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This is a traditional teaching approach where the instructor delivers a structured talk on a specific topic, providing information and insights beyond what is available in textbooks.

"Lecture method is a pedagogical method whereby the teacher formally delivers a carefully planned expository address on some topic or problem." -James Michael

It allows the teacher to share their knowledge and thoughts directly with students, who can immediately ask questions and engage with the content. This method is particularly effective for introducing and explaining complex concepts in detail.

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It can lead to a passive learning experience with students receiving information without actively engaging with the material.

There’s a risk that students may not fully understand the content, as the method doesn’t guarantee comprehension.

It doesn’t allow for real-time assessment of students’ understanding.

The pace of the lecture is uniform and cannot be tailored to individual students’ learning speeds.

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This involves the teacher showing and explaining a set of activities, often using visual aids like photographs, maps, templates, or experiments. This method is particularly useful in practical disciplines like science, crafts, and technical education, where seeing a process in action can aid understanding.

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It may not allow for student interaction during the demonstration, limiting opportunities for questions and discussions.

It is primarily suitable for teaching practical and technical skills.

Not all educational institutions have the necessary facilities to implement this method effectively.

It requires significant preparation and effort from the teacher.

The method is mostly applicable to specific educational settings and may not be as effective in others.

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The lecture method involves teachers delivering detailed expository addresses to introduce concepts beyond textbooks, fostering engagement and discussion while providing examples and illustrations to inspire students' interest and extend their knowledge.

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1.Teacher centred

2.This method can be used to evaluate the pupils easily

3.The lecture method helps the teacher to solve the doubts of pupil instantly

4.This method is usually preferred for higher classes

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During a lecture, the teacher summarizes key points and provides important information to guide students. This method encourages students to ask questions and engage more with the material. Teachers use examples and diagrams to make topics clearer and may discuss important people and their contributions to inspire student interest.

Overall, this method is used to inspire, explain, expand, and test knowledge.

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"Reality is that operates," is the essential principle by which this approach functions.

This is a teaching approach where the teacher explains a concept through a lecture and then reinforces the learning by demonstrating it practically. This method helps students see the real-life application of theoretical knowledge.

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A well-planned lesson that fits the lecture cum demonstration style.

The right tools and materials for the demonstration part.

A clear understanding of the topic to answer any questions students might have.

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The lecture method can make students passive. Learning is interactive; students need to engage, ask questions, and discuss. Providing ready-made information doesn't ensure comprehension or allow for assessing understanding. Also, the pace doesn't cater to individual student needs.

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Easiest and simplest way where teacher provides information.

More engagement and passion

It is used in higher classes

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1.Inactive students

2.There are diverse learners in the class ,so lecture method doesn't cater to the individual needs of students

3.Ready made information is provided by teacher so no scope for pupil to learn

4.The pace of individual student is not adjusted in lecture method

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When teachers just give out information in lectures, it limits students' learning opportunities. This approach doesn't ensure that students actually understand the material. There's no opportunity during the lecture to check how much students have understood. Also, the pace of a lecture can't be adjusted to suit individual students.

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The demonstration method involves organized activities where the instructor displays visuals or conducts experiments while discussing concepts. Students observe, react, and draw conclusions.

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More focus on Cognitive development

It is a well structured method of teaching.

It is very useful to teach higher classes.

It gives freedom to go beyond textbook.

Discussion of doubts takes place.

More passion and engagement.

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1. Planning and Preparation

2. Introduction of Lesson

3. Demonstration and Experiment

General Instructions

Aim of the Experiment

Materials Required

Presentation

Inferences

4. Blackboard Summary

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Students just take down notes dictated by teacher and don't use their experience and knowledge to understand the concept. It's only teacher speaking and students listening.

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The lecture method is a classic teaching style where the teacher takes center stage explaining concepts and ideas to students. Think of it as a one-way flow of knowledge.

The teacher delivers a structured presentation, often using tools like slides or whiteboards.

Students primarily listen and take notes.

Lectures allow teachers to effectively deliver information to a big audience at once.

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The demonstration method limits student interaction and is best suited for teaching technical and instructional skills.

It may not be feasible in universities due to facility limitations.

It requires significant effort from the instructor.

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Students remain inactive throughout the session.

Reduces the opportunity to learn.

The comprehension of student cannot be checked in this.

The pace cannot be adjusted according to the students individually.

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Engaging students actively in the learning process.

Making abstract concepts more concrete and understandable.

Encouraging critical thinking and evaluation.

Enhancing memory retention through visual and auditory stimulation.

Allowing students to experience the practical side of theoretical knowledge.

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Students watch the teacher's demonstration, and some participate by answering questions and drawing conclusions. In the demonstration method, the instructor takes center stage by showing photographs, maps, templates, or experiments and explaining the related ideas, definitions, and processes.

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Lectures can be boring and passive for students. They may have trouble focusing for extended periods.

Information overload and forgetting key points.

It can hinder critical thinking and the development of skills like analysis and problem-solving.

Lectures cater primarily to auditory learners.

Little opportunity for students to ask questions or clarify doubts during lectures.

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This method is primarily suitable for teaching technical and instructional skills. Universities often lack the necessary resources to implement this demonstrative approach, which requires significant effort from the instructor. Students are unable to ask questions or start discussions during the activity.

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The lecture cum demonstration method combines elements of both lecture-based and demonstration methods.

Instructors demonstrate concepts while discussing theoretical knowledge, allowing students to observe equipment and procedures and actively participate in experiments.

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1.Usually preferred for higher classes

2.Teacher demonstrate the activities in front of the student.

3.Reduces the time for explaining the concept.

4.first hand experience is provided to the students

5.Careful planning and execution is required on teachers part.

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The lecture method is a teaching style where the instructor delivers a prepared talk on a topic, often incorporating visuals and examples. It's a good way to introduce complex concepts and share insights beyond textbooks.

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Focus on psychomotor development.

The analysis of a collection of organized activities.

Instructor-centered system.

Photographs/maps/templates/experiments and discusses the ideas, definitions, and processes involved.

A demonstration form should be used.

The teacher should be carefully planned the physical layout.

The instructional aids in demonstration help the students grasp how theory and practice connect.

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The lecture method, while good for introducing ideas, can limit student participation and hinder active learning. It doesn't check for understanding and moves at a set pace, which might not be ideal for all students.

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The demonstration method flips the script on the lecture. Instead of just talking, the teacher shows students how to do something step-by-step.

This method aims to teach practical skills by providing a visual model for students to follow.

More ideal for subjects like science .

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The lecture method is a traditional teaching approach where a teacher delivers information to students verbally. It's typically one-way communication

More on coginitive level

used in higher classes. Best ways to introduce and present the concept in detail.

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Students mainly observe, reducing active learning opportunities. Doesn't adapt to individual student learning speeds. Might not assess if students grasp the concepts shown. Not ideal for big classes where everyone might not see well.

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Students are not allowed during the activity to pose questions or initiate discussions.

Only technological and instructional skills.

Lack of facilities for demonstration.

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The pace of the demonstration might not be ideal for everyone. Some students might need more time to grasp a step, while others may find it slow.

Demonstrations assume everyone learns visually. Students with different learning styles, like auditory or kinesthetic learners, might struggle.

They might not be as effective for teaching concepts or theories.

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The core principle of this method is "learning by doing." It combines elements from both lecture-based teaching and demonstration methods. In this approach, the instructor shows how the lesson works based on the concept and explains its theoretical knowledge. Students watch the actual equipment and procedures and even assist in experiments.

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The lecture cum demonstration method requires

1. instructors to effectively integrate theoretical knowledge with practical demonstrations

2. provide access to necessary equipment and facilities

3. encourage student participation and engagement.

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This method can make class inactive throughout learning. It also reduces pupils opportunity to learn cause of ready - made information provided by the teacher.

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1.Students are not doing the demonstration so they don't have hands on experience.

2. Teachers centred

3. Not feasible always

4. Planning and execution takes time

5. Not catering the diverse needs of learner

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Explains a concept (lecture) then shows it in action (demo).

Students watch, help, and ask questions, unlike a passive lecture.

Starts with seeing, then explains the theory behind it.

Seeing the concept helps students learn and remember better.

Works well for subjects where visualization is important.

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One way communication by the teacher.

The students ability to learn a topic is lost.

No activity hence can result into boredom.

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The demonstration method is a teaching technique where the instructor shows students how to do something rather than just telling them. It involves presenting examples, experiments, or practical demonstrations to help students understand concepts better.

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It uses visuals to depict the context of being taught such as photographs and experiments.

It helps students obtained first hand experience. It helps students grasps how theory and practical connect.

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It facilitates learning especially in science.

Lesson is demonstrated and followed up discussion thus invoking maximum participation.

Focused on concrete to abstract.

"Reality is that operates," is the essential principle by which this approach functions.

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Use of activities to demonstrate about a topic.

Multimedia and creative approach to teach students.

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It is instructor -centered system

Students observe teacher while demonstration.

Basically, The demonstration method involves showing students how to do something through practical examples or visual aids.

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1. Helps all learners group

2. Learners are engaged in learning process

3. Creative method

4. Evaluation is also possible in this method

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1. A solid concept foundation of theory

2. Equipments or Simulations to verify theory in reality or virtual reality

3. Practical approach to enhance learning by doing.

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The facilities to carry out demomstration experiments.

Failure of the experiment due to lack of practice before class.

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1. Old and traditional method of teaching

2. Teacher centered - sage on the stage

3. Less or No involvement of Lr.

4. Used to teach higher classes

5. Tr. Gives information beyond the textbook

6. Unidirectional flow of knowledge and information

7. Values are given by the tr.

8. Historical significance is also highlighted.

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1. Planning and preparation

2. Introduction of lesson

3. Demonstration and experiment- general instructions, aim of the experiment, materials required, presentation, inferences

4. Blackboard summary

5. Supervision

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Mix of lecture and demonstration method.

Actively engaging students and simultaneously explaining the concepts.

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Foreseeing potential student questions and challenges during the demonstration.

Gathering all necessary materials and equipment beforehand.

Rehearsing the demonstration to ensure clarity and smooth execution.

Preparing a clear and concise lecture that complements the demonstration.

Explaining all aspects of the demonstration (instructions, purpose, etc.) in a way that's easy for students to understand.

Effectively using visuals like models, diagrams, or even the demonstration itself to enhance learning.

Encouraging active participation by asking questions throughout to stimulate thinking and discussion.

Setting up the demonstration area effectively and ensuring a clean workspace for students.

Being mindful of safety procedures, especially when using scientific equipment.

Keeping students engaged throughout the process, from introduction to wrap-up.

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Drawbacks of demonstration method include potential passive learning, lack of student engagement, and limited opportunities for interaction or hands-on practice.

Limited interaction as no questions allowed to ask: There's minimal opportunity for students to ask questions or participate actively in the learning process, limiting their ability to clarify doubts or deepen their understanding.

Students depends on the teacher or presenter.

It's time consuming as it requires more planning and time perfect presentation.

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Planning and preparation process is important.

The topic should be relevant to the method.

Appropriate demonstration tools, supplies, and resources in this phase.

Teacher should prepare the lesson plan, including clarifying principles and prove experiments.

See for the equipment needed

Before the final demonstration, the experiment must be tested in typical environments in the school.

The instructor should rehearse in advance this experiment as it helps create confidence.

The equipment must be put systematically on the exhibition table.

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Student participation

Teacher participation

Facilities by the institution

Good base knowledge about the concepts to be taught by this method.

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1. Clear learning objectives so students can understand by the end of the lesson what to do.

2. Necessary materials which are available and functioning properly.

3. Appropriate content with clear visual component.

4. Learning environment suitable for carrying it out.

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It can't be use everytime.

Students just have to observe and cannot participate.

Not allowed to pose questions during activity.

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1. Inactive students

2. No chance of participation and involvement

3. No discussion and interaction

4. Less opportunity to learn as ready made information is present

5. No guarantee of student's comprehension

6. Doesn't address individual differences

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1. The concept needs to be clear in the minds of teacher first

2. Detailed planning is required

3. Materials used for demonstration must be arranged before

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The lecture cum demonstration method combines verbal instruction with practical and examples or visual aids to enhance learning.

It allows for a balanced approach, catering to different learning styles and reinforcing understanding through real-life applications. However, it requires careful planning to ensure seamless integration of both components. Balancing the timing of lecture and demonstration segments is crucial to maintain engagement and effectiveness.

On top of it providing opportunities for student interaction and hands-on practice can maximize the method's benefits.And when executed effectively, the lecture cum demonstration method can promote deeper understanding and retention of the subject matter.

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1. Planning and Preparation

2. Introduction of Lesson

3. Demonstration and Experiment

4. General Instructions

5. Aim of the Experiment

6. Materials Required

7. Presentation

8. Inferences

9. Blackboard Summary

10. Supervision

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General Instructions

Aim of the experiment

Materials required

Presentation

Inferences

Blackboard summary

Supervision

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Planning and Preparation:

Topic Selection

Gather Materials

Practice Demonstration

Prepare Lecture Content

Lesson Introduction:

Hook Students

Explain Purpose

Connect Knowledge to previous

Demonstration and Experiment:

Explain Demonstration Aspects

Importance of maintaining a clean and organized workspace.

Mention specific aim or goal of the experiment

The proper use of any scientific equipment involved.

The connection between the demonstration and scientific concepts.

Active Learning:

Use Visuals

Ask Questions

Demonstrate Equipment Use

Wrap-Up:

Summarize Key Findings

Student Notes & Diagrams

Review and Address Questions

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1.Planning

2.Arranging equipments.

3.Execution

4.Assesment

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Lecture method traditional way of teaching.

Learning by explaining of concepts.

Students are the recipients and the teacher is the giver.

One way communication.

Information beyond the textbooks

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Requirements for lecture cum demonstration:

Clear learning objectives: Need to Define specific learning outcomes to guide both the lecture and demonstration components, ensuring alignment with curriculum goals. Engaging content: Develop engaging lecture materials and practical demonstrations that cater to different learning styles and stimulate student interest. Adequate preparation: Thoroughly plan and prepare the content, materials, and logistics for both the lecture and demonstration segments to ensure smooth execution.

Appropriate resources: Gather necessary resources, such as multimedia tools, equipment, and props, to support both verbal instruction and practical examples. Interactive elements: Incorporate opportunities for student participation, questions, and discussions throughout the session to foster active engagement and deeper understanding.

Evaluation and feedback: Implement mechanisms for assessing student learning during and after the session, such as quizzes, hands-on activities, or peer evaluations, and feedback.

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1. Combines theoretical and practical knowledge

2. Encourages student participation

3. Provides demonstations to understand the concept better

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It is very advantageous for students to grasp the practical and concrete knowledge of the complex science phenomenon.

It kills the boredom as there is more interaction of the students.

Hands on activities can boost the students morale and motivation for learning.

The teacher can also participate creatively.

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Strengthens students achievement in science.

It includes demonstration along with theoretical knowledge.

It involves student's active participation

Students are interested and curious to learn.

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1. More analytical

2. Organised

3. Preplanned

4. Teacher centered

5. Tr. Displays pictures, maps, experiments and discuss ideas, definations and process.

6. For higher classes - universities, colleges

7. Cognitive

8. Connects theory to practice

9. Positive way of teaching

10. Scope of interaction

11. Conclusions drawn from discussion and interaction.

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1. Planning and Preparation

2. Introduction of Lesson

3. Demonstration and Experiment

General Instructions

Aim of the experiment

Materials required

Presentation

Inferences

4. Blackboard summary

5. Supervision

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Students learn how to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings, which can be beneficial in understanding complex scientific principles.

Combining lectures with demonstrations helps students better understand abstract concepts by providing real-world examples and visualizations.

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Planning and preparation

Introduction of lesson

Demonstration and experiment

Blackboard summary

And supervision.

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The lecture-cum-demonstration method benefits students by boosting understanding through visual learning, promoting active engagement, making abstract concepts more concrete, developing observation and critical thinking skills. For teachers, it offers an effective introduction to new concepts, checks for understanding, improves communication skills, is flexible across topics and age groups, and makes learning enjoyable.

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Planning

Arranging equipments

Execution

Assessment

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Understanding of both theory and practicals.

Develops skills of teachers to be more creative and innovative.

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1. Students are very interactive

2. Makes the concept simple and creative to the learners

3. Various skills are developed in students

4. Students learn by using visual aids so visual learning takes place

5. Concepts are developed

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Topic should be relevant to teach in this method.

Appropriate demonstration tools, supplies and other resources.

The lesson should have been properly planned.

The equipment should be exhibited systematically on table.

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The advantages of the lecture cum demonstration method

Combining verbal instruction with practical examples helps reinforce understanding by appealing to different learning styles.

Active engagement: encourages active participation and engagement from students, leading to increased attention span and retention of information.

Real-world application: Demonstrations provide tangible examples of theoretical concepts, making abstract ideas more concrete and relevant to students' lives.

Multi-sensory learning: Utilizing both auditory and visual stimuli appeals to a broader range of senses, facilitating deeper learning and memory recall.

Effective communication.

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Enhanced engagement by combining explanation with visual demonstration. Therefore, students are more likely to stay engaged and focused.

Improved understanding as it helps solidify theoretical knowledge and make it more relatable.

Accommodates different learning styles as it caters to both auditory learners and visual learners.

Promotes critical thinking by observing the demonstration, analyzing the process and asking questions thus fostering critical thinking skills.

Stronger skill development as it provides a clear model for students to practice skills, leading to better skill development and retention.

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1. Concrete to abstract learning

2. Active participation

3. Discussion and explanation

4. Interpretation and evaluation

5. Hands-on experience

6. Interest and engagement

7. Encourage collaboration

8. Feedback and reflection

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1. Relevant topic selection

2. Gather necessary resources

3. Clear lesson planning

4. Anticipate student queries

5. Purposeful introduction

6. Simplified subject matter

7. Relate to prior experiences

8. Assess existing knowledge

9. Use visual aids effectively

10. Organized presentation

11.Engage with questioning

12. Draw meaningful inferences

13. Summarize key points

14. Ensure accurate documentation

15. Regular review for comprehension

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1. Plan and Prepare

2. Introduction

3. Demonstration and Experiment

4. Supervision

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1. Enhanced comprehension through visual and hands-on learning.

2. Active engagement promotes better learning outcomes.

3. Practical application of theoretical knowledge.

4.Stimulates critical thinking skills.

5. Enhances motivation and interest in learning.

6. Facilitates effective communication