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Color fringing is a form of chromatic aberration caused by the failure of a lens system to focus all colors at the same point.

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Caused by the two patterns can distort the final image. The unique distortion caused by a moiré pattern is known as aliasing.  Sometimes called moiré or a glitch, aliasing is a phenomenon where a digital camera has trouble translating an intricate pattern. Aliasing can result in a number of odd visual artifacts in photos or videos.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel). A good way to check for barrel distortion is to look for parallel lines in the area you are shooting and see if the lines appear parallel in your image.

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the obtaining of posterlike reproductions having solid tones or colors and little detail from photographs or other continuous-tone originals by means of separation negatives.

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JPEG artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded. The result of compression is that an image can suffer from blockiness, mosquito noise (around edges) and color degradation. ‍

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What Is Pincushion Distortion? Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device. Image sensors are used in electronic imaging devices of both analog and digital types

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A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size – 36mm by 24mm – and the distinctive look it makes possible. Compared to a Super 35mm sensor, a full-frame sensor has over twice the surface area while providing a wider angle of view and shallower depth of ﬁeld.

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image sensor format approximately the size of the now-defunct Advanced Photo System film negative classic, of 25.1×16.7 mm, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. APS C sensors are cropped sensors that are generally cheaper and easier to travel with than their full frame counterparts.

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the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame.

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Each pixel typically consists of 8 bits (1 byte) for a Black and White (B&W) image or 24 bits (3 bytes) for a color image-- one byte each for Red, Green, and Blue.

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revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted.

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Minimalist photography is a form of photography that is distinguished by extreme, austere simplicity. It emphasizes spareness and focuses solely on the smallest number of objects in the composition process

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an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in America and Britain, drawing inspiration from sources in popular and commercial culture. Different cultures and countries contributed to the movement during the 1960s and 70s. Roy Lichtenstein.

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The term is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views. They reject conventional and established norms in photo-art or photo-method.

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dreamlike and tap into people's unconscious,” says Tryforos. “They're often made of different elements that are put together in unexpected ways.” Surreal images almost always contain recognizable elements from real life — human figures, clocks, apples — arranged in strange ways.

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the intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of existing images and objects.

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a technique that layers two different exposures on a single image, combining two photographs into one. Double exposure creates a surreal feeling for your photos and the two photographs can work together to convey deep meaning or symbolism.

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a form of professional photography that depicts inanimate objects or subject matters. Still life is a unique genre of photography. One thing that makes it so special is that often the subjects aren't very interesting.

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photography that is used to sell or promote a product or service, or otherwise support a business or organization in making more money. Often, this can refer to product photography, lifestyle photography, and even fashion photography.

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technique of photographing the Earth's surface or features of its atmosphere or hydrosphere with cameras mounted on aircraft, rockets, or Earth-orbiting satellites and other spacecraft.

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type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value.

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'Anti-Photography' brings together a selection of historic and contemporary works exploring and challenging our understanding of the medium of photography.

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art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially.

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a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96.

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the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film

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grid is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light. The aim is to create a focused beam with little diffusion.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect

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a tube that fits over a constant studio light or Speedlight flash.

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light

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is a self-contained studio flash, typically but not always powered by an AC power source, which allows the fitting of light modification attachments such as umbrellas

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a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image. They are also referred to as eye lights or Obies

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similar to levels, but it gives you more power to control shadows, highlights, and midtones separately. Because it's a more advanced tool, you'll need to be careful when using it to adjust your images. In the example below, you can see an image before adjusting curves.

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a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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a circular lighting tool that evenly illuminates the subject of a close-up photograph.

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the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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A positive photograph on glass made using the wet-collodion process, often hand-tinted and mounted in a hinged case.

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a technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture on to a different material, like drawing ...

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a process for printing from an intaglio plate prepared by photographic methods.

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a photographic printing process that produces blue prints using coated paper and light.

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an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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a lighting technique that lights up half of a subject's face while leaving the other half in a shadow, essentially “splitting” the face

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Rembrandt lighting is a standard lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography and cinematography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular

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a lighting pattern that creates a circular shadow on the subject's face just under the nose.

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a lighting pattern used in portrait photography where the key light is placed above and pointing down on the subject's face.

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a type of lighting photographers use primarily for portrait photography.

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a lighting technique used primarily in portrait photography in which the far side of a subject's face is lit relative to the camera.

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an old style of photograph that creates a photographic image on a thin sheet of metal or iron that has been coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.

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static shot in film is a shot that is devoid of camera movement. Also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot. The frame can be filled with the movement of vehicles, characters, props, weather, etc, but the frame itself does not move in a static shot.

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Weight or balance are terms that refer to the visual impact of elements in your composition. The stronger an element's visual weight, the more it draws in the eye. To achieve a balanced composition, pay attention to the visual weight of the objects.

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the application of algorithms to a digital image file which convert the image information contained within the file into a viewable format on a viewing device.

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illusion of space on a 2-Dimensional surface. Overlapping - occurs when objects that are closer to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them. Placement on the paper - Objects placed higher within the picture plane will appear further away.

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the first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD (charge-coupled device) array capturing device.

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a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. This consistency is usually found within the subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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an unflinching, nonromantic view of the ubiquitously marked American landscape, a human landscape that was so unobserved as to be taken for granted—the opposite of the Romantic sublime

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the practice of creating solargraphs; creating photographs of the path of the Sun across the sky using a pinhole camera and exposure periods measured in days or months.

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the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature.

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removing light or, in essence, creating shadows to achieve a more dimensional portrait.

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the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas). The higher the lighting ratio, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device (or a color space) according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium (ICC).

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even front lighting of a subject, producing little contrast, no shadows, and no modeling.

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the habit of checking every photo on the camera display (LCD) immediately after capture.

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a fast 50mm lens. The 'nifty' part comes from a very wide aperture, under f/1.8. The 'fifty' refers to the focal length

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short for a photographer. A Street Tog is slang for a street photographer.

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a person who loves to put a lot of layers (Photoshop) without naming them properly.

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Appearance of print in which tone reproduction is low in contrast, lacking deep blacks or brilliant whites.

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a ball of dust and fluff

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Clipping occurs when there are areas of a photo that have no information. When an area has no information, it is either pure white (clipped highlights) or pure black (clipped shadows). Photographers often refer to these as "blown out" areas.

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A fill light is responsible for exposing the details of a subject that fall in the shadows of the key light. It is the secondary light in the traditional 3 point lighting setup. The fill light is typically positioned opposite of the key light to literally fill in the shadows that the key light creates.

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A key light is the primary source of artificial light that a cinematographer uses when shooting a scene. The key light isn't a specific type of lighting equipment. It can be anything from a camera mounted flash unit to a lamp.

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In photography, tethered shooting is the process of capturing images while your camera is connected to your computer, which allows your photos to instantly upload to the computer. The benefit of tethered shooting is that it allows you to check images on a large screen while you're shooting.

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a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

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is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph. Often, it appears along metallic surfaces or where there's a high contrast between light and dark objects, such as a black wall in front of a bright blue sky.

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capture images without the use of a mirror in the camera body. This is different from DSLR cameras, which reflect images into viewfinders via mirrors. Instead, mirrorless cameras often use electronic viewfinders (EVF) to display images digitally.

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a logo, piece of text or signature superimposed onto a photograph.

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you can take photographs with an infrared filter or infrared film, which produces intriguing effects, to peer into this world.

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when a photographer uses two or more different images to create one new image.

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“a style of portrait/people photography which aims to capture and document real-life events, situations, or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday”

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exploring the urban habitat and the countless exciting places within it.

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photography of astronomical bodies and celestial events including stars, the moon, the sun, planets, asteroids, and galaxies.

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when the photographer uses two frontal light sources to illuminate the subject, helping to minimize shadows and often giving a glowing effect.

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This photo turns out like the name of the lighting set up, a badger. The lighting set up gives an effect of a badger shaped face.

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High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene.

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often used for more serious, dramatic or narrative videos. With its moody, dark tones

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reduces the lighting ratio in the scene, meaning there's less contrast between the darker tones and the brighter areas.

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when light waves bend around corners and interfere with one another when traveling through small holes, causing a loss in sharpness.

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IPS monitors or “In-Plane Switching” monitors, leverage liquid crystals aligned in parallel to produce rich colors. IPS panels are defined by the shifting patterns of their liquid crystals. These monitors were designed to overcome the limitations of TN panels.

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Anamorphic lenses compress images horizontally to capture an artificially widened field of view (FOV) with a standard 4:3 size sensor. This process, called desqueezing, creates a wider aspect ratio in post-production without a wide-angle lens.

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This acronym means All The Gear, No Idea. It refers to people who are constantly upgrading their equipment to the latest camera bodies, lenses, and tripods, yet have no idea how to properly use any of them.

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Changes or transitions in a characteristic or quality of a part of an image e.g. its lightness, texture, density either wihin an area of the image or between one area and another.

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The technique involves shooting the same composition multiple times with various focal points. These images are then composited in Photoshop or other editing software to create a single image in which everything in the photo is in focus.

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on sunny days, at an aperture of f/16, your shutter speed is the inverse of your ISO value

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any non-traditional photographic printing process.

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he moment when all the elements in a photograph come together perfectly to create a meaningful image.

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to set your camera in a fast burst mode, shooting several photos per second, and then to simply hold down the shutter button while hoping to capture the perfect image.

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an inexpensive camera made almost entirely out of plastic, including the lens.

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The style typically features apparently banal everyday subject matter and off-centered framing.