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Traditional medicinal plants have been used for their healing properties in different parts of Afghanistan for a long time. Guldara, a district in Kabul, is especially recognized for using a diverse range of plants to treat conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, urinary tract infections, skin diseases, and cardiovascular ailments. A total of 68 plants are used in traditional medicine in this locality.(MH, 2017)

MH, A. (2017). Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally in Guldara District of Kabul, Afghanistan. International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000118

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For me, the most important aspect is that I found is, competency standard 1.2 to be highly relevant in my nursing practice.

I have developed my knowledge of competency standard 1.2 highlights the significance of cultural knowledge in clinical practice and active integration of my understanding of Afghani cultural norms and values into patient care, improving communication, and delivering respectful care that meets the unique needs of Afghani patients. (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice 2023).

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. (2023). Competency standards framework for clinicians. [Framework document].

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Image retrived from ArmyAmber on Pixabay.

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The concept of social inclusion involves integrating marginalized groups into society to ensure fair access to opportunities and resources ([WHO], 2023). Non-discrimination encompasses an individual's unjust treatment based on their identity, such as nationality, ethnicity, or religion. For Afghan refugees in Australia, achieving social inclusion and preventing discrimination is essential for accessing critical services like healthcare and maintaining overall health and well-being.

Mental Health and Well-being: The extent of social inclusion significantly impacts the ability of Afghan refugees to utilize healthcare services in Australia.

World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health: Social inclusion and non-discrimination. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/health_inclusion_non_discrimination

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social inclusion and non-discrimination of afghanistan

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Ingredients

2 cups milk

¼-1/2 cup sugar

¼ cup cornstarch

¼ cup slivered almonds (optional)

¼ teaspoon ground cardamom

⅛ teaspoon saffron threads (optional)

⅛ cup finely chopped pistachio nuts (optional)

1 teaspoon of rosewater (optional)

Method

1. Put all but ½ cup of milk into a medium-sized pan.

2. Take the remaining ½ cup of milk and mix with ½ cup of cornstarch.

3. Add the milk and cornstarch mix into the pan with the rest of milk.

4. Over medium heat, stir the mixture constantly until the mixture begins to thicken (about 10-15 minutes).

5. Add cardamom and rosewater and stir. Cook on low heat for 10 minutes, allowing the ferini to simmer gently. Stir occasionally.

6. Pour into the platter, spreading evenly. Sprinkle pistachio and nuts. (Marissa 2018 Mar)

Eggless Custard From Afghanistan - Firni/Ferini (Afghan Custard) www.marissa.co. Marissa’s Recipes & Ideas. https://www.marissa.co/firni-ferini-afghan-custard/

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When refugees come to Australia from Afghanistan, they face various health obstacles resulting from their exposure to war and being forced to leave their homes. The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide states that Afghan refugees commonly experience mental health issues, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

PTSD is a prevalent mental health condition experienced by those who have encountered or witnessed traumatic events. Afghan refugees commonly suffer from psychological distress due to the trauma of conflict, violence, and displacement.

Treatment Option: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Australian Government Department of Health. (2022). Australian refugee health practice guide. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/resources/collections/australian-refugee-health-practice-guide

https://www.who.int/social_determinants/health_inclusion_non_discrimination

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Afghanistan is a linguistically diverse nation, with upwards of 40 distinct languages.However, Pashto and Dari are two of the most languages in the country.

Pashto, as a shared language between multiple ethnic groups in the country. Whereas, Dari is also widely spoken in the region.(Wikipedia Contributors 2019 Apr 30)

Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, April 30). Languages of Afghanistan. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan

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Image from: Flag of Afghanistan (Colored Emblem).svg

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The flag of Afghanistan consists of three equal vertical sections, arranged from left to right with black, red, and green colors. Each color's width is half of its length, and the national insignia is positioned in the center.

The national emblem of Afghanistan consists of an emblem and a pulpit in white color. Two flags are placed at the two corners with the holy phrase "There is no God but Allah and Mohammad is his Prophet, and Allah is Great" inscribed in the top middle. (Afghan Embassy Canberra 2021)

Afghan Embassy Canberra. (2021). AFGHANISTAN FLAG - EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN CANBERRA - AUSTRALIA. EMBASSY of the ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of AFGHANISTAN CANBERRA - AUSTRALIA. https://www.afghanembassy.au/about-afghanistan/afghanistan-flag.html#:~:text=The%20flag%20of%20Afghanistan%20shall

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