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Does proximity to water affect biodiversity?

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Does the amount (volume) of water affect the number of seeds germinated?

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H0: The amount of water will not have an affect on the amount of seeds germinated

H1: The amount of water will have an affect on the amount of seeds germinated

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1. Place filter in Petri dishes

2. Measure & pour 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml of water respectively

3. Evenly place 10 seeds in each dish

4. Place dishes on the window sill for 72 hours

5. Record results

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The amount of water given affects the number of seeds germinated. Based on the evidence, one can conclude that the amount of water given affects the number of seeds germinated because when the amount of water given to the beans was changed, the amount of seeds that germinated changed. Additionally, water is crucial to a plant's germination process because water creates its energy source until it is able to photosynthesize, which is a lot later in the process. According to the data table, 5 ounces of water produced an average of 4 germinated beans, 10 ounces of water produced an average of 8.67 beans, 15 ounces of water produced an average of 8.5 beans, and 20 ounces of water produced an average of 8.5 beans. The difference between the amount of seeds germinated in 10 ounces of water versus 5 ounces of water is statistically significant. Additionally, according to the reading, water plays a very important role in the process of germination. It first softens the seed coat, which activates enzymes that speed up respiration. Additionally, the water provides dissolved oxygen to the seed, which provides energy for the seed to grow in a process called aerobic respiration.

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Does moisture affect the amount of isopods in each choice chamber?

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H0: The isopods will not show a preference for a choice chamber

H1: The isopods will show a preference for a choice chamber

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1. Place filters in Petri dishes

2. Pour water on one side of the choice chamber

3. Place five isopods on each side of the choice chamber

4. Record results for the amount of isopods on each side from one minute passing up to ten minutes

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The amount of water in an area did not affect the isopods' preference toward that choice chamber. According to the graph, there is an overlap in the error bars for the water and no water side. Based on this evidence, one can conclude that the isopods did not have a preference towards water or no water because there was no significant difference between the average amount of isopods in each chamber when taking into account the error bars.

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Does acidity affect the number of isopods in each choice chamber?

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H0: The isopods will not show a preference for either choice chamber

H1: The isopods will show a preference for a choice chamber

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1. Place filters in Petri dishes

2. Pour water on one side of the choice chamber and vinegar on the other side of the choice chamber

3. Place five isopods on each side of the choice chamber

4. Record results for the amount of isopods on each side from one minute passing up to ten minutes

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The amount of acidity caused the isopods to mostly avoid that area. According to the graph, the error bars do not overlap, and the pillbugs showed a preference for the choice chamber without the vinegar in it. Additionally, according to "How to Get Rid of Pill Bugs in Vegetable Gardens" from Humboldts Secret Supplies, pillbugs do not like vinegar, and the acidity of it will kill them. Based on this evidence, one can conclude that isopods avoid the vinegar from a survival perspective because if they didn't, the acidity would kill them.

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Does fertilizer affect duckweed's growth?

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H0: The duckweed's growth will not change.

H1: The duckweed's growth will increase or decrease.

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1. Gather five cups and label them 0, 5, 10, and 15.

2. Place duckweed in each of the cups.

3. Pour the 0 drops, 5 drops, 10 drops, and 15 drops concentration of fertilizer into each of the cups, respectively.

4. Record how many duckweed are in each cup, and repeat for every day for 8 days.

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Fertilizer increases duckweed growth because the fertilizer contains nitrates and phosphates. In the data table, 0 drops of fertilizer increased from 10 duckweed to 12, and 15 drops increased from 10 to 35. Additionally, nitrates and phosphates aid in the creation of DNA, and develop root systems. Based on this evidence, one can conclude that fertilizer increases duckweed growth because the nitrates and phosphates in the fertilizer aid in the creation of the essential components that make up the duckweed.

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H0: Biodiversity will have no change throughout the categories

H1: Biodiversity will increase or decrease with their proximity to water

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1. Set up fly trap-like sheets near the hill, marsh, and bridge.

2. After a few days, collect the sheets.

3. Record how many different species and how many of each using a bug-identifying app.

4. Calculate the biodiversity of each area using the Simpson's diversity index.

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Does light affect CO2 levels in a container of spinach?

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H0: The CO2 levels will not change.

H1: The CO2 levels will either increase or decrease.

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1. Place 20 spinach leaves in the container.

2. Place the CO2 measuring device into the opening of the container.

3. Open the website and connect the CO2 measuring device to the Chromebook.

4. Calibrate the CO2 measuring device.

5. Record the starting CO2 level.

6. Place the container and CO2 measuring device in sunlight.

7. Subtract the starting CO2 level from the ending CO2 level to get the change in CO2.

8. Repeat this process with tinfoil on the outside of the container.

9. Wait for 5 minutes, then record the end CO2 level.

10. For the control groups, leave out the spinach from the containers.

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Light affects the amount of CO2 in a container of spinach because of photosynthesis. According to the data table, the leaves in light experienced an average CO2 change of -422, and the leaves in the dark experienced an average CO2 change of 723. The process of photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere. Therefore, light affects the amount of CO2 in a container of spinach because of photosynthesis because photosynthesis requires sunlight, so when there isn't any sunlight, photosynthesis isn't able to be performed, and the CO2 isn't able to be removed from the environment.

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Does germination affect the rate of respiration?

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H0: The rate of respiration will not change.

H1: The rate of respiration will increase or decrease.

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1. Place 25 dormant seeds into the container

2. Measure the initial CO2 value

3. Wait for 480 seconds

4. Record the final CO2 value

5. Subtract the final from the initial CO2 value to get the change in CO2

6. Repeat this process with the germinated seeds

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Yellow: Germinating Seeds                                                                                       Blue: Dormant Seeds

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Germination increases the rate of respiration because of aerobic cellular respiration. In the data table, it states that the change in CO2 amount for the germinated seeds is 143, and the change in CO2 amount for the dormant seeds is -106. Additionally, the process of aerobic cellular respiration that the germinating seeds go through turns oxygen and glucose into CO2 and H2O. Based on this evidence, one can conclude that germination increases the rate of respiration because when plants germinate, they go through aerobic cellular respiration, which produces more CO2.

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Proximity to water increases the biodiversity of insects because water is important for the growth of many insects. According to the data table on each of the three locations' Simpson's diversity index, the hill had 0.46, the marsh had 0.75, and the bridge had 0.55. Additionally, many bugs lay their eggs on the surface of the water. Therefore, proximity to water increases the biodiversity of insects because water is important for the growth of many insects, as shown by how they lay their eggs on the surface of the water. This means that all of the species that only lay their eggs on the water live near the water, which means that the areas closer to water have more biodiversity.

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Does the concentration of sucrose affect the change in mass of a potato?

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H0: The potato's mass will not change.

H1: The potato's mass will increase or decrease.

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1. Pour the correct concentration of sugar water into the labeled cups for 0 percent, 20 percent, 40 percent, 60 percent, and 80 percent.

2. Cut out three cylinders of potato for each cup.

3. Weigh three potatoes, record their weight, place them in a cup with only sugar water in it, and then repeat for the rest of the cups.

4. Wait a day, then take the potatoes out of their cups, dry them, and weigh them.

5. Make sure each group of three potatoes is weighed and recorded for their correct cup.

6. Calculate the percent change between the starting and ending weights of the potatoes.

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The concentration of sucrose increases the change in mass of the potato once the concentration of sugar in the water is greater than the concentration of the sugar in the potato because of osmosis. According to Data Table 2, the average percent of mass change for the 20 percent sucrose water was 8.5, and the average percent of mass change for the 40 percent sucrose water was -15.8. Based on this evidence, and one's previous knowledge on osmosis, one can conclude that