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Include food, drinking water, and animal feces.

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Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis)

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Information about Salmonella bacteria and the infection they cause.

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Groups that are more susceptible to illness

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Groups that are more susceptible to illness

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-Pregnant women

-Children under 5 years of age

-Adults over 65 years of age

-People with medical conditions that weaken the immune system

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Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella bacteria naturally live in the intestines and feces (poop) of many animals, including reptiles, poultry, and other livestock, such as pigs and cows. People can get Salmonella bacteria from animals in different ways, including eating food that has been contaminated with animal poop.

Salmonellosis is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections reported in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that every year in the United States:

1.35 million people get sick from salmonellosis

26,500 people are hospitalized because of salmonellosis

420 people die from salmonellosis

Most people who get salmonellosis will have diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Symptoms can appear within 6 hours to 6 days after getting infected with Salmonella. Most people recover within 4 to 7 days without treatment. But for some people, salmonellosis can be very serious and even deadly. In rare cases, Salmonella infection can cause long-lasting symptoms such as joint pain, eye irritation, and painful urination.

You can get infected with Salmonella bacteria in different ways, but the two most common ways include:

Eating or drinking contaminated food or drinks -People usually get salmonellosis by eating or drinking raw or undercooked food or drinks that are contaminated with animal poop. These often include animal food products like beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but any food (including seafood, fruits, vegetables, and processed foods) may become contaminated. These foods usually look and smell normal but can be contaminated with small particles of animal poop containing Salmonella bacteria that can make a person sick. Food may also become contaminated by the hands of an infected person who did not properly wash their hands after using the toilet.

Touching animals, animal poop, or animal areas and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth - People can also get salmonellosis from direct or indirect contact with animals, including household pets and pet food and treats:

Farm animals (including cows, goats, pigs, and sheep)

Reptiles and amphibians, such as turtles, lizards, snakes, and frogs

Poultry (chicks, chickens, duckling, ducks) and other birds

Pet food and treats such as dry kibble, frozen mice, and pig ears

Animals may appear healthy but can still have Salmonella in their poop. People can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with pets, animal poop, pet food and treats, or areas where pets live (including cages, tanks, animal pens, or animal bedding).

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The California Department of Public Health is dedicated to optimizing the health and well-being of Californians

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Infectious Agent Characteristics and Description

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Infectious Agent Characteristics and Description

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Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection that is caused by the eating or drinking of contaminated things. It causes diarrhea, fever, and vomiting.

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Salmonella spp. infection - a continuous threat worldwide

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Acute diarrheal disease remains a major public health issue. Salmonella spp. infection is one of the leading causes of acute diarrheal disease despite the preventive measures implemented. The clinical picture of salmonellosis varies from a common…

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feces (stool)

vomit (emesis)

blood

sometimes urine (certain strains)

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Enteric Fever: Diagnostic Challenges and the Importance of Early Intervention

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Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by highly virulent Salmonella enterica serovars: Typhi and Paratyphi. Diagnosis of enteric fever is challenging due to a wide variety of clinical features which overlap with other febrile illnesses. The…

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~Contaminated food (most common)

~Cross-contamination

~Contaminated water

~Contact with animals

~Contact with people

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Some common sources of infection

Contaminated food

Salmonella most often spread to people through contaminated food. CDC estimates that most Salmonella infections are linked to chicken, fruits, pork, seeded vegetables (such as tomatoes), other produce (such as nuts), beef, and turkey. But any food can become contaminated, even processed foods (such as flour).

Cross-contamination

Foods that are contaminated with Salmonella can spread germs to other foods if they are not kept separated. Unwashed hands, chopping boards, and knives can also spread germs from these foods to other foods.

Foods linked to outbreaks

Recent outbreaks of Salmonella infection have been linked to many kinds of foods. These foods include chicken products, ground turkey, ground beef, other meats, and seafood. Sprouts, nut butters, cantaloupes, cucumbers, onions, basil, raw cookie dough, and flour also have been linked to recent outbreaks.

Reminder‎

Contaminated water

Salmonella can contaminate drinking, irrigation water (water used to grow food), and recreational water.

People can get infected if they drink water that has not been made safe, including by drinking water from streams, ponds, and lakes when swimming or camping.

If water containing Salmonella is used for irrigating or cleaning produce, Salmonella can contaminate fruits and vegetables before or after harvest.

Contact with animals

Pets and other healthy animals can carry Salmonella and other germs that make people sick. These animals include ones at petting zoos, farms, and fairs and even schools and daycares.

These germs can spread through an animal's poop, belongings (such as toys and bowls), or habitats (such as beds, cages, tanks, coops, stalls, and barns).

Contact with people

Sometimes germs can spread from a person with diarrhea to another person through unwashed hands or sexual contact.

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Salmonella can spread to people in many ways, including through food, water, animals, and other peop

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Salmonella is most often spread through contaminated food, such as chicken, fruits, pork, seeded vegetables, beef, turkey. Any food may become contaminated.

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Contaminated foods, unwashed hands, chopping boards, and knives can spread to other foods if they aren't kept separated or washed properly.

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Client Symptoms That Increase the Spread of Infection

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Client Symptoms That Increase the Spread of Infection

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diarrhea

vomiting

not washing hands/sanitizing

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-Keep hands clean! Before and after food, after using the washroom, after touching animals

-Clean kitchen utensils, keep food separated, cooking to the right temperature, and storing food at the right temperature.

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-Salmonella gets in through the mouth from dirty food or water

-It infects people who are arent protected

-The more germs swallowed the faster someone gets sick

-Stomach acid helps stop the germs

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Salmonella can contaminate drink, irrigation, and recreational water. Infection can happen if someone drinks water that has not been made safe, including the water in streams, ponds, and lakes.

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Pets and other healthy animals can carry Salmonella, including ones at petting zoos, farms, fairs, schools, and daycares.

Germs can spread through feces, belongings (toys and bowls), or habitats (beds, cages, tanks, coops, stalls, barns, etc.).

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"Sometimes germs can spread from a person with diarrhea to another person through unwashed hands or sexual contact."