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The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves. This system sends messages back and forth between the brain and the body. The brain is what controls all the body's functions.

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Neurotransmitter modulation: A variety of psychoactive chemicals change the brain's levels of neurotransmitters, including GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. They have the power to alter these neurotransmitters' release, reuptake, or breakdown, which can alter behavior, mood, and thought processes.

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Receptor binding: Psychoactive drugs frequently attach themselves to particular receptors in the brain. For instance, benzodiazepines bind to GABA receptors, opioids bind to opioid receptors, and cannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors. They have the ability to alter neuronal activity and generate a range of effects, including drowsiness, pleasure, and pain relief, by interacting with these receptors.

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Neural circuit modulation: A variety of psychoactive drugs can affect the neuronal circuits responsible for motivation, reward, learning, and memory. For example, substances that enhance dopamine levels in the brain's reward system, such as cocaine and amphetamines, result in pleasurable experiences and promote drug-taking behavior.

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Neuroplasticity: The brain's structure and function can change over time as a result of neuroadaptations brought on by long-term use of psychoactive substances. Tolerance, dependency, and addiction may be exacerbated by these alterations.

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Neurotoxicity: A number of psychotropic drugs have the potential to harm neurons and brain circuits. For instance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and excitotoxicity can result in neurotoxicity while using methamphetamine and MDMA (ecstasy).

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Neuroinflammation: Long-term use of some psychotropic drugs can also lead to neuroinflammation, which is typified by immune cells in the brain activating. Neuroinflammation may play a role in the emergence of mental illnesses and cognitive deficits linked to drug misuse.

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Over time, and especially in the last few decades, societal attitudes and the usage patterns of psychoactive substances have evolved. Because to concentration, purification, chemical changes, and ingesting method, which now promotes most fast transport to the central nervous system, the active ingredients are now more addictive. Substance misuse is on the verge of becoming a worldwide epidemic, and the use of addictive drugs in the recent past is also examined.

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Psychoactive substances act on the central nervous system producing changes in mental processes, such as perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions.

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Marijuana is the most consumed (162 million people), followed by amphetamines (25 million), opiates (16 million, 11 million of whom are heroin users), cocaine (13 million) and ecstasy (10 million) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2006).

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The consumption of high doses of analgesics, antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) leads to the appearance of anticholinergic effects, such as delusions and hallucinations, which has increased its use as a recreational drug (Silva et al., 1996).

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It is well known that there is a connection between having a difficult upbringing and being more likely to develop a substance use disorder. According to a study, this link is mediated by the immune system. This study showed that early exposure to psychosocial stress permanently alters the peripheral and central immune systems, making them more vulnerable to immunological insults in later life. Additionally, the scientists disclosed that peripheral immune responses and the brain are involved in cocaine sensitization in individuals who have experienced stress in their early lives.(Iacono et al., 2018).

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Nearly 108,000 persons in the U.S. died from drug-involved overdose in 2022, including from illicit or prescription drugs.

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National Drug Overdose Deaths—Number Among All Ages, 1999-2022. Overall, drug overdose deaths rose from 2019 to 2022 with 107,941 drug overdose deaths reported in 2022. Deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone (primarily fentanyl) continued to rise with 73,838 overdose deaths reported in 2022.

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National Overdose Deaths Involving Any Opioid—Number Among All Ages, by Sex, 1999-2022. The figure is a bar and line graph showing the total number of U.S. overdose deaths involving any opioid from 1999 to 2022.

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Euphoria and Pleasure: A variety of psychoactive chemicals cause feelings of pleasure and euphoria by activating the brain's reward circuit. Addiction may result from this and drug-seeking behavior may be reinforced. For instance, by raising dopamine levels in the brain, opioids, stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, and cannabis can cause euphoria.

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Anxiety: Other substances, particularly stimulants like caffeine or amphetamines at higher doses, can lead to increased anxiety or even panic attacks.

Depression: Chronic use of certain substances, such as alcohol or opioids, can lead to symptoms of depression.

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Aggression: Some substances, particularly alcohol and stimulants like cocaine, can increase aggressive tendencies in some individuals.

Social Withdrawal: While some substances may initially increase sociability, chronic use or the comedown from certain drugs can lead to social withdrawal or isolation.

Decreased Inhibitions: Psychoactive substances can lower inhibitions, leading to behaviors that one might not engage in while sober, such as engaging in risky sexual behavior or overspending.

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Impaired Memory and Cognition: Many substances can impair memory formation and cognitive function, making it difficult to concentrate or remember information.

Confusion: In some cases, particularly with higher doses or certain substances, individuals may experience confusion or disorientation.

Hallucinations: Certain substances, such as psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, can induce hallucinations, which can profoundly affect behavior and emotions.

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Life is so valuable to spend it on unfulfilling things. Live high on life not drugs. You can find happiness in a million other things not on drugs or other substances. Dont filll that emptiness on things that harm you but with things that fill you with love. Let your real self out. You dont need substances to be happy!

Psychoactive substances can have a profound impact on your life, both in the short term and the long term. They can affect your brain, your body, your emotions, and your future in ways you might not fully understand.

#SAYNOTODRUGS