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Emperor Claudius invades England

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Milton Keynes covered by warm tropical sea  containing creatures such as the Ichthyosaur.

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Flying Puffin, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

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Most of area covered by ice but with intermittent warmer periods

Flint hand-axes from this period found redeposited in river gravels

Mammoth, horse and vole living around meadow pond in Stoke Goldington

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The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

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Hunter-gatherers follow livestock along the fertile Ouse and Ouzel river valleys leaving behind a scattering of flint tools

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Aerial view of Willen Lake construction (Living Archive Milton Keynes)

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Straight-toothed mammoth drowns at Willen (the fossil, kept at the Milton Keynes City Discovery Centre, was discovered in 1970 during construction of Willen Lake)

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Stonehenge built

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Early farmers clear woodland and settle in river valleys – sites at Broughton, Heelands, Stacey Bushes and Secklow (City Centre)

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Human settlement begins around Blue Bridge/Bancroft, the Shenley and Bradwell Brooks (now Loughton Valley Linear Park)

Tribal chieftain buried in substantial earth mound with remains of around 300 cattle in Ouse valley near Gayhurst

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Remains of the dead often buried under barrows

Clusters of barrows constructed close to river at the northern end of Newport Pagnell, and Tyringham

Large circular timber round-house, one of the largest in Britain, built near Blue Bridge, Wolverton

Hoard of gold torcs buried in large pottery vessel

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Wavendon Gate. A late iron age and Roman settlement. Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, 1995.

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At Furzton the settlement had a predominantly cattle based economy with large rectangular ditched enclosures and droveways Hillfort enclosed by ditch constructed in prominent position above Wavendon with views to the west Large area of land used for agriculture with small settlements of timber built roundhouses.

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Grain store caught fire near Calverton Lane, local residents were hungry that winter.

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Julius Caesar first lands in England.

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Julius Caesar lands in England again but leaves after several months

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my work, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

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Watling Street constructed

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Revolt against the Romans by Queen Boudicca.

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After destroying Verulamium (St Alban’s) Queen Boudicca’s forces march along Watling Street, through the Milton Keynes area to her final battle

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Fort for Legions built at Magiovinium (near present-day Fenny Stratford)

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Eruption of Versuvius destroys Pompei

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Hadrian orders wall to be constructed at the northern boundary of Roman Britain .

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Bancroft Roman Villa built. Villas also built at Gayhurst, Lavendon, Stantonbury and Haversham

Bancroft: A late bronze and iron age settlement, Roman villa and temple mausoleum Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, 1994

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Bancroft Villa destroyed by fire

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New villa built over ruins of old one at Bancroft .

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Bancroft archaeology; Unknown; 12.1982; IMA/CA/5991 on eHive

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Bancroft Roman Villa had an impressive walled garden with a stone built fishpond. (The fishpond and villa outline can be seen at North Loughton Valley Park.)

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Romans withdraw troops from Britain

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Bancroft Roman Villa abandoned

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Anglo-Saxon settlement built at Pennylands

Pennyland and Hartigans: Two Iron Age and Saxon sites in Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, 1993

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Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at London Road Newport Pagnell with high status burials and grave goods such as ornate glass vessels

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St Augustus arrives in England with monks from Rome

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Birinus comes from Rome and becomes Bishop of Wessex

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Council of Whitby favours Roman church over Celtic

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Area divided into manors, later becoming parishes, using rivers and trackways such as Watling Street as boundaries

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Offa becomes King of Mercia.

Vikings on ascendancy against native Saxons

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King Offa annexes East Anglia

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Winslow, Little Horwood and part of Whaddon Chase part of King Offas’s endowment of St Alban’s Abbey.

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Death of King Offa

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Danes invade Britain

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Egbert crowned King of Wessex

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North Bucks on boundary between Danish Mercia and English Saxon Wessex

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Egbert wins decisive battle against Mercia at Ellandun

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North Bucks regained by Wessex

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Birth of Alfred the Great

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Danish army lands in East Anglia

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Danes capture York

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East Anglia conquered by Danes

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Alfred the Great becomes King of Wessex

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Peace of Wedmore division of Britain between Vikings to North West under ‘Danelaw’ and Guthrum and Wessex under Alfred

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Boundary passes along Watling Street north of Old Stratford and River Ouse towards Bedford. (Milton Keynes is just inside Wessex but Old Stratford and Olney under Danelaw)

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Hel-hama, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

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Burghal Hidage lists 30 defended towns in southern England  including Oxford and Buckingham

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Alfred dies succeeded by his son Edward

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Wars with Danes begin again

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Secklow Hundred meeting mound, after landscaping. Milton Keynes Archaeology Unit.

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Edward fortifies Buckingham

Secklow Mound (behind Library in CMK) a meeting place for the hundred – a military and taxation area

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Danes in Bedford accept Edward as King

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Edward takes control of Mercia

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Essex, East Anglia and Danish Mercia acknowledge Edward as King

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Edward camps at Passenham and orders rebuilding of Towcester the town being attacked by Danes

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Market established at Newport Pagnell

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Renewed Danish attacks

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An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Buckinghamshire, Volume 2, North. HMSO, 1913.

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Tower of church of St Michael built at Lavendon

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English massacre of Danes on the mass day of St Brice

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Danish settlements at Castlethorpe, Newport Pagnell, Haversham, Simpson, Lathbury, Olney, Woolstone and Ravenstone attacked

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Danes respond with attacks

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Danish attacks recorded at Newport Pagnell and Buckingham

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Danish King Sewyn lays waste to area on march to Oxford

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Start of Canute’s reign of Wessex

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Date of the most recent coin from 5000 coin hoard found at Lenborough, near Buckingham, in 2014. 12 of the coins were minted at Buckingham.

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Death of Harold – Hardicanute becomes King

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Death of Hardicanute – Edward-the-Confessor becomes King

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Death of Edward – Harold becomes King.

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Norman invasion - William I becomes King

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Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville brings 30 ships from Normandy and is given much of what is now Milton Keynes

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Bletchley and Simpson held by Bishop of Coutances

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Domesday Survey records ownership and value of land throughout England

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Village of Milton Keynes (then Middleton) recorded in the Domesday Book as belonging to the King. Others included are Broughton 'Bertone', Calverton 'Calvretone', Great Linford 'Linforde', Loughton 'Lochintone', Newport Pagnell 'Neuport', Newton Longville 'Nevtone', Shenley 'Senelai', Simpson 'Siwinestone', Woughton 'Ulchetone', Walton 'Waletone', Wolverton 'Wluerintone' and Woolstone 'Wlsiestone'. 53 households recorded at Water Eaton.

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William II becomes King

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Water Eaton and Bletchley given to Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham.

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First Crusade – War between Turkish Empire and Christians over Jerusalem

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Norman invasion of Wales – construction of castles in Wales begins

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Coronation of King Henry I who marries Matilda a descendant of Ethelred the Unready uniting Saxon and Norman dynasties.

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Grafton Regis granted to the Abbey of Grestain in Normandy

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Foundation of Newton Longville Priory

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Scroll left or right to go backwards or forwards in time

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Scroll left or right to go backwards or forwards in time

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Shown with a pale yellow background.

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Shown with a white background.

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Establishment of local courts

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Rebellion in Wales

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Coronation of King Stephen

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Bradwell Abbey, a Benedictine priory founded.