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1. Find a pot that is large enough to withstand the amount of salt water you plan to purify. If you’re only using it for one glass, use a smaller pot. If you’re wanting to filter a larger amount, then find a pot that can sustain the desired volume.

2. Place the empty glass in the pot.

3. Fill your pot with salt water, but be careful not to overfill. You should stop filling the pot well before it has reached the top of the glass because the water will boil. When water is heated, the molecules have more energy and take up more space than cool water.

4. Put the lid on top of the pot.

5. Bring the water to a slow boil. You’ll know the water is beginning to boil when tiny bubbles appear at the bottom of the pan. At this point, make sure your heat is low enough to withstand a slower boil.

6. Boil the water for at least 20 minutes. During this, the salt water will have turned into water vapor that lands on the top of the lid, turns to water droplets, then fills the empty glass with clean, unsalted water.

This method is made for home purposes, not to filter out a lot at once. People can use this method if they don't have freshwater at that time.

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Solar stills purify water by mimicking the natural water cycle, using the sun’s energy to evaporate and then condense water.

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1. Evaporation: Dirty or saline water is placed in a container within the solar still. The sun heats this water, causing it to evaporate. As the water turns into vapor, it leaves behind contaminants like salts, minerals, and impurities.

2. Condensation: The water vapor rises and hits a cooler surface, usually a clear plastic or glass cover. This causes the vapor to condense into droplets of pure water.

3. Collection: The condensed water droplets then trickle down into a separate container, ready for use as clean drinking water.

Solar stills are particularly useful in areas with limited access to clean water, as they can produce potable water from various sources, including seawater and contaminated water.

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3. Plastic bottle and soda can desalination 

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3. Plastic bottle and soda can desalination 

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The plastic bottle and soda can desalination method is a simple and effective way to purify seawater using basic materials.

1. Preparation: Cut off the top of a soda can and fill it with saltwater. Then, take a large plastic bottle and cut off the bottom. Turn the bottom inside out to create an inner gutter around the soda can.

2. Assembly: Place the soda can filled with saltwater in the center of the plastic bottle. The inner gutter of the plastic bottle should look like a dry moat around the soda can.

3. Evaporation and Condensation: Place the setup in the sun. The sun’s heat will cause the saltwater in the soda can to evaporate. As the water vapor rises, it will hit the cooler surface of the plastic bottle and condense into droplets.

4. Collection: The condensed water droplets will trickle down into the inner gutter of the plastic bottle, collecting as fresh, drinkable water.

This method relies on the natural processes of evaporation and condensation to separate the salt from the water, making it safe to drink.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that removes contaminants from water by using pressure to force water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how it works:

1. Pre-filtration: Water first passes through a pre-filter to remove larger particles like sediment and chlorine, which can damage the RO membrane.

2. Pressure Application: The water is then pressurized to overcome the natural osmotic pressure. This pressure forces the water through the semi-permeable membrane.

3. Semi-permeable Membrane: The membrane allows only water molecules to pass through while blocking larger molecules like salts, bacteria, and other impurities.

4. Post-filtration: The purified water is collected on the other side of the membrane, while the contaminants are flushed away in a separate stream.

5. Storage: The clean water is stored in a tank until it is needed for use.

This process is widely used for desalinating seawater, recycling wastewater, and producing drinking water.

This is a more proper way for a larger amount of fully filtered, cleansed water for homes.

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Forward osmosis (FO) is a water separation process that uses a semipermeable membrane and the natural energy of osmotic pressure to separate water from dissolved solutes. 

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1. Two Solutions: There are two solutions involved - a feed solution (industrial wastewater) and a draw solution with a higher concentration of dissolved solutes (a salt solution).

2. Osmotic Pressure: The difference in concentration between the two solutions creates osmotic pressure.

3. Water Movement: Water naturally moves from the feed solution through the semipermeable membrane to the draw solution (higher concentration), leaving the dissolved solutes behind in the feed solution.

4. Dilution and Concentration: As water moves into the draw solution, it becomes diluted, while the feed solution becomes more concentrated.

This process is energy-efficient because it relies on natural osmotic pressure rather than external hydraulic pressure, making it useful for applications like wastewater treatment, product concentration, and water recycling.