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In this exhibition, I will cover the different kinds of jewelry in ancient times. Three different cultures will be shown, and I will explain the significance and reasoning behind their styles. Furthermore, jewelry is a big part of understanding culture, and we get to see the shabby chic style and make connections to modern-day jewelry. Some cultures use specific materials that were available to them, and because of this, they each have different techniques for making their jewelry. I will cover why their artwork is either geometrical or symbolic: because ancient civilizations had different values and, because of this, they predicted different aspects of their lives. In modern times, we use jewelry to symbolize religion or to impress. I believe there is a deeper meaning in these different works. Evolution has changed the way jewelry is made, and some jewelry is artificial, as back then everything was organic and naturally made from the earth.

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Byzantine

ca. 1080–1150

It is thought that temple pendants hung from the wearer's hair or headwear, near the temple or face. A piece of scented cloth would have been inserted into the hollow interior of the pendant and removed using the tiny stick.

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Segall, Berta, and Benaki Museum. Katalog der Goldschmiede-Arbeiten. Athens: Druckerei "Pyrsos", 1938.

Ross, Marvin C. "An Emperor's gift and Notes on Byzantine Silver Jewlery of the Middle Period." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 19/20 (1956). pp.22-33.

Ferté, Coche de la. Collection Hélène Stathatos: Les objets byzantins et post-byzantins. Vol. 2. Limoges: Impr. A. Bontemps, 1957. p. 22.

Hill, Dorothy Kent. "To Perfume The Etruscans and Latins." Archaeology: A Magazine Dealing with the Antiquity of the World, Archaeology Magazine, 18, no. 3 (September 1965). pp. 187-189.

Volbach, W. F. "La Pala d'Oro." In Il Tesoro di San Marco. Vol. 1. Florence: Sansoni, 1965-71. p. 17, fig. XII-XVI.

Bank, Alisa. Byzantine Art in the Collections of the USSR. Leningrad and Moscow: Sovietsky Khudozhnik, 1966.

Brown, Katharine R. "Russo-Byzantine Jewelry in the Metropolitan Museum of Art." Apollo Magazine 111, no. 215 (January 1980). pp. 6-9, 10-15, fig. 1-6, 10-15.

Steenbock, Frauke. Studien zum europäischen Kunsthandwerk: Zeitschrift Yvonne Hackenbroch, edited by Jörg Rasmussen. Munich: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1983. pp. 25-33.

Derlemenko, Evgenia Anatolevichcha. Medieval cloisonné enamels at Georgian State Museum of Fine Arts. Georgia (country): Victor Kamkin, 1984. pp. 141, 143.

Deppert-Lippitz, Barbara, and Julius Asfalg. Early Christian & Byzantine Art: Textiles, metalwork, frescoes, manuscripts, jewellery, steatites, stone sculptures, tiles, pottery, bronzes, amulets, coins and other items from the fourth to the fourteenth centuries, edited by Richard Temple. London and Shaftesbury, Dorset: Temple Gallery, 1990. no. 11, pp. 18, 56-57, ill. p. 18.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "One Hundred Twenty-First Annual Report of the Trustees for the Fiscal Year July 1, 1990, through June 30, 1991." Annual Report of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 121 (1991). p. 35.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Recent Acquisitions: A Selection, 1990-1991." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., 49, no. 2 (Fall 1991). p.15.

Griffin, Patricia S. "Jewellery from Kiev." Jewellery studies 6 (1993). pp. 5-17, fig. 20.

Wixom, William. "Two Cloisonne Enamel Pendants: The New York Temple Pendant and the Cleveland Enkolpion." In Byzantine East, Latin West: Art-Historical Studies in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann, edited by Christopher Moss, and Katherine Kiefer. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 1995. pp. 659-65, fig. 1, 2.

Evans, Helen C., and William D. Wixom, ed. The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997. no. 170, pp. 246-7.

Wixom, William D., ed. Mirror of the Medieval World. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999. no. 103, pp. 88-89.

Evans, Helen C., Melanie Holcomb, and Robert Hallman. "The Arts of Byzantium." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., 58, no. 4 (Spring 2001). pp. 54-55.

Bosselmann-Ruickbie, Antje. Byzantinischer Schmuck des 9. bis frühen 13. Jahrhunderts. Reihne B, Studien und Perspektiven, Vol. 28. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2011. pp. 138, 395, fig. 128a, b.

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Temple Pendant and Stick | Byzantine | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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Segall, Berta, and Benaki Museum. Katalog der Goldschmiede-Arbeiten. Athens: Druckerei "Pyrsos", 1938. Ross, Marvin C. "An Emperor's gift and Notes on Byzantine Silver Jewlery of the Middle Period." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 19/20 (1956). pp.22-33. Ferté, Coche de la. Collection Hélène Stathatos: Les objets byzantins et post-byzantins. Vol.

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Pendant with the Coronation of the Virgin

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Pendant with the Coronation of the Virgin

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North French or Netherlandish

early 15th century
From around 1400, beautiful devotional jewelry with delicate openwork carvings like this pendant gained popularity.

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Title: Pendant with the Coronation of the Virgin

Date: early 15th century

Culture: North French or Netherlandish

Medium: Ivory mounted behind rock crystal in gold mount

Dimensions: Overall: 1 3/8 x 13/16 x 1/4 in. (3.5 x 2.1 x 0.7 cm)

Classification: Ivories

Credit Line: Purchase, Andrew Butterfield and Claire Schiffman, Stephen K. Scher, and Scher Charitable Trust Gifts, 2012

Accession Number: 2012.255

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Pendant with the Coronation of the Virgin | North French or Netherlandish | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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Title: Pendant with the Coronation of the Virgin Date: early 15th century Culture: North French or Netherlandish Medium: Ivory mounted behind rock crystal in gold mount Dimensions: Overall: 1 3/8 x 13/16 x 1/4 in. (3.5 x 2.1 x 0.7 cm) Classification: Ivories Credit Line: Purchase, Andrew Butterfield and Claire Schiffman, Stephen K.

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3rd–12th century
Symbols and an invocation for the wearer's protection were frequently added in this common bracelet design.

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Geography: Attributed to Egypt, Erment or Medinet Habu

Dimensions: H. 1 1/6 in. (2.7 cm)
W. 3 3/8 in. (8.6 cm)
D. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)
Wt. 0.8 oz. (22.7 g)

Classification: Jewelry

Credit Line: Gift of Lily S. Place, 1923

Accession Number: 23.6.31

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Bracelet | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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Geography: Attributed to Egypt, Erment or Medinet Habu Dimensions: H. 1 1/6 in. (2.7 cm)W. 3 3/8 in. (8.6 cm)D. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)Wt. 0.8 oz. (22.7 g) Classification: Jewelry Credit Line: Gift of Lily S. Place, 1923 Accession Number: 23.6.31