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Karl Marx was influenced by several thinkers, including Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, whose philosophy emphasized the importance of historical development, and Ludwig Feuerbach, who argued for a materialist interpretation of the world. Marx also collaborated with Friedrich Engels, and together they developed their ideas on socialism, communism, and the critique of capitalism. Engels contributed significantly to Marx's work, particularly in their joint writing of "The Communist Manifesto."

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problems. He also believed that the history of society was the history of class struggle, and that the proletariat, or the working class, would eventually overthrow the bourgeoisie, or the capitalist class, leading to a classless society.

Marx's ideas have had a significant impact on modern history, particularly in the development of socialism and communism as political movements. His critique of capitalism and advocacy for workers' rights have also influenced labor movements and social justice movements around the world.

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he was a German philosopher, economist, and political theorist who lived from 1818 to 1883. Marx is known for his ideas on socialism, communism, and capitalism, and his critique of the injustices and inequalities of the capitalist system. His most famous work is "The Communist Manifesto," which he co-authored with Friedrich Engels in 1848. Marx's ideas have had a profound impact on the course of modern history and continue to be studied and debated by scholars and activists around the world.

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Philosophy:

Historical materialism: History is driven by the material conditions of society

Dialectical materialism: Change and progress occur through the conflict of opposing forces

Alienation: Workers are separated from the products of their labor, themselves, and society

Materialist conception of history: Economic and social conditions shape historical development

Politics:

Class struggle: The history of society is the history of class struggle

Bourgeoisie and proletariat: The capitalist class exploits the working class

Communism: A classless society in which the means of production are collectively owned and distributed according to need

Revolutionary tactics: The proletariat must overthrow the bourgeoisie to achieve communism.

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Adam smith was a philosopher from Scotland. He is known as the father of modern economics, and is best known for his book “The Wealth of Nations”. His ideas created a foundation for  economics. Additionally, He wrote about moral philosophy and played a role in the Scottish enlightenment.

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1. Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland in 1723 and was the son of a customs official.

2. He studied at the University of Glasgow and later became a professor of moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.

3. Smith was known to have a photographic memory and could reportedly recite entire books from memory.

4. In addition to economics, Smith also wrote extensively on moral philosophy, aesthetics, and jurisprudence.

5. Smith was a member of the Scottish Enlightenment, a period of intellectual and cultural flourishing in Scotland during the 18th century.

6. Smith's face appeared on the 20-pound note issued by the Bank of Scotland from 2007 to 2020.

7. Smith was a close friend and correspondent of the philosopher David Hume, and their intellectual exchange had a significant impact on both of their ideas.

8. Smith's ideas about free markets and limited government intervention continue to be influential in economic theory and policy to this day.

9. In addition to "The Wealth of Nations" and "The Theory of Moral Sentiments," Smith also wrote a number of other works, including a history of astronomy and a biography of the philosopher Francis Hutcheson.

10. Smith died in Edinburgh in 1790 at the age of 67. His ideas continue to be studied and debated by economists, philosophers, and scholars around the world.

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His magnus opus, his greatest work, “The wealth of Nations”, revolutionized the principles of economics. He believed that the invisible hand of the market, the influence of self-interests, improved the markets and lead to economic prosperity. Which is a capitalist idea. He also believed that there should be specialized And divided labor in driving economic growth, as it could lead to increased population and lower costs.
Overall, his ideas shape modern theory and policy.

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Smith argued that humans have an innate sense of sympathy that allows them to understand and share the emotions of others. He believed that this sense of sympathy was the basis for moral behavior, and that individuals were guided by a sense of justice and a desire to do good, like a moral compass.

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Karl Marx's labor theory of value argues that the value of a product is based on the amount of labor that went into producing it. In his analysis of capitalist production, Marx argued that capitalism is a system that exploits workers by paying them less than the value of their labor. This leads to surplus value, which is the profit that is made by capitalists at the expense of the workers.

Marx also explored the concept of alienation, which he believed was a result of the capitalist mode of production. He argued that workers are alienated from their work because they do not have control over the means of production or the final product. Additionally, workers are alienated from themselves, from other workers, and from society as a whole, as a result of their lack of control and the commodification of labor. This alienation has negative effects on workers' mental health and well-being, as they are unable to find fulfillment and meaning in their work.

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The combination of moral philosophy and Economic Theories 

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The combination of moral philosophy and Economic Theories 

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Smith's ideas about moral philosophy influenced his economic theories in several ways. For example, his emphasis on the importance of sympathy and fellow-feeling helped to shape his understanding of the role of competition in economic markets. Smith believed that competition could be beneficial, but only when it was conducted within the bounds of fairness and justice. He argued that a just and fair society was essential for economic growth and prosperity.

While he believed in the importance of free markets and limited government intervention, he also recognized the need for government to ensure fairness and prevent monopolies or other abuses of power.

Smith's ideas about moral philosophy had a significant influence on his economic theories, shaping his understanding of the role of competition, government, and society in fostering economic growth and prosperity.

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Marx's labor theory of value has been criticized for oversimplifying the complexity of market transactions and ignoring the role of supply and demand. Similarly, his predictions about the downfall of capitalism have not been fully realized and have been subject to criticism. Additionally, socialist and communist regimes that have attempted to implement Marx's ideas have faced criticism for their human rights violations and failure to achieve a classless society. Despite these critiques, Marx's ideas continue to be debated among scholars, with some arguing for their relevance in addressing contemporary social and economic issues.