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Give your own personal opinions, suggestions/ look to the future (where applicable) 

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Give your own personal opinions, suggestions/ look to the future (where applicable) 

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I think that it is cruel and i feel extremely sympathetic for these animals that lack good living conditions especially holding them captive for the sake of profiting for example zoos. For example, Singapore buying pandas from china, THE Singapore Zoo and Night Safari have made millions of dollars in profits over the past three years, according to their financial records.

From the mistreatment from the zoo staff to their lack of nutritious meals,

I think zoos are beneficial towards animals if the animals are taken care of properly, like feeding them sufficiently, providing nutritional meals and overall prioritising the animals needs. In response to situations where animals are being mistreated in zoos, I feel that more awareness needs to be spread about the importance of their lives  , enough to pressurise zoos to further enforce their employees to put more effort into maintaining the well being of their animals.

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Show awareness of societal trends/ current affairs  

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Show awareness of societal trends/ current affairs  

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In a recent study, it was shown that Captive-bred lions and other carnivores, for example, have differing skull bone shapes and weaker bite force, likely due to a diet of ground meat. In captivity, monarch butterflies, whose migrations normally span thousands of kilometres, lose their migratory tendency, are unable to orient south, and have different wing shape and weaker grip strength due to their captivity.

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/nov/21/animals-bred-in-captivity-develop-physical-changes-that-may-hinder-survival-in-the-wild-research-finds

Species can become extinct when humans over hunt and over fish, pollute the environment, destroy habitats , and introduce new species to areas. Factories can pollute the air and the oceans. The report estimates that dozens of species are going extinct every day, with as many as 30 to 50 percent of all species going extinct by 2050. Breeding programs help preserve genetic biodiversity and help reintroduce critically endangered species into the wild. Having animals in protection provides a reservoir against a population crash in the wild. Zoos have helped remove animals from the endangered species list and have saved many from extinction.

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Animals bred in captivity experience significant physical and behavioural changes that may disadvantage their survival chances once released into the wild, a wide-ranging research review has found.

Analysis from the Australian National University shows "captive environments drastically alter selection pressures on animals", with documented differences in many species.

The ANU's Dr Dejan Stojanovic, a study co-author, said that "seemingly isolated examples of major changes to animal phenotypes" were part of a trend that had gone unnoticed for decades. "It's a global thing that affects everything from butterflies through to elephants," he said.

The review drew together existing international and Australian research. Captive-bred lions and other carnivores, for example, have differing skull bone shapes and weaker bite force, likely due to a diet of ground meat. In captivity, monarch butterflies, whose migrations normally span thousands of kilometres, lose their migratory tendency, are unable to orient south, and have different wing shape and weaker grip strength.

Australian examples included:

The critically endangered orange-bellied parrot, whose wing shape has changed in captivity.

Male regent honeyeaters - also critically endangered - whose songs are shorter and less complex when captive-bred, making them less attractive to mates when released.

Northern quolls - which are endangered - that lost their aversion to predators within 13 generations (roughly 13 years) of being introduced to a predator-free offshore island.

Stojanovic, who has studied the conservation and breeding biology of orange-bellied parrots for years, said captive birds had less pointed and shorter wings. "That shape is less suited to migration."

Orange-bellied parrots are highly dependent on captive breeding. "Wild birds are fully mixed with the captive birds genetically," Stojanovic said. He and his collaborators are now investigating whether the changes in wing shape are linked to high mortality rates seen when the parrots migrate between Tasmania and the Australian mainland.

The review's authors pointed to the success of "adaptive management", an iterative process Stojanovic described as "learning by doing, where every effort should be treated as a mini-experiment with a long-term aim in mind".

He cited lessons learned from earlier efforts in parrot conservation. "Between 1999 and 2009, 423 orange-bellied parrots were released at Birch's Inlet near Strahan in western Tasmania, and all of them died," Stojanovic said.

"In the subsequent years approaches have been adapted and ... here we are [now] with the largest population in the wild of orange-bellied parrots that there's been in a really long time - with a clear positive contribution from the captive populations."

Dr Ben Pitcher, a behavioural biologist at the Taronga Conservation Society who was not involved in the review, said it reflected discussions already under way in the field of conservation breeding.

"If we could avoid having to do a breeding program in the first place, we would," Pitcher said. "The most successful and cost-effective method is to do early intervention so that a species never gets to the point where [it needs] reintroducing."

Dr Marissa Parrott, a reproductive biologist at Zoos Victoria said captive breeding was now an essential tool.

"The IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] recommends more than 2,000 species globally will need captive-breeding programs to not become extinct," she said.

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The eastern barred bandicoot was reclassified from 'extinct in the wild' to 'endangered' after a decades-long breeding program. Photograph: Zoos Victoria/AFP/Getty Images

Parrott cited Zoos Victoria's decades-long eastern barred bandicoot program - which involved genotyping animals, and predator recognition and avoidance training - as a successful example of adaptive management. Last year, the species was reclassified from "extinct in the wild" to "endangered" - the first time such a status change has occurred in Australia.

"Our captive-breeding program, which we've had for 33 years, could be shut down," she said.

Scientific advancements over the past few decades had resulted in conservation efforts that better approximated the wild environment and biology of a species, Parrott said. As an example, research she co-authored found that wild and captive Tasmanian devils had similar patterns of tooth wear, albeit at slightly different rates.

Pitcher, who has worked on regent honeyeater conservation efforts, says the program is combating song loss in captive-bred honeyeaters by playing them recorded songs sung by wild birds. "We've got a group of tutored zoo-raised birds that are singing pretty well, and we're hoping that they might be able to become tutors for the next generation."

"The thing we've got to remember when we're releasing these animals is there's a reason they're not in the environment," Pitcher said. "The No 1 challenge for any reintroduction program is addressing those key threatening processes in the wild," he added, citing invasive predators as an example.

Eric Woehler, convener of BirdLife Tasmania, added that habitat loss and fragmentation have been the primary drivers of biodiversity loss in Australia for almost half a century.

"It's pretty clear that as we are facing an ever increasing extinction crisis ... we need to come up with new methods to protect what we have left," he said. "Captive-breeding programs must be one component of a repertoire of methods that we have available to us."

The ANU analysis was published in the journal Biological Reviews.

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Animals bred in captivity develop physical changes that may hinder survival in the wild, research finds

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Animals bred in captivity experience significant physical and behavioural changes that may disadvantage their survival chances once released into the wild, a wide-ranging research review has found. Analysis from the Australian National University shows "captive environments drastically alter selection pressures on animals", with documented differences in many species.

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Supported with personal experiences/ observations 

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Supported with personal experiences/ observations 

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Holding animals captive in the zoo to profit makes them lack freedom and may be treated harshly. For example, i read that the Giza zoo in egypt has harsh, cramped living conditions and refuse to exercise the captive animals.
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I remember going to adventure cove with my parents and being excited to interact with the dolphins. However, upon the sight of visitors manhandling and abusing the dolphins like kicking them and laughing, made me feel sick and pitiful towards the dolphins. Moreover, walking pass the smelly feces covered claustrophobic enclosures  of some animals in the zoo made me feel sad for their situation as they would be happier in the wild.
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An example of this is The Singapore Zoo, which is famous for its world-leading free-ranging orangutan exhibit and dedicates special attention to threatened primates and threatened southeast Asian chelonians. Active in national and regional conservation projects, Singapore Zoo is also one of the country's designated centres for rescued wildlife.

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Point: What is your stand in response to the question? 

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Point: What is your stand in response to the question? 

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Unkempt
Conducive, adverse effects on growth
Against morals, unethical

I agree with that it is wrong however, there are exceptions such as keeping domesticated animals as pets and injured animals at shelters for safety.

Animals should have the freedom and ability to live in their natural habitat that does not harm them. However, keeping pets can give them a new life for example, SPCA and adopting pets .

Keeping animals in captivity like in zoos for example, ensures the animals’ safety and well-being especially if it is endangered, keeping animals in zoos secures a animals life span to its furthest extent if the zoos are taking care of them properly.

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Aleyna
Chiara
Raeanne
Maxine