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📍 Location: Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Constantinople, Byzantine Empire)

🏛 Description:

Built as a Christian cathedral under Emperor Justinian I.

Famous for its massive dome (32m diameter), considered an engineering marvel.

Converted into a mosque in 1453 after the Ottoman conquest.

Now a museum (officially a mosque again since 2020).

Symbolizes the blend of Byzantine and Islamic architecture.

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📍 Located in Normandy, north-west France.

⏳ 708: first chapel built on the island.

⏳ 966: Benedictine monks started the abbey in Romanesque style.

⏳ 11th–12th century: abbey expanded.

⏳ 13th century: Gothic part La Merveille added.

⏳ 1337–1453: fortress in the Hundred Years’ War, never captured.

⏳ 1979: UNESCO World Heritage site.

✨ Features:

Built on a rocky island with dramatic tides.

Mix of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

🌍 Historical meaning:

Important place of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages.

Symbol of French defense.

Today: famous cultural and tourist site.

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Year built: 1173

🗺️📍Location: Pisa, Italy

🏛️Description

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a tall, white stone tower in Italy. It is about 56 meters high and has eight floors with many arches. The tower is round and very beautiful. Its most special feature is that it leans to one side, but it still stands.

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Year Built: 1238–1391

Location: Granada, Spain

Description:
The Alhambra is a Nasrid palace-fortress known for the Court of the Lions, muqarnas domes, colorful tiles, and a smart water system that created paradise-like gardens. It was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain before becoming a royal palace of the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.

Outstanding Features & Historical Meaning:

Architecture & Design: Masterful use of muqarnas, stucco carvings, and geometric tilework.

Water Engineering: Advanced irrigation system bringing water from the Darro River, creating fountains and cooling channels.

Historical Significance: The political and cultural center of the last Muslim kingdom in Spain; after 1492, it became a royal palace for the Catholic Monarchs, symbolizing the cultural crossroads of Islamic and Christian Spain.

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King’s College Chapel (Cambridge, England)

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King’s College Chapel (Cambridge, England)

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Year built: It was built from 1446 to 1515. The first king was Henry VI, and later Henry VIII finished it.

Location: It is in King’s College, University of Cambridge, England.

Architecture:

The style is called Perpendicular Gothic, a late Gothic style in England.

It has the biggest fan roof (fan vault ceiling) in the world, about 80 meters long.

The windows are very large and have colored glass with Bible stories. They are still original from the 16th century.

Historical Significance:

It was built by English kings during a time of war and change.

It shows the power and faith of the royal family.

Today, it is a symbol of Cambridge and one of the most beautiful college chapels in Europe.

Fact (short):

“It has the biggest fan roof in the world.”

“It is a symbol of Cambridge University.”