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Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the disease known as tuberculosis or (TB) for short. Tuberculosis is a serious disease, and if left untreated, may result in death.

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This picture is an x-ray of a patient who has pulmonary tuberculosis.  There are two phases of tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis that most often affects the lungs, and latent tuberculosis which is an inactive tuberculosis, where a patient may have had TB in the past. Many times patients will test positive for TB even in the latent phase.

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This picture is an x-ray of Tuberculosis.

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A TB skin test is a test often used to determine if a patient has contracted TB. Normally, the size and elevation where the test was given determines if the result is negative or positive.

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This picture is an acid-fast stain of tuberculosis.

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Healthcare workers need PPE when working with patients with tuberculosis. Healthcare workers need a full gown, N95 respirator mask, gloves, hair covering, and eye protection when working with a patient who has active tuberculosis.

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Healthcare workers at a hospital may see this sign on the door of a patient who has active TB. Like Covid-19, Tuberculosis is also airborne and can spread via air and droplets. Patients with TB that are coughing, sneezing, or sometimes talking can spread TB.

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Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, known as airborne. Extended close contact with an infected person is how tuberculosis is spread. For example, if a person lives with someone who is infected, they are at high risk of contracting tuberculosis. People with low immune systems and people who have been recently infected with TB bacteria are at risk for contracting tuberculosis.

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The signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis is a cough that may last longer than three weeks, unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue, chills, loss of appetite, night sweats, coughing up blood, chest pain or pain when breathing, or weakness.

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The treatment for TB involves more than one drug. Anti-tuberculosis drugs are often used to treat TB and include the drugs Rifampin and Rifapentine-moxifloxacin. Treatment can take up to 4-9 months.

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Prevention of TB can be done through avoiding exposure, wearing an N95 mask if working with a TB patient, receiving a BCG vaccine, and get tested if known exposure. Early diagnosis can be helpful when treating tuberculosis.