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A. Therapies based on psychoanalysis with an emphasis on transference, shorter treatment times, and a more direct therapeutic approach; focused on the suppressed urges and desires and how they affect thoughts and actions
B. Sigmund Freud and his work are the founders (Erik Erickson also influenced the theory)
C. Buzzwords include “repress” and “unconscious mind”
D. Strengths: allows for deeper reasoning behind actions (including past traumas extending back as far as childhood)
E. Weaknesses/Limits: it doesn’t consider genetic or biological factors and can therefore result in false conclusions
F. Sally Sue may have been angry with Billy Bob Joe because he started work at a new place that she really wanted to work at, and she was jealous of him even though she never told Billy Bob Joe about it.

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Billy Bob Joe and Sally Sue were best friends. They talked every day about every little thing in their lives. One day, Billy Bob Joe realized Sally Sue hadn’t responded to his text from hours ago. She hadn’t spoken to him all day, in fact. He sent another text and waited with no response. The next day, when she avoided him, Billy Bob Joe came to the conclusion that Sally Sue must have been ghosting him.

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A. Heavily focused on observable behavior; theorizes that our behavior/actions are responses to stimuli and can be explained by things happening in our environment— these behaviors and actions might be natural, or might be as a result of conditioning
B. John B. Watson first proposed the idea of Behaviorism, but his ideas were based on those of Ivan Pavlov; Mary Cover Jones also did a lot of work in behavioral therapy; B.F. Skinner founded the modern Behavioral perspective with his ideas of operant conditioning
C. Buzzwords include conditioning, reinforcement, and environment
D. Strengths: can clearly predict, observe, and measure the behavior of the person under conditioning; is scientifically credible and straightforward; has a lot of easy real-world application
E. Weaknesses: sometimes can cause ethical issues and questions in terms of animal conditioning procedures; is a very one-dimensional way of viewing psychology and ignores concepts like internal feelings and moods, as well as free will
F. In the past, Sally Sue had a poor experience with her previous male best friend where he talked a lot with her and then developed romantic feelings for her, which made her feel uncomfortable, especially when he pushed himself on her.  Now, she has been “conditioned” to stray away from close male friendships because of the “punishment” she received last time.

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A. Heavily focused on the evaluation of the person/‘human’ as whole and as the most important thing; emphasizes that people have free will and are capable of improving themselves and fulfilling their internal desires
B. The early founders of this theory were Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs)
C. Buzzwords/phrases include free will, self-actualization, potential
D. Strengths: values individual choice and personal needs; views the human person as important and from a holistic perspective
E. Weaknesses: not considered a scientific approach; only offers so many solutions; considered potentially unrealistic
F. Sally Sue has the will to choose what she believes to be best for her, and maybe she has suddenly started to realize that Billy Bob Joe is not someone she wants to associate herself with, and that she could become a better version of herself without him.

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A. Perspective that focuses on the influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s thinking and behavior; in psychopathology, approach that examines the impact of social interactions, community, and culture on a person’s thinking, behavior, and emotions
B. Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky
C. Social learning, behavior, culture, zone of proximal development
D. Perspective weighs various outside forces and the fact that they can significantly impact individuals rather than viewing impact only possible through internal factors
E. Perspective focuses solely on culture and environment of groups, not circumstances individuals face; results in general ideas and does not account for differences among people of the same groups
F. Sally is currently going through medical school and has been overwhelmed with work.  Her parents are both doctors who have put a lot of pressure on her to perform well.  Because of this idea her parents have instilled in her, she chose her work over her friend Billy, resulting in her ghosting him.

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A. Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system
B. Biologist Charles Darwin and psychologists George Engel and John Romano
C. Genetics, evolution, natural development
D. Perspective is more easily able to be scientifically tested and supported, allowing for predictions to be provided more accurately based on genetics
E. Perspective disregards circumstantial factors such as environment or culture and only places value on biological characteristics
F. Sally was an orphan who eventually got adopted by loving parents.  However, she is more inclined to abandon others based on her genetics.  Because of this, she has begun ghosting her best friend Billy.

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A. Focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information. How the past affects the present individual.
B. Ulric Neisser created this to expand on the outdated theory of behaviorism which only focused on outward behaviors rather than the inward.
C. Some buzzwords include memory, intelligence, perception, and learning.
D. A strength is that it looks inward rather than just outward. It can also work well with other theories. Helps people to better understand their thought process.
E. A weakness of this perspective is that it does not take into account other factors that impact human behavior. The experiments that the perspective is based on is not scientifically sound because of the controlled environment.
F. Sally Sue tends to ghost everyone that she develops a close friendship with because she has previously had a close friend pass, and she fears feeling that hurt again.

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A. Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.
B. This theory was founded by Charles Darwin.
C. Some buzzwords include instinct, natural selection, and evolution.
D. Helps to understand other animals as well. Helps explain similarities found in all human behavior.
E. Evolution does to occur very quickly, so it is hard to have evidence. It doesn’t address the complexity of a human’s development.
F. If Sally Sue and Billy Bob Joe were in a relationship, Sally Sue may have ghosted him because she was no longer attracted to Billy Bob Joe.