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According to (Sarkar & Sarkarhello, 2021)
1. Historiographic metafiction- This is a type of literature where historical events are used.
2. Explicit/Implicit metafiction- In this type of metafiction, there is a use of evident metafictional components in the text mentioning its own deceptions. For example, the narrator describes the story they are telling
3. Direct/Indirect metafiction- This type of metafiction uses decorative matters on determining additional literary works or genres.
4. Critical/Non-critical metafiction- This type of metafiction is often found in postmodernist fiction pursuing to find the hypocrisy or capability of a text in some expository way. for non-critical metafiction, it is the opposite effect.

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According to (Barnett, 2018) Metafiction is a manner of the narrative of a story or in this case novel in which awareness is administered to the procedure of a fictional structure, thus, metafiction points out stories in which the characters, author, or narrators form part of the fiction that's being told.

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Atonement shows us the trials in life, it also shows the impact a lie can have on another person. It teaches you that life isn't always what you make it out to be, It also inspired me to love one's own creativity.
Atonement is about the delight, suffering, and jeopardy of writing, and more so, about the trails of the impact, your writing will have on the people reading them.

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Three types of metafiction throughout the novel.

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Three types of metafiction throughout the novel.

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1. Historiographic metafiction- The author is making use of historiographic metafiction throughout part two pages 179-201 where Robbie attends the war during world war II. historiographic metafiction is also evident in the fact that women could not get a higher degree than men.
2.  Direct/Indirect metafiction- We see this throughout the novel, the author makes use of different viewpoints of the character, we also see it in the epilogue where the genre shifts to the 21st century, pages 331-353.
3. Critical metafiction- we find hypocrisy in the novel in Briony Tallis, in part one, chapter Thirteen when she made Robbie out as guilty, but when she was 10 years old she was in love with him, she always knew him and his capabilities. Briony was thus not authentic.

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Three viewpoints of postmodernism in literature.

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Three viewpoints of postmodernism in literature.

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In literature postmodernism is viewed in three main ways:
1. Irony- According to (Di Martino, 2014) it's one of the leading strategies used by postmodernist fiction to obtain the capability to portray the world while promoting cultural effects and one's own power.
2. Metafiction- makes the audience attentive to what they are reading.
3. Hyperreality- According to (Mambrol, 2019) it's when an author restores reality with its portrayal.
other viewpoints of postmodernism are:
unreliable narration, self-reflection, intertextuality, and in some cases historical and political issues.

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Postmodernism can be seen as a philosophical motion that affected the arts and critical thinking all through the latter half of the 20th century. According to (Bedard, 2021) the works in Postmodernism result in an attitude of dismissal or acerbity toward the acknowledgment of narratives.

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Evidence op postmodernism in Atonement.