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Example 2: AI in Polycystic Kidney Disease

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Example 2: AI in Polycystic Kidney Disease

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Scientists, researches, and health care workers at Mayo Clinic are working to help patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease. It was found out that total kidney volume is an indicator of how fast the deadly disease will effect patients. The process of gathering the total kidney volume takes 45 minutes of analyzing pictures per patient. However, Photo Analyzing AI has recently been employed to help analyze pictures of kidneys. A bit limitation is that this AI is not public yet. However, Mayo Clinic plans to make a website to help physicians and doctors across the world. The pictures would be sent by physicians their website that analyzes and diagnoses the pictures in seconds.

Personally, I think the use of AI to examine images is great, it helps doctors spend less time doing slow tasks like these, and leaves them with more time to treat patients and those in need.

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Mayo Clinic Minute: Using AI to predict kidney failure in patients with polycystic kidney disease

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People in the Intensive Care Unit need intensive care. AI is helping to make sure these patients get what they need. An AI is being employed into a Florida Hospital to see how patients are feeling. The AI analyzes the light, the patient's face, the sounds in the room, and the patients movements to see if they are in pain. The technology is hoped to be able to give more time to ICU physicians so they can save their patients lives. A limitation of this is that it is new, and has just recently been deployed. However, there is hope that it will soon come to hospitals across the world.

Personally, I think that AI being used in ICU is good, but can cause problems. The AI should not replace nurses or workers, and may be inaccurate. Some people have natural frowns/upset faces. Some people naturally move a lot. I think it would need a lot of refining and testing on people of all races and backgrounds to be able to be employed in hospitals.

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High-tech hospital uses artificial intelligence in patient care

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Future Trends and Ethical Considerations

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Future Trends and Ethical Considerations

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The biggest ethical concern regarding AI in healthcare is lack of representation leading to misdiagnosis, mistreatment, or worst of all, a lack of a diagnosis. Since AI is trained on people, if the people who are chosen are not diverse, this can lead to a lack of proper treatment to underrepresentated races. A panel at the Yale School of Medicine has  already found that racial biases exist in AIs, and are working harder to prevent them. Since President Biden signed an executive order to make sure AI will be used to further development of healthcare, the panel at Yale are making sure AIs are giving fair healthcare to everyone.

Regarding the future trends of AI in healthcare, we are expected to see an increase of healthcare in AI in the coming years. Due to the aforementioned executive order, the government is speeding up and supporting the development of healthcare AI to make sure fair treatment is for everyone. AI will not replace healthcare physicians, but will be a tool to aid their jobs and work along side them as a tool.

Personally, I feel strongly about preventing medical racism in AI. As a Black person myself, it feels scary to be in need and have your needs ignored or invalidated just because you aren’t seen as worthy of treatment. I was in the hopsital recently, and was treated horribly throughout most of my stay because the nurses and doctors refused to believe what they were seeing in the scans. They didn’t want to believe what they saw, so they left me in pain without pain medication for hours. I was left in excruciating pain to the point where I had passed out, while little was done to help me feel better. It’s scary enough being in a lot of pain and being vulnerable, but it’s scarier knowing that you may not get the treatment you need because of bias. That’s why it’s important to make AIs trained against this racism. Have AI be better than humans and hopefully prevent cases like mine.

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The societal impact of AI in healthcare will hopefully be a positive. President Joe Biden signed an executive order requiring safety, privacy, trustworthiness out of all AIs, but especially healthcare ones. This executive order protects the rights of all Americans. It require that developers of AIs test their safety, and then share the results with the U.S. government. It also gives the various branches of the government the tools to be able to test AI and make sure only the best of the best will be used on the public. It gives funding to develop AI, and also protects the rights of Americans against AI generated content, such as deepfakes, by implementing watermarks on AI content.

AI in healthcare also isn’t stealing jobs. AIs cannot replace healthcare workers, and can only be a tool to help them. “The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare,” written by Thomas Davenport, discusses how AI affects various parts of healthcare, for better and for worse. He writes that doctors will never be replaced and jobs will not be taken, and says that AI will take a while to be implemented. Doctors and nurses need time to learn the new technology, and the technology will need time to pass the new regulations implemented.

Personally I think this is great. I hate AI replacing jobs, and I am glad that the future looks good for healthcare workers. I hope the executive order and other laws work to make AI safe and helpful for everyone, without the loss of jobs.

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This is where my overview video was supposed to be, however I could not include it. Instead I have included an audio link.

I was having issues uploading my Padlet video. There is a limit of videos being 2 minutes maximum. However the overview video was supposed to be 3 minutes or longer! So I cannot embed it here. It is included and turned in as a different submission than my Padlet because I was having many issues uploading it.

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I think AI in healthcare is very interesting. It can do a lot of good but has a lot of drawbacks. The main ones being energy, and possibility of racial bias. However, this topic was really cool and showed the future and how technology will be able to help those in need across the world. This made me change how I think about AI, and I see it in a more positive light than previously. So many corporations want AIs to replace jobs for profit margins, however it can do so much more and so much better than just get CEOs more money.

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Radiology is one of the most vital aspects of healthcare. AI is helping to make this important science even easier. At the University of Texas, AI is being trained to help diagnose and identify cancer and diseases before they are often being seen by doctors. Computers can work all day without sleep, unlike humans, which leads to quicker diagnoses. These quick diagnoses lead to more treatment faster. The FDA is starting to approve AIs with a minimum 80 to 90%, most of which treat cancer. A limitation of this AI is that it needs to be deployed in order to get better, however once it's deployed it's only up.

My personal opinion is that this is great. The AI helping in radiology as a tool in diagnosis can lead to more help and earlier findings of cancer and other diseases. This AI can really save lives.

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How AI Could Change the Future of Medicine

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I chose AI in healthcare because I had seen an essay written about it in writing class in fall semester. I was curious about it and what it can do to make people's lives better. Healthcare is an industry that is growing and will continue to develop for the better as long as humans are alive. I wanted to learn and research about the impact AI has in it.

My Padlet will cover AI helping diagnose cancer, Polycystic Kidney Disease, and help ICU help monitoring patients. It will also talk about future trends and ethical considerations regarding AI. It will discuss the pros and cons of AI, and my personal thoughts on what the biggest problems are. It will also discuss how society will be impacted by AI in healthcare, and will have a video summarizing my research.

AI in healthcare is a topic that means a lot to me. With certain diseases and the advancement of technology, it will soon be possible to cure diseases like Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's. Both of these diseases, especially Alzheimer's can cause slow, sad, and painful deaths for those who know the patients and those who have it. My grandfather has Alzheimer's and i wish there was help to cure or treat his disease better. AI and the advancement of technology will hopefully make sure people don't need to suffer the way my grandfather does, and the way many people across the world do.

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“Ai in Healthcare: The Future of Patient Care and Health Management.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 17 Apr. 2024, mcpress.mayoclinic.org/healthy-aging/ai-in-healthcare-the-future-of-patient-care-and-health-management/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article gave a few examples of AI being used in Healthcare.

Backman, Isabella. “Eliminating Racial Bias in Health Care AI: Expert Panel Offers Guidelines.” Yale School of Medicine, 22 Dec. 2023, medicine.yale.edu/news-article/eliminating-racial-bias-in-health-care-ai-expert-panel-offers-guidelines/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article explained that racial bias exists in AI, and how an expert panel at Yale is fighting it.

Bennett, Doug. “Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit: UF Researchers Developing Novel Solutions.” UF Health, 10 Nov. 2021, ufhealth.org/news/2021/artificial-intelligence-intensive-care-unit-uf-researchers-developing-novel-solutions. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article was used as one of my examples.

Brainard, Lael, et al. “Delivering on the Promise of AI to Improve Health Outcomes.” The White House, The United States Government, 14 Dec. 2023, www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/blog/2023/12/14/delivering-on-the-promise-of-ai-to-improve-health-outcomes/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article discusses Joe Biden's executive order on AI.

Broadfoot, Marla. “Science Saturday: Confronting Polycystic Kidney Disease, a Silent Killer - Mayo Clinic News Network.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 12 July 2024, newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/science-saturday-confronting-polycystic-kidney-disease-a-silent-killer/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article was used to help me learn about one of my examples.

Dave, M., Patel, N. Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education. Br Dent J 234, 761–764 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5845-2

This article was one of my 5 research articles on the topic, and helped me learn about what AI is doing in healthcare.

Davenport T, Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J. 2019 Jun;6(2):94-98. doi: 10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94. PMID: 31363513; PMCID: PMC6616181.

“Fact Sheet: President Biden Issues Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence.” The White House, The United States Government, 30 Oct. 2023,

www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/10/30/fact-sheet-president-biden-issues-executive-order-on-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article helped me learn more info regarding what was in President Joe Biden's executive order.

Hirani R, Noruzi K, Khuram H, Hussaini AS, Aifuwa EI, Ely KE, Lewis JM, Gabr AE, Smiley A, Tiwari RK, et al. Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare: A Journey through History, Present Innovations, and Future Possibilities. Life. 2024; 14(5):557. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050557

This article was one of my research articles, and helped me learn about the history of AI in healthcare.

Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors.

2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril.

NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine.

Park, Alice, and Andrew D. Johnson. “How AI Is Changing Medical Imaging.” Time, 4 Nov. 2022, time.com/6227623/ai-medical-imaging-radiology/. Accessed 04 Aug. 2024.

This article provided some info for one of my examples.

Secinaro, S., Calandra, D., Secinaro, A. et al. The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a structured literature review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 21, 125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9

This scholarly review helped me learn about AI and healthcare, as apart of my 5 research articles.

Sezgin E. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Complementing, not replacing, doctors and healthcare providers. DIGITAL HEALTH. 2023;9. doi:10.1177/20552076231186520

This article talked about the impact of AI in healthcare, and was one of my research articles.

Silcox, C., Zimlichmann, E., Huber, K. et al. The potential for artificial intelligence to transform healthcare: perspectives from international health leaders. npj Digit. Med. 7, 88 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01097-6

This article was the last of my 5 research articles regarding the AI in healthcare topic.