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The U.S. Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935 to prevent the country from being drawn into foreign conflicts. The act banned the export of arms and munitions to nations at war and prohibited American citizens from traveling on belligerent ships. This event is an early example of America's commitment to isolationism, as it sought to keep the country out of the escalating tensions in Europe and Asia during the 1930s. It reflects the U.S. policy of non-intervention before the eventual shift to a more active role in world affairs.

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The Spanish Civil War highlighted the growing tensions in Europe and the increasing influence of fascist powers. While the U.S. maintained its neutrality in the conflict, many Americans sympathized with the Republican cause. The war also led to greater support for the Neutrality Acts, as the U.S. government was wary of getting entangled in foreign conflicts, especially as fascism was on the rise in Europe.

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This act extended the provisions of the 1935 Neutrality Act and introduced a "cash-and-carry" policy. It allowed belligerent nations to purchase non-military goods from the U.S. only if they paid cash and transported the goods themselves. This policy aimed to prevent American involvement in foreign wars but also provided some economic support to warring nations.

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Although the U.S. remained neutral, this event signaled the growing global conflict and intensified debates about American involvement, particularly among political leaders who recognized the threat posed by Nazi Germany.

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The U.S. Implements a “Cash-and-Carry” Policy for Arms (1939)

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The U.S. Implements a “Cash-and-Carry” Policy for Arms (1939)

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The U.S. amended its neutrality laws to allow belligerent nations to purchase arms on a "cash-and-carry" basis, meaning they would pay cash and arrange for the transportation of weapons themselves. This policy marked a shift from strict neutrality towards greater support for Allied nations, especially Great Britain and France, as the U.S. began to move away from isolationism and towards interventionism.

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While the U.S. remained neutral, the battle galvanized American public opinion and increased sympathy for Britain, pushing the U.S. government to further support the Allies through economic and military aid, such as the Lend-Lease Act.

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter, outlining the post-war vision for the world. The Charter emphasized shared goals such as self-determination for nations, economic cooperation, and collective security. Though the U.S. was still not formally involved in the war, this agreement showed clear political alignment between the U.S. and Britain, signaling an increasing commitment to supporting the Allies.

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Japan launched a surprise military strike on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, resulting in significant losses and prompting the U.S. to declare war on Japan the following day. This event directly led to the U.S. entering World War II. The attack on Pearl Harbor marked the final shift from neutrality to full interventionism, as the U.S. entered the war both in the Pacific and in Europe, signaling a complete break from its isolationist stance.