature.

Korea's 'Jikji' is widely accepted as a book using the oldest metal types (that) there are.

Inception (2010) - “The dream (which) there is a danger of losing control.”

# data[].attributes.body
It was Mary (who) pushed Jane into the pool. (Jane을 수영장으로 민 사람은 바로 Mary이다.)

Pirates of the Caribbean (2003) - “It is Jack Sparrow (who) steals the show.”

# data[].attributes.body
There is someone (who) wants you on the phone

There was a lady (who) called this morning.

The Lion King (1994) - “Here is the king (who) rules the Pride Lands.”

# data[].attributes.body
He is not the man (that) he used to be.

(선행사인 the man이 be의 목적어임)

Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)
"I’m not the hero (that) they think I am."

# data[].attributes.body
The boy (who) I thought was very healthy suddenly fell ill.

Mechanical processes have replicated behaviors and talents (which) we thought were unique to humans.

The Avengers (2012) - “Tony Stark, (who, despite everything) is still fighting, never gives up.”

# data[].attributes.headline
1. 관계 대명사절에 삽입절이 나올 때

# data[].attributes.subject
1. 관계 대명사절에 삽입절이 나올 때

# data[].attributes.headline
주격 관계 대명사를 생략할 수 있는 경우

# data[].attributes.subject
주격 관계 대명사를 생략할 수 있는 경우

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원래 주격 관계 대명사는 생략할 수 없지만, 생략할 수 있는 특이한 경우가 있다.

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He is the only man that I know who can be in charge ofthe work.

Is there anything you want that you don't have? (→ 관계대명사 생략 가능)

I dropped the saucepan, which knocked over the eggs, which went all over the floor.

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) - “Frodo, who carried the ring, that was forged in fire, completes his quest.”

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관계 대명사절은 이중 수식이 가능하다

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관계 대명사절은 이중 수식이 가능하다

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Ice hockey is unusual among major sports in that teams frequently play with different numbers of players.

(아이스하키는 주요 스포츠들 중에서 드물게 팀들이 자주 서로 다른 수의 선수로 경기를 한다는 점에서 특이하다.)

The Matrix (1999) - “He has a unique skill in that he can manipulate the code.”

Forrest Gump (1994) - “She’s special in that she understands me like no one else.”

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전치사 + that (X)

→ in that은 가능 '~라는 점에서'

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He is the man who I expect will be a winner. (주격)

→ He is the man.

+ I expect (that) the man will be a winner.

This is the book which I think is written in French. (주격)

→ This is the book.

+ I think (that) the book is written in French.

I will read the memo which Mary hopes will be sent to you. (주격)

It is the parents whom I believe to be responsible. (목적격)

→ It is the parents.

+ I believe them to be responsible.

It is John whom I expect to succeed. (목적격)

→ It is John.

+ I expect him to succeed.

I saw the man who you said was away. (주격)

He is a young man whom we are sure will entertain us. (주격)

The magician called up a boy whom I thought he had planted in the audience. (목적격)

This is the actress who his father claims has seduced his son. (주격)

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) - “Sirius Black, who everyone believed was a dangerous criminal, turns out to be innocent.”