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https://padlet.com/rachelrodgers1/clinical-anatomy-suq-35qjd4x52q3egzf5

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Gold standard should each RRU/PCRF facility have access to an iPad in the future.

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Silver standard utilising the patients’ phone to capture the assessment.

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Bronze standard, utilising similar methods already adopted in current practices.

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Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion: Iliotibial band
Action: Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata Insertion: Iliotibial band Action: Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply: Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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Gracilis Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Functions of the fibularis longus muscle (preview) - 3D Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Iliotibial Tract (ITB) Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Adductor Longus Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Adductor Magnus Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Sartorius Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Plantaris Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Gracilis Muscle - Function & Origins - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Popliteus Muscle - Function & Anatomy - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Find more videos at: https://www.kenhub.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/VOEG2I The popliteus muscle is a small muscle located at the knee joint. It originates at the lateral condyle of the femur and the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. From there it runs mediocaudally towards the tibia and inserts above the origin of the soleus muscle.

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Functions of the plantaris muscle (preview) - 3D Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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in text reference (Ministry of Defence, 2023)

Reference List:

Ministry of Defence (2023) Core Health & Fitness: Soldiers Conditioning Review (SCR) and Role Fitness Test (Soldier) (RFT(S)) - v3.0. Available at (____link___) [Accessed 6 August 2024]

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Reference in text (Ministry of Defence, 2024)

Reference for List at the end:

Ministry of Defence (2024) Accredited official statistics. Quarterly Service Personnel Statistics 1 January 2024. Updated 1 May 2024. Available at *insert link from above* [Accessed on __insert_date_].

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This publication provides information on the number of Military Personnel (defined as the Strength), joining (Intake) and leaving (Outflow) the UK Armed Forces. Detail is provided for both the Full-Time Armed Forces (AF) and Reserves. Further statistics can be found in the Excel tables.

The historic trends in Reserve personnel numbers in this report relate to the targets outlined in the Future Reserves 2020 ( FR20) programme.

Some of the statistics previously published in the following publications can now be found in this release:

Key Points and Trends

▼129,760

Full-Time Trained Strength (RN/RM & RAF) and Full-Time Trade Trained Strength (Army)
at 1 April 2024, a decrease of 3,800 (3 per cent) since 1 April 2023.

Background Quality Report: Background Quality Report

Introduction

This publication contains information on the Strength, Intake, Outflow and Gains to Trained Strength (GTS) for the UK Armed Forces overall and each of the Services; Royal Navy/Royal Marines ( RN/RM), Army and Royal Air Force ( RAF).

The Ministry of Defence ( MOD) announced on 29 June 2016 that it was changing the definition of Trained Strength for Army to include Phase 1 trained personnel, which affected some Tri-Service totals (see Army Trained Strength in the Policy Background section for more detail). The MOD held a public consultation on SDSR Resilience: Trained strength definition for the Army and resultant changes to Ministry of Defence Armed Forces personnel statistics, between 11 July and 21 August 2016. A consultation response was published on 7 November 2016. The changes outlined in the consultation and response have been incorporated into this publication from the 1 October 2016 edition onwards. This affects statistics in some of the accompanying Excel tables, specifically tables: 3a, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b and 7c. Terminology has also been updated in Excel tables 3c and 4.

Detailed statistics, including unrounded figures, and historic time series can be found in the Excel tables. These include quarterly statistics on the number of Service and Civilian Personnel, Separated Service (the proportion of personnel breaching harmony guidelines), Applications to each of the Services and Military Salaries. Historic statistics can be found in the following archived publications:

The glossary contains definitions of terminology used in this publication.

A calendar of upcoming MOD statistical releases can be found on GOV.UK.
Accredited Official Statistics publication
Accredited Official Statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007. These Accredited Official Statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in September 2023. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled 'Accredited Official Statistics'. Accreditation can be broadly interpreted to mean that the statistics:

meet identified user needs;

are well explained and readily accessible;

are produced according to sound methods; and

are managed impartially and objectively in the public interest.

Further information on the accreditation process can be found from here: Accredited Official Statistics.

Once statistics have been designated as Accredited Official Statistics it is a statutory requirement that the Code of Practice shall continue to be observed. Further details about how this report has been developed since its confirmation as an Accredited Official Statistic can be found in the Background Quality Report.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

Policy Background

The main factors affecting decisions about the size of the Armed Forces required by the MOD to achieve success in its military tasks include:

An assessment of current and future threats to UK national security;

The need for contingent / reactive capability - the requirement to be able to respond immediately to domestic or international crisis;

Current operational and international obligations (e.g. NATO, UN);

Changes in technology, the introduction of new equipment and restructuring that leads to equipment becoming obsolete or surplus to requirements;

The need to deliver against the military tasks as efficiently as possible, maintaining a balanced, affordable defence budget.

The Service Personnel Statistics in previous versions of this publication arere reported against the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review ( SDSR), released in November 2015. Prior to SDSR 2015, publications reported against the planned Future Force 2020, as set out in the SDSR 2010 which planned to reduce the size of the Armed Forces.

Army Trained Strength

On 29 June 2016, the MOD announced that the Army planned to use Regular and Reserve Phase 1 Trained personnel in response to crises within the UK. Following this, the term 'Trained Strength' would include all Army personnel Trained in the core function of their Service (i.e. those who have completed Phase 1 Training). The MOD has consulted on these changes and the resultant impact they will have on this publication and a consultation response was published on 7 October 2016.

From the 1 October 2016 edition onwards, Army personnel who have completed Phase 1 Training (basic Service Training) but not Phase 2 Training (Trade Training), are considered Trained personnel. This change enabled the Army to meet the SDSR 15 commitment to improve support to UK resilience. The Trained Strength definition for the Royal Navy, RAF, Maritime Reserve and RAF Reserves has not changed, reflecting the requirement for their personnel to complete Phase 2 Training to be able to fulfil the core function of their respective Services.

Army personnel who have completed Phase 2 Training are now called 'Trade Trained'. This population aligns with the old definition of Trained personnel, therefore maintaining the continuity of the statistical time series.

The Army have undertaken a review of training requirements and Royal Engineers Other Ranks personnel joining from 1 July 2019 will become Trade Trained after Initial Trade Training (ITT) and will join the Full-time Trade Trained Strength ( FTTTS), and therefore we may see a change in the trend.

Full-Time Armed Forces Personnel

In order to meet the personnel reduction targets set out in SDSR 2010, the Three Month Exercise ( 3ME) and Army 2020 (A2020), a redundancy programme coupled with adjusted recruiting (Intake) and contract extensions, were set. The aforementioned redundancy programme is now complete.

On 23 November 2015, MOD published the National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015. SDSR 2015 outlined plans to uplift the size of the Regular Armed Forces, setting targets for a Strength of 82,000 for the Army, and increasing the Royal Navy/Royal Marines and Royal Air Force by a total of 700 personnel. The SDSR 2015 Defence Key Facts booklet announced new targets for 2020 for each of the Services.

Future Reserves 2020 (FR20) Programme

The Future Reserves 2020 ( FR20) programme aimed to increase the size of the Reserve Forces. Further information on the growth of the Reserves can be found in the Policy Background section of previous Monthly Service Personnel Statistics publications.

As a result of the changes to Army Trained Strength (referred to above) and their impact on the Army Reserve, the MOD released a Written Ministerial Statement containing revised Future Reserves 2020 ( FR20) Strength growth profiles on 8 November 2016. Reporting of the growth of the Reserves will be based on Strength profiles only.

There has been no formal announcement of new targets beyond 31 March 2019. However, the Ministry of Defence's recruitment campaign is a long-term programme.

Reserves Forces 2030 (RF30) Programme

The Reserve Forces 2030 (RF30) Review does not include a target for additional personnel numbers beyond those in the Future Reserves 2020 ( FR20) programme.

RF30 builds on the work carried out by FR20; the RF30 Review offers 18 recommendations grouped into four key areas in which the Reserves will need to continue to adapt in order to develop their utility. These are: redefining the Reserves' relationship with society; expanding the role of the Reserves; unlocking the potential of reservists; and transforming support to the Reserves.

The Ministry of Defence has established an implementation programme to consider the RF30 recommendations. A formal response, or responses, to the RF30 Review will follow the RF30 implementation programme's detailed analysis of the recommendations.

UK Service Personnel

Strength is the number of personnel.

UK Regulars are Full-Time Service personnel, including Nursing Services, excluding FTRS personnel, Gurkhas, mobilised Reservists, Military Provost Guarding Service (MPGS), Locally Engaged Personnel (LEP), and Non Regular Permanent Service (NRPS).

Volunteer Reserves voluntarily accept an annual training commitment and are liable to be mobilised to deploy on operations. They can be utilised on a part-time or Full-Time basis to provide support to the Regular Forces at home and overseas.

UK Service Personnel comprise the total Strength of the military personnel employed by the Ministry of Defence (Excel table, Table 1). The current Strength (as at 1 April 2024) of the UK Armed Forces is 183,230 which includes:

All UK Regular personnel and all Gurkha personnel (which comprised 77.7 per cent of UK Service Personnel);

Volunteer Reserve personnel (which comprised 17.7 per cent of UK Service Personnel);

Other Personnel including the Serving Regular Reserve, Sponsored Reserve, Military Provost Guard Service, Locally Engaged Personnel and elements of the Full-Time Reserve Service (FTRS) (which comprised 4.6 per cent of UK Service Personnel).

The total Strength of the UK Forces ¹ has decreased between 1 April 2023 and 1 April 2024 by 3.0 per cent (5,590 personnel), as shown in Table 1. Compared to 1 April 2023, the Gurkhas and other Personnel has increased, however the UK Regular Forces and Volunteer Reserves have decreased.
Table 1: Trends in UK Forces Strength¹

UK Forces comprises all UK Regular, Gurkha, Volunteer Reserve and Other personnel. The constituents of "Other personnel" are reported towards the top of this page.

Full-Time Trained Strength (RN/RM & RAF) and Full-Time Trade Trained Strength (Army)

The FTTS and FTTTS total has decreased between 1 April 2023 and 1 April 2024 by 2.8 per cent (3,800 personnel). The RN/RM, Army and RAF decreased by 1.7, 3.1 and 3.3 per cent, respectively as shown in Table 2.
Table 2: FTTS and FTTTS FTTS and FTTTS includes all UK Regular personnel, Gurkhas and the relevant elements of the Full-Time Reserve Service (FTRS) (see glossary for more detail).
Figure 1: FTTS and FTTTS

A line graph showing FTTS ( RN/RM & RAF) & FTTTS (Army). FTTS & FTTTS decreased until October 2019, then increased until July 2021, after which it has decreased.

Full-Time Trained Strength (FTTS) and Full-Time Trade Trained Strength (FTTTS) - Army
Table 3: Comparison FTTS and FTTTS (Army) Figure 2: FTTS & FTTTS in the Army since Trained Strength definition change in October 16

As can be seen from Figure 2 above, both Army FTTS and Army FTTTS saw an increase between 1 April 2019 and 1 October 2021, but both have gradually decreased since. The Army FTTS and Army FTTTS at 1 April 2024 are lower than at 1 April 2023 by 3.8 and 3.1 per cent, respectively.
Table 4: Army Officers and Other Ranks by Training Status
Since 1 April 2023, the FTTS and FTTTS Officers have decreased by 2.4 and 1.8 per cent, respectively. The FTTS and FTTTS Other Ranks have decreased by 4.1 and 3.4 per cent, respectively since 1 April 2023, as can be seen from Table 4 above.

UK Regular Personnel

At 1 April 2024, the Trained and Untrained Strength of the UK Regular Forces was 138,120. The service split for this figure can be found in Table 5 below.

There are 9,770 Untrained personnel in the UK Regular Forces, of which 3,530 are in the RN/RM, 3,800 in the Army and 2,440 are in the RAF. The Untrained Strength reflects the number of personnel who can potentially join the Trained Strength.
Table 5: UK Regular Forces by Service and Training Status
Intake and Outflow

In the 12 months to 31 March 2024, when comparing Intake and Outflow, there was a net decrease of 4,430 personnel in the UK Regular Forces. Comparing to the 12 months to 31 March 2023, there was a net decrease of 5,420 personnel. Outflow has decreased by 4.7 per cent and Intake has increased by 1.9 per cent since 31 March 2023.

Intake

Untrained and direct Trained/Trade Trained Intake to the UK Regular Forces was 11,300 in the 12 months to 31 March 2024, compared to 11,090 to the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

In the 12 months to 31 March 2024, Intake to the RN/RM and RAF decreased by 11.3 and 17.3 per cent, respectively, while for Army it increased by 13.5 per cent compared to the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

Figure 3: Intake to and Outflow from the UK Regular Forces over rolling 12-month periods from 1 April 2017 - 31 March 2024

Outflow

Voluntary Outflow (VO) encompasses all Trained ( RN/RM & RAF) and Trade Trained (Army) personnel who voluntarily exit before the end of their agreed engagement or commission period.

Time Expiry is a term used to describe those in the Armed Services who reach the end of their engagement or commission and then leave.

Other includes Outflow from the Trained ( RN/RM & RAF) and Trade Trained (Army) Strength due to, amongst others, medical reasons, misconduct, compassionate, dismissals and death.

VO Rate is the number of personnel voluntarily Outflowing as a proportion of the average Trained Strength for the Outflow period.

Outflow from the Trained and Untrained UK Regular Forces was 15,730 in the 12 months to 31 March 2024, up slightly from 16,510 to the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

Across all Services, VO was the most common reason for Outflow from the Trained ( RN/RM & RAF) and Trade Trained (Army), accounting for 61.0 per cent of Outflow in the 12 months to 31 March 2024 (See Figure 4).

In the 12 months to 31 March 2024, 8,100 personnel left through VO; the VO rate was 6.4 per cent. The VO Rate for the RN/RM was 5.9 per cent, for the Army it was 6.7 per cent and for the RAF it was 6.1 per cent.

In the 12 months to 31 March 2024, the VO rate amongst Officers and Other Ranks was 5.2 per cent and 6.7 per cent, respectively.

There is no single reason why personnel leave on Voluntary Outflow, but the personnel who completed the Armed Forces Continuous Attitude Survey indicated reasons for leaving the Armed Forces included the impact of Service life on family and personal life and opportunities outside the Armed Forces.
Figure 4: Outflow of Trained (RN/RM & RAF) and Trade Trained (Army) UK Regulars by exit reason (12 months to 31 March 2024)

Gains to Trained Strength (GTS) figures comprise all Regular personnel who complete Phase 2 Training and those that enter directly into the Phase 2 Trained Strength. It excludes those returning to the Phase 2 Trained Strength from Long Term Absence (LTA).

Trained Outflow figures show Phase 2 Trained Outflow from UK Regular Forces, including personnel leaving the Services, deaths and recalled reservists on release. They do not include promotion from Ranks to Officers or flows between Services.
Gains to Trained Strength and Trained Outflow
In the 12 months to 31 March 2024, the number of personnel joining the Trained ( RN/RM & RAF) and Trade Trained Strength (Army) UK Regular Forces was 3,650 lower than the number leaving. This represents a net loss to the Phase 2 Trained population of the Armed Forces. The overall Full-Time Trained/Trade Trained Strength as at 1 April 2024 (after accounting for other flows such as promotion from Ranks to Officers or flows between Services) was 3,800 lower than as at 1 April 2023.

The number of Trained and Trade Trained direct entrants in the 12 months to 31 March 2024 was 470. This is an increase of 220 from the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

There were 9,160 Personnel completing Phase 2 Training in the 12 months to 31 March 2024. This has decreased by 11.4 per cent when compared to the previous 12 month period (10,340).

The Gains to Trained Strength for the RN/RM and RAF decreased by 19.7 and 19.8 per cent, respectively, whereas the Army gains to the Trade Trained Strength increased by 1.8 per cent compared to the previous 12 month period.

Trained Outflow from the RN/RM decreased by 12 per cent, Army Trade Trained Outflow increased by 2.9 per cent and RAF Trained Outflow decreased by 1.2 per cent compared to the previous 12 month period.

Figure 5: GTS and Outflow from the UK Trained Regular Forces 12 month ending across the Armed Forces from 1 April 2016 - 31 March 2024

Future Reserves 2020 (FR20) Programme Monitoring

Future Reserves 2020 includes Volunteer Reserves who are mobilised, High Readiness Reserves and those Volunteer Reserves serving on Full-time Reserve Service ( FTRS) and Additional Duties Commitment ( ADC). Sponsored Reserves who provide a more cost-effective solution than Volunteer Reserves are also included in the Army Reserve FR20.

Following consultation on changes to the Army Trained Strength definition and the removal of the FR20 Intake targets, the MOD released Future Reserves 2020 Trained Strength growth profiles in a Written Ministerial Statement on 8 November 2016. Reporting of the growth of the Reserves were based on Trained Strength profiles only.

Following initial plans to freeze FR20 data as at 1 April 2022, extensive consultation with internal stakeholders within MOD has identified an ongoing need to publish FR20 statistics. As a result, we will continue to publish tables on the FR20 population in Service Personnel Statistics until further notice.

Future Reserves 2020 Strength

Progress against FR20 population Trained Strength targets was reported in Table 6a of the Excel tables. The total Trained and Untrained Strength of the Tri-Service Future Reserves 2020 at 1 April 2024 was 32,490, a decrease of 1,340 personnel or 4.0 per cent since 1 April 2023.

Maritime Reserve

Figure 6 shows that the Maritime Reserve Trained Strength was 2,680 at 1 April 2024. This is a decrease of 50 personnel (1.9 per cent) since 1 April 2023.

The Maritime Reserve total Strength at 1 April 2024 was 3,310. This is a decrease of 150 personnel (4.3 per cent) since 1 April 2023.
Figure 6: Maritime Reserve Trained Strength

Army Reserve

Figure 7 shows that the Army Reserve Trained Strength was 24,070 at 1 April 2024. This is a decrease of 740 (3.0 per cent) since 1 April 2023.

The Army Reserve total Strength at 1 April 2024 was 26,160. This is a decrease of 1,080 (4.0 per cent) since 1 April 2023.
Figure 7: Army Reserve Trained Strength

RAF Reserve

Figure 8 shows that, at 1 April 2024, the RAF Reserve Trained Strength was 2,820. This is an increase of 10 personnel (0.4 per cent) since 1 April 2023.

The RAF Reserve total Strength at 1 April 2024 was 3,030. This is a decrease of 110 personnel (3.5 per cent) since 1 April 2023.
Figure 8: RAF Reserve Trained Strength

FR20 Intake and Outflow statistics

Intake and Outflow statistics report how many people have left or joined the Trained or Untrained Strengths. As well as leavers and new recruits, this can include personnel transferring to or from the Regular Forces, other Reserve populations, or Reserve re-joiners.

The total proportion of Intake against 12 month average strength for each Service in the 12 months ending 31 March 2024 are as follows:

The Maritime Reserve total Intake was 16.2 per cent, an increase of 6.4 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

The Army Reserve total Intake was 10.7 per cent, an increase of 0.7 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

The RAF Reserves total Intake was 17.7 per cent, an increase of 4.3 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

Figure 9: Total Proportion of Intake to the FR20 Reserves over rolling 12-month periods ending from 1 April 2019 - 31 March 2024 by Service

Intake proportions for all services have shown an upward trend since October 2022. Maritime, Army and RAF Intake proportions have all increased since last quarter.

The total proportion of Outflow against 12 month average strength for each Service in the 12 months ending 31 March 2024 are as follows:

The Maritime Reserve total Outflow was 20.6 per cent; an increase of 1.0 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

The Army Reserve total Outflow was 14.8 per cent; a decrease of 0.8 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

The RAF Reserves total Outflow was 21.3 per cent; an increase of 4.4 percentage points since the 12 months to 31 March 2023.

Figure 10: Total Proportion of Outflow from the FR20 Reserves over rolling 12-month periods ending from 1 April 2019 - 31 March 2024 by Service

The Outflow proportions in general have shown an increase since March 2021. Maritime, Army and RAF Outflow proportions have all decreased since last quarter.
Figure 11: Intake to and Outflow from the FR20 Reserves over rolling 12-month periods ending from 1 April 2019 - 31 March 2024

For all three reserve services combined, outflow is currently higher than intake for the latest 12 month period.

Separated Service

Separated Service concerns personnel who are serving away from their usual place of duty or are unable to enjoy leisure at their normal place of duty or residence at place of duty.

Individual Harmony is the freedom to enjoy leisure at the normal place of duty or residence at place of duty; this includes leave and adventurous Training.

Separated service measures absence from normal place of duty. The time an individual experiences separated service is compared against each Service's "Individual Harmony" guidelines to ensure a balance between duty and leisure for all Service personnel.

A breach of individual harmony guidelines occurs when Service personnel experience separated service for longer than the period outlined in individual harmony guidelines, which are based on the structures and organisation of that Service. The guidelines are measured over a 36 month period and the limits are:

660 days away for the RN/RM

498 days away for the Army

498 days away for the RAF (was 468 days prior to 1 April 2021)

Using 1 January 2024 as an example, the formula for the breach rate is as follows:

1. Count the number of Trained/Trade Trained UK Regular personnel breaching in the 36 months ending to 31 December. 2023

2. Divide this by the Trained UK Regular Strength as at 1 January 2024.

The percentage breaching harmony has increased for the RN/RM (0.5 per cent) and the Army (1.5 per cent) and remained stable for the RAF (0.3 per cent) at 1 January 2024 compared to the previous quarter.

Separated service data can be found in Table 10 of the accompanying, Excel tables.
Figure 12: Percentage of UK Regular Forces breaching harmony (1 January 2014 - 31 December 2023)

Applications to the Armed Forces

The figures in this publication include applications to the UK Regular and Volunteer Reserve Forces. They are broken down by Service, and by Officers and Other Ranks.

Whilst application counts for each service are based on online applications submitted by an individual and accepted by the service's applications system, work is ongoing to verify that application processes and definitions are consistent and we would recommend that numbers should not be aggregated to show Armed Forces totals (hence separate tables and graphs are provided).

The number of applications received does not directly relate to Intake figures, since:

Figures relate to the number of applications received and not the number of applicants, as one applicant may submit several applications;

For successful applicants who accept an offer to join the Services, there is a substantial processing time between their application being received and the applicant joining the Services. Therefore, the Intake figures for Dec 19 are not comparable with the number of applications received in Dec 19 as the numbers apply to different cohorts of people;

Applications will not result in Intake if, for example, they are withdrawn by the applicant during the recruitment process, rejected by the Services, or if an offer to join the Services is declined by the applicant. See below for further information.

There is a break in the time series between 30 September 2017 and 30 June 2019 due to the change in recruiting systems from the Training Administration and Financial Management Information System (TAFMIS) to DRS and due to the need to ensure consistency of the start date for reintroduced data between the single Services.

For Royal Navy and RAF, DRS closed in December 2021, the change over to the new application system (RITS) resulted in a loss of the system for 10-12 weeks. For Navy, the change over to the new application system may have resulted in some applications being double counted. For RAF only the applications being taken forward were migrated to the new system, and therefore there is a break in the time series where data is unavailable. Army continue to use DRS, however experienced a temporary loss of the application system from mid-March 2022 to late May 2022, which resulted in 10 weeks of applications lost (Army estimates are between 10,000-15,000 applications) which, when set against the backdrop of the national economic picture and challenging recruiting market for the public-sector, has had a real impact upon the recruiting pipeline.

There is a reporting lag of one quarter meaning 31 December 2023 application data has been provided in this SPS edition.
Applications that do not result in Intake
The main causes of applicant failure (i.e. no offer to join the Services given) include:

Failing security clearance;

Failing the medical scrutiny;

Not having the required residency;

Not achieving fitness entry standards;

Not achieving the required recruiting test score for the desired branch/Trade;

Applicants withdraw for their own reasons (e.g. change of mind) during the process

The main causes of application failure (i.e. the applicant declines an offer to join):

Applicants may have submitted other applications for employment (including multiple applications to join the Armed Forces) and accept another offer;

Applications may be submitted with no intention to join (e.g. to satisfy the requirements of job seeking).

NOTE: Application numbers cannot be added together across the Services to show total Armed Forces applications due to differences in definitions. Figure 13: Applications to the RN/RM split by UK Regular Forces and Volunteer Reserves

Figures from 12 months ending 30 June 2019 onwards define an application as an online application submitted by an individual and accepted by Defence Recruitment System (DRS). The number of applications to the RN/RM Regular Forces in the 12 months to 31 Dec 2023 was 26,650, a decrease of 8.0 per cent compared to the 12 months to 31 Dec 2022 (28,960). Over the same period, applications to the Volunteer Reserves have increased from 2,460 to 2,660 (8.0 per cent).
Figure 14: Applications to the Army split by UK Regular Forces and Volunteer Reserves

Figures from 12 months ending 30 June 2019 onwards define an application as an online application submitted by an individual and accepted by Defence Recruitment System (DRS). The number of applications to the British Army Regular Forces in the 12 months to 31 Dec 2023 was 96,050, an increase of 58.2 per cent compared to the 12 months to 31 Dec 2022 (60,720). Over the same period, applications to the Volunteer Reserves have increased from 21,000 to 21,510 (2.4 per cent). Commonwealth Applicants are included in the number of applications. The Commonwealth entry numbers are closely controlled. Applications may be refused if no Commonwealth headroom is available. These applicants will then be withdrawn from the pipeline but the application number will still be counted in the overall volume of applications received.
Figure 15: Applications to the RAF split by UK Regular Forces and Volunteer Reserves

Note RAF application figures between 31 March 2022 to 31 December 2022 are unavailable. The RITS system was unavailable for online applications for the period 26 September to 4 October 2023, due to system updates.

The increase in RAF applications since the introduction of DRS is due to the previous recruitment system having a separate frontend, this was used to assist the initial application processing team in filtering out RAF ineligible applications and non-productive enquiries prior to an official application being recorded. The number of applications to the RAF Regular Forces in the 12 months to 31 Dec 2023 was 34,870, an increase of 30.8 per cent compared to the 12 months to 31 March 2023 (26,660). Over the same period, applications to the Volunteer Reserves have increased from 3,980 to 4,190 (5.2 per cent).

Further Information

Rounding

Apart from the Applications section, all figures in this publication have been rounded to the nearest 10, though numbers ending in a "5" have been rounded to the nearest multiple of 20 to prevent the systematic bias caused by always rounding numbers upwards. For example; a value of "25" would be rounded down to "20" and a value of "15" would be rounded up to "20". Additionally, totals and sub-totals are rounded separately and so may not equal the sums of their rounded parts.

Percentages are calculated from unrounded data and presented to one decimal place.

Due to percentages being rounded to one decimal place, sub-totals don't always add up to 100%.

The MOD Disclosure Control and Rounding policy is published on GOV.UK and we have applied this policy to the statistics in the accompanying Excel tables. The policy is available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/defence-statistics-policies.

Revisions

In table 8a and 8d, revisions to the RAF Regular Reserves figures have been made, due to a change in the data delivery for RAF Regular Reservists.

In Table 9c, Applications to the Royal Air Force, figures for applications in the 12 months ending 30 Sep 2023 have been revised, due to an input error. The previously published RAF applications figure was approximately 10% higher.

In Table 13, small revisions to the Civilian figures (of less than 3 personnel) have been made to April points in years 2019 and 2020 due to continuous historical reviews of Civilian data to improve the quality of outputs.

Symbols

Analysis Tri-Service welcome feedback on our statistical products. If you have any comments or questions about this publication or about our statistics in general, you can contact us as follows:

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Email: Analysis-Tri-Service@mod.gov.uk

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Quarterly service personnel statistics 1 April 2024

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This publication provides information on the number of Military Personnel (defined as the Strength), joining (Intake) and leaving (Outflow) the UK Armed Forces. Detail is provided for both the Full-Time Armed Forces (AF) and Reserves. Further statistics can be found in the Excel tables.

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Origin: Anterior part of the popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line
Action: Rotates knee medially and flexes the leg on the thigh
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery and muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Anterior part of the popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line Action: Rotates knee medially and flexes the leg on the thigh Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply: Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery and muscular branch of posterior tibial artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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Origin: Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur
Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to Achilles tendon
Action: Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: Sural arteries

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to Achilles tendon Action: Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply: Sural arteries The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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In Text - (Ministry of Defence, 2024)

Ref list:

Ministry of Defence (2024) Musculoskeletal Injury Health Needs Assessment May 2024. Available at (insert link) [Accessed 6 August 2024]

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Origin: Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other
Innervation: Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus
Arterial Supply: Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5 Insertion: Lesser trochanter Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other Innervation: Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus Arterial Supply: Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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Origin: Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa of ilium, internal lip of iliac crest, lateral aspect of sacrum, ventral sacroiliac ligament, and lower portion of iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other
Innervation: Muscular branch of femoral nerve
Arterial Supply: Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa of ilium, internal lip of iliac crest, lateral aspect of sacrum, ventral sacroiliac ligament, and lower portion of iliolumbar ligament Insertion: Lesser trochanter Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other Innervation: Muscular branch of femoral nerve Arterial Supply: Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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The tensor fasciae latae muscle belongs to the group of gluteal muscles and it can be easily palpated. Learn the anatomy of this muscle now at Kenhub!

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Psoas Major Anatomy: Origin, Insertion and Action

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Iliacus Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action

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Psoas Major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the sides of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. Psoas is involved in various activities of daily living like running, dancing, sitting, walking, as it is the primary connector between trunk and lower limbs.Movement at pelvis could cause changes at the lumbar spine, thereby altering the line of pull of the psoas muscle. Thus, it helps in stabilising the spine and maintaining the posture.

The psoas muscles are made of both slow and fast twitch muscles fibres.The fibre type composition of the psoas major muscle indicates its dynamic and postural functions, which supports the fact that, it is the main flexor of the hip joint (dynamic function) and stabiliser of the lumbar spine, sacroiliac and hip joints (postural function). The cranial part of the psoas major muscle has a primarily postural role, whereas the caudal part of the muscle has a dynamic role.

The psoas muscle is anatomically considered to have superficial and deep parts owing to the presence of branches of the lumbar plexus running through it. Superficial part - overlies the lumbar plexus and takes origin from the sides of the T12 and L1 to L4 vertebrae including the intervening intervertebral discs. The deep part which lies mainly deep to the branches of the lumbar plexus takes origin from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5.

The fibres of the muscle converge from its wide origin as they descend on the posterior abdominal wall, They cross the pelvic inlet/brim to form a long tendon, which is joined within the pelvic region by multitudinous fibres from the iliacus muscle, finally inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Nerve Supply

Branches from the ventral rami of lumbar spinal nerves (L1, L2, and L3) before they join to form the lumbar plexus.

Blood Supply

The muscle receives blood from the four lumbar arteries from the aorta, from small branches of the renal arteries, from small muscular branches of the common iliac artery, and from the deep circumflex iliac artery.
Action

Flexion of the thigh at the hip

Minimal action in lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh

Stabilises the lumbar spine , maintains erect posture when working in reverse action.

Clinical Importance of Psoas Muscle:

Relatively the conditions that involve psoas muscles are less common. However, a number of conditions that occurs involving iliac and psoas muscles, which includes infectious (particularly psoas abscess), haemorrhage, neoplastic lesions and injuries that take place due to trauma and during surgical procedures.

Psoas Syndrome and Iliopsoas Tendinitis:

Psoas syndrome and iliopsoas tendinitis are less common musculoskeletal conditions therefore, they often go misdiagnosed. Clinically it presents symptoms like low back pain, pain in groin and pelvis, radiating pain towards knee; which halts the primary function of psoas muscle that is hip flexion (hence difficult walking) and to sustain fully erect posture. The condition is mostly found in acute/overuse injuries, more commonly sports specific like runners, athletic activities, plyometric and among ballet dancers. It is known as internal coxa saltans.

Prolong sitting and work which requires long sitting periods, tend to put psoas in shortened and tight position leading to psoas syndrome. Because they are major flexors, weak psoas muscles can cause many of the surrounding muscles to compensate and become overused. That is why a tight or overstretched psoas muscle could cause low back and pelvic pain. Iliopsoas tendinitis may also cause snapping hip syndrome which is characterised by pain and snap (click) in groin.

Moreover, restriction of diaphragm can also occur due to psoas dysfunction and psoas spasm can potentially cause more disability of back muscles than other pathologic condition. A tight psoas muscle can create a thrusting forward of the ribcage. This causes shallow, chest breathing, which limits the amount of oxygen taken in and encourages over usage of your neck muscles.

'Psoas, "the muscle of soul"

The unique location of psoas makes it the deepest core muscle of human body and the only muscle that connects trunk to lower limb. Therefore, it plays a key role in stability and balance of human body. The psoas muscles support internal organs and work like hydraulic pump allowing blood and lymph to be pushed in and out of the cells.It creates a muscular shelf on which the kidneys and adrenals rest. The movement of diaphragm, during breathing gently massages the psoas muscles and neighbouring organs,thereby stimulating blood circulation. But, when the psoas muscles become imbalanced, kidneys and adrenal glands also get affected, resulting into physical and emotional exhaustion.

So, psoas may seem like small muscle, but its pivotal role in walking, postural alignment, balance, flexibility, joint mobility and organ functioning, makes it, clinically important, during assessment and screening.

Related links

Psoas minor

References

1. Gray, Henry. Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia: Lea Febiger, 1918; Bartleby.com, 2000. www.bartleby.com/107/.

2. Sandy Sajko, Kent Stuber. Psoas Major: a case report and review of its anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical implications. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2009 Dec; 53(4): 311-318.

3. Tonolini M, Campari A, Bianco R. Common and Unusual Diseases Involving the Iliopsoas Muscle Compartment: spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 2012; 37(1).

4. Tufo A, Desai GJ, Cox WJ. Psoas syndrome: a frequently missed diagnosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Aug;112(8):522-8

5. Tufo A, Desai GJ, Cox WJ. Psoas syndrome: a frequently missed diagnosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Aug;112(8):522-8

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The psoas muscles are made of both slow and fast twitch muscles fibres.The fibre type composition of the psoas major muscle indicates its dynamic and postural functions, which supports the fact that, it is the main flexor of the hip joint (dynamic function) and stabiliser of the lumbar spine, sacroiliac and hip joints (postural function).

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The iliacus muscle is shaped like a triangle, flat and an exact fit of the iliac fossa — the curved surface of the largest pelvic bone. Together with the psoas major muscle, it is also called the iliopsoas muscle.A portion of this muscle is attached to the iliac fossa, two-thirds from its top. Another portion is attached to the inside portion of the iliac crest, the top, outer portion of the pelvic bone.Other fibers of this muscle are attached to the iliolumbar and anterior sacroiliac ligaments (located at the base portion of the sacrum) and up to the anterior iliac spines (bony projections that lie toward the edges of the iliac). These muscle fibers then converge and insert on the tendon at the lateral (outer) side of the psoas major muscle, which stretches from the lumbar spine in the lower back to the lower pelvis. Some of these fibers extend to the femur bone, or thighbone.[1]

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Origin: Anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe
Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion: Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, upper 2/3 - 3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface, upper part of interosseous membrane, fascia cruris, and anterior intermuscular septum
Insertion: Splits into 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum, each of which insert on dorsum of middle and distal phalanges as part of extensor expansion complex
Action: Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery

The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington. They may not be utilized, reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the University of Washington.

Receiving a license to use these images is generally quite easy, particularly for academic and scholarly purposes. For more information see the Musculoskeletal Atlas Express Licensing Page.

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Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, upper 2/3 - 3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface, upper part of interosseous membrane, fascia cruris, and anterior intermuscular septum Insertion: Splits into 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum, each of which insert on dorsum of middle and distal phalanges as part of extensor expansion complex Action: Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery The medical illustrations contained in this online atlas are copyrighted © 1997 by the University of Washington.

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Extensor Digitorum Longus - Actions - Attachments - TeachMeAnatomy

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The extensor digitorum longus is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is located lateral to the tibialis anterior.

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Tibialis Anterior - Attachments - Actions - TeachMeAnatomy

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The tibialis anterior is a muscle within the anterior compartment of the leg. It can be palpated just lateral to the shaft of the tibia.

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Extensor Hallucis Longus Musclepath (3d Animation)

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Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function

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Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function

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Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function | Kenhub

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Extensor Digitorum Longus Musclepath (3D Animation)

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The Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) is a thin muscle, situated between the Tibialis anterior and the Extensor Digitorum Longus in the anterior compartment of the lower leg. It provides the only active extension force to the interphalangeal joint and the primary active extension force to the metatarsophalangeal joint. It has a slightly smaller moment arm for dorsiflexion at the ankle than the anterior tibialis. It has a smaller physiological cross sectional area than either the anterior tibialis or the extensor digitorum longus.

From the middle two quarters of the anterior surface of fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane .

EHL passes deep to the extensor retinaculum before inserting at the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe .

Extends the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the big toe and assist in the in the inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle .

Anterior tibial artery.

Extensor digitorum longus, Tibialis anterior, Peroneus tertius.

Patient position : supine or sitting.

Test : extension of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the big toe.

Pressure : against dorsal surface of distal phalanges of the big toe in the direction of flexion.

EHL palpation starts at 4:37

In the paralysis of EHL , the action of EHB is dominant, the distal phalanx doesn't extend and the proximal phalanx extend in the direction of adduction.

Weakness of EHL decreases extension at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. As it is the only muscle for the extension of interphalangeal joint, decreased dorsiflexion of the great toe is diagnostic for EHL weakness.

During normal locomotion, an individual contacts the ground with the heel of the foot first. The ground reaction force applies a plantarflexion moment to the whole foot, which is resisted by all of the dorsiflexors. Weakness of the EHL diminishes an individual's ability to control the descent of the medial portion of the foot, particularly the great toe.

Patients with weakness of the extensor hallucis longus also report that the toe tends to fold under the foot when they are pulling on socks or shoes and can cause tripping.

Tightness of the EHL pulls the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe into extension, which, as in the fingers and thumb, tends to produce flexion at the interphalangeal joint, leading to a claw toe deformity.

Hyperextension of the great toe pulls the plantar plate distally, exposing the metatarsal head to excessive loads and producing pain. Similarly, hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint pulls the interphalangeal joint into the toe box of a shoe, causing pain and calluses, or corns, on the dorsal surface of the interphalangeal joint.

Claw Deformities of the toes :
Claw toe deformities in a foot with sensation are quite painful. Claw deformities in a foot without sensation put the individual at risk of skin breakdown as the result of increased pressure under the metatarsal heads and between the dorsal surfaces of the toes and the shoe.

EHL refers pain to the distal aspect of the 1st metatarsal and great toe, as well as the dorsum of the foot. It may reach up the leg as far as the point. These points are located just distal to the junction between the middle and distal thirds of the leg, just anterior to the ﬁbula. The patient may also complain of persistent dorsal foot pain.

1. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur A. Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2013.

2. http://thewellnessdigest.com/extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle-anatomy-origin-insertion-action/

3. Steven E.Jurch. clinical massage therapy: assessment and treatment of orthopedic conditions,2007.

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Top Contributors - Esraa Mohamed Abdullzaher, Patti Cavaleri, George Prudden, 127.0.0.1, WikiSysop, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Kim Jackson and Joao Costa

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Extensor Digitorum Longus - Actions - Attachments - TeachMeAnatomy

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The extensor digitorum longus is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg. It is located lateral to the tibialis anterior.

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Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle - Origins & Function - Human Anatomy

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Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle - Origins & Function - Human Anatomy

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Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle - Origins & Function - Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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Functions of the extensor hallucis longus muscle (preview) - 3D Human Anatomy | Kenhub

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General information

Extensor hallucis longus muscle is a thin muscle that belongs to the anterior leg compartment along with the extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior and fibularis tertius muscles.

Literal meaning

The long muscle that straightens the big toe.

Interesting information

The muscle acts across three of the foot joints: the talocrural, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Situated on the lateral aspect of the leg, it has smaller cross-sectional area than the anterior tibialis and extensor digitorum longus.

Origin

Middle third of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane.

Insertion

Base of distal phalanx of great toe.

Function

1st Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint: toe extension

Talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion.

Nerve supply

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1).

Blood supply

Anterior tibial artery.

Relevant research

The research recommends movement restriction followed by range of motion exercises after surgery for an extensor hallucis longus tendon repair. These exercises and splinting have been noted to limit scar formation and adhesions. End range movement of the tendons should be avoided for a minimum of a month to avoid re-injuring the tendon.

Wong, J. C., Daniel, J. N., & Raikin, S. M. (2014). Repair of acute extensor hallucis longus tendon injuries: a retrospective review. Foot & ankle specialist, 7(1), 45-51.

Extensor hallucis longus exercises

Strengthening:

Big toe extension band

Place a resistance band around the big toe and pull your toe in an upwards direction.

Stretching:

Big toe extension

Use your hand, to bend your big toe towards your body, upwards.

Start Your 14-Day Free Trial

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Extensor Hallucis Longus | Rehab My Patient

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General information Extensor hallucis longus muscle is a thin muscle that belongs to the anterior leg compartment along...

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Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function

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Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function

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Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function | Kenhub

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Tibialis Anterior - Attachments - Actions - TeachMeAnatomy

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The tibialis anterior is a muscle within the anterior compartment of the leg. It can be palpated just lateral to the shaft of the tibia.

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In this article, we help you understand the attachments, innervation, blood supply and function of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in no time.

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Tibialis Anterior Anatomy: Origin, Insertion and Action

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The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) is 1 of 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg. The other muscles in the anterior compartment include: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus (fibularis) tertius. EDL is the most lateral muscle in the anterior compartment.

Most of EDL arises from the anterior surface of the fibula, the upper part of anterior surface of the interosseus membrane, and the lateral tibial condyle.

The tendon of EDL passes under the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum at the anterior surface of the ankle joint before reaching it's distal insertion.

It divides into four slips that insert into the proximal and distal phalanges of the lateral four digits of the foot - digits 2-5.

The muscle is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve, a branch of the common peroneal nerve( L4, L5).

Anterior tibial artery

Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes the ankle.

Extensor digitorum longus tends to be overactive and tight to compensate for an inhibited tibialis anterior. Stretching and myofascial release of the muscle together with activation tibialis anterior is indicated to regain muscle balance and improve functional ankle dorsiflexion.

To assess the EDL, toes 2-5 are dorsiflexed against resistance.

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The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) is 1 of 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg. The other muscles in the anterior compartment include: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus (fibularis) tertius. EDL is the most lateral muscle in the anterior compartment[1].

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Piriformis Anatomy: Origin, Insertion & Action