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Mi tesoro

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Mi tesoro - Ramon Ayala (Carolina Ross cover) En Vivo Sesión Estudio

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Banda Kalomera De Apaseo El Grande, Gto.

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El Rey Banda Kalomera 💯 Apaseo el grande

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Rocío Dúrcal - Fue Tan Poco Tu Cariño ((Cover Audio) (Video))

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BANDA ARKANGEL R 15 - Fue tan poco tu cariño / en vivo

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Brittany Nicole - Mi Tesoro- Ramon Ayala (Cover)

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Hermosas fotografías y relatos de la ciudad de Culiacán, en Sinaloa México, a través de recorridos virtuales en 360 grados, totalmente actualizados.

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EL PISTOLERO(erik estrada y el komander)_puro movimiento alterado

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_La Adelita,_ Peerless album cover, Hermanos Zaizarjpg

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Ignacio Lopez Tarso, _Corridos de la Revolucion._ album cover

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Chicano art style is a unique form of art that emerged in the United States in the 1960s. It is a product of the Chicano movement, which was a social and political movement that aimed to raise awareness about Mexican-American rights and identity. Chicano art style is heavily influenced by the Chicano movement and is a reflection of the experiences and struggles of Mexican-Americans.

Chicano art style is characterized by its use of bold colors, political and social themes, and a fusion of Mexican and American cultural elements. It often depicts the struggles and challenges faced by Mexican-Americans, such as discrimination, poverty, and cultural identity. Chicano art style is also known for its use of symbolism and imagery, which often represent Mexican-American culture, history, and identity.

Key Takeaways

Chicano art style emerged in the United States in the 1960s as a product of the Chicano movement.

Chicano art style is characterized by its use of bold colors, political and social themes, and a fusion of Mexican and American cultural elements.

Chicano art style often depicts the struggles and challenges faced by Mexican-Americans and is known for its use of symbolism and imagery to represent Mexican-American culture, history, and identity.

Chicano art is a unique form of art that emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. It was heavily influenced by the Chicano movement, which was a civil rights movement that sought to address the issues faced by Mexican-Americans, who were often marginalized and discriminated against in American society.

Chicano Movement

The Chicano movement was a social and political movement that emerged in the 1960s. It was a response to the discrimination and marginalization faced by Mexican-Americans in the United States. The movement sought to promote the rights and interests of Chicano people and to challenge the negative stereotypes that were often associated with them.

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a major event that had a significant impact on Chicano art. Many Chicano artists were opposed to the war and used their art to express their opposition. They created powerful images that depicted the horrors of war and the impact that it had on the people of Vietnam.

Civil Rights Movement

The civil rights movement was another major event that had a significant impact on Chicano art. The movement sought to promote equality and justice for all people, regardless of race or ethnicity. Chicano artists were inspired by the ideals of the civil rights movement and used their art to promote these ideals.

Chicano art reflects the experiences of Mexican-Americans and Chicano people in the Americas. It often depicts the struggles and challenges faced by these communities, as well as their rich cultural heritage. Chicano art is a unique and powerful form of art that continues to inspire and challenge people today.

Influences and Characteristics

Chicano art is a unique style that emerged from the Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s. It is heavily influenced by Mexican muralism, pre-Columbian art, and rasquachismo. This style is known for its vibrant colors, resourcefulness, and sensibility.

Mexican Muralism

Mexican muralism played a significant role in shaping Chicano art. This art form originated in Mexico after the Mexican Revolution and was used as a tool for social and political commentary. Mexican muralists such as Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and José Clemente Orozco were major influences on Chicano artists. They introduced the use of large-scale murals to convey messages about social justice, political issues, and cultural identity.

Pre-Columbian Art

Pre-Columbian art also had a significant impact on Chicano art. This art form refers to the art produced by the indigenous peoples of the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Chicano artists drew inspiration from the intricate designs and motifs found in pre-Columbian art, and incorporated them into their own work. This helped to create a unique visual language that reflected the cultural heritage of Mexican Americans.

Rasquachismo

Rasquachismo is a term used to describe the resourcefulness and ingenuity of Chicano artists. It refers to the ability to create art using whatever materials are available, often resulting in a unique and unconventional aesthetic. Chicano artists embraced this approach and used it to create art that reflected their experiences living in marginalized communities. This sensibility is evident in the use of found objects, recycled materials, and unconventional techniques in Chicano art.

In summary, Chicano art is a unique style that draws on a variety of influences, including Mexican muralism, pre-Columbian art, and rasquachismo. This style is known for its vibrant colors, resourcefulness, and sensibility, and reflects the cultural heritage and experiences of Mexican Americans.

Key Themes in Chicano Art

Political Struggle

Political struggle is a key theme in Chicano art. Chicano artists often depict social and civil issues of the 20th century, including communal land grants, immigration, and labor rights, among others. Chicano art is a reflection of the political struggles that Mexican Americans have faced, and continues to face, in the United States.

Identity and Representation

Chicano artists aimed to form their own collective identity in the art world, an identity that promoted pride, affirmation, and a rejection of racial stereotypes. Chicano art is a form of representation that aims to showcase the complexity of Chicano identity. Chicano artists use their art to challenge the dominant narrative of what it means to be Mexican American.

Community and Solidarity

Chicano art is also a reflection of the strong sense of community and solidarity that exists among Mexican Americans. Chicano artists often depict the struggles and triumphs of their communities, and use their art to bring attention to social issues affecting their communities. Chicano art is a form of ethnic solidarity that aims to empower Mexican Americans and create a sense of belonging.

In conclusion, Chicano art is a reflection of the political struggles, complex identity, and collective identity of Mexican Americans. Chicano artists use their art to challenge the dominant narrative of what it means to be Mexican American, and to showcase the diversity and complexity of Chicano identity. Chicano art is a form of representation that aims to empower Mexican Americans and create a sense of belonging.

Carlos Almaraz

Carlos Almaraz was one of the founders of the local art collective Los Four. He brought Chicana and Chicano art to the attention of the mainstream LA art community in the 1970s. Almaraz was born in Mexico City but raised in LA. He studied at UCLA and Otis College of Art and Design. Besides his iconic pastels, paintings, and murals, he was also known for his political activism. His works often depicted the struggles and triumphs of the Chicano community. His art was heavily influenced by Mexican muralists such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Almaraz's works can be found in private collections, galleries, and museums throughout the United States.

Asco

Asco was a Chicano art collective that emerged in the 1970s in East Los Angeles. The group consisted of artists Willie Herrón III, Gronk, Harry Gamboa Jr., and Patssi Valdez. Their works were characterized by their use of performance art, graffiti, and photography. Asco's art was often political, addressing issues such as police brutality, racism, and the marginalization of the Chicano community. Their works can be found in the collections of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Whitney Museum of American Art.

Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation

Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation was a groundbreaking exhibition that took place at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1990. The exhibition showcased the works of over 80 Chicano artists from the United States and Mexico. The exhibition aimed to establish Chicano art as a legitimate art movement and to promote pride, affirmation, and a rejection of racial stereotypes. The exhibition included works in a variety of media, including painting, sculpture, photography, and video. Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation was a critical and commercial success, and it helped to establish Chicano art as an important and influential art movement.

Collections

Chicano art can be found in collections throughout the United States. The Smithsonian American Art Museum has a significant collection of Chicano art, including works by Carlos Almaraz, Frank Romero, and Patssi Valdez. The Los Angeles County Museum of Art also has a significant collection of Chicano art, including works by Asco, Carlos Almaraz, and Gronk. The National Hispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico has a collection of over 2,500 works of Chicano art, including works by Luis Jiménez and Carmen Lomas Garza.

Chicano art has become increasingly popular in mainstream media and popular culture. Its unique blend of Mexican and American influences has caught the attention of filmmakers, photographers, and other artists alike. This section will explore how Chicano art has been represented in popular culture, specifically in film and photography.

Film

Chicano art has been featured in numerous films over the years. One of the most notable examples is the 1987 film "La Bamba," which tells the story of Chicano rock and roll musician Ritchie Valens. The film features a number of Chicano artists and musicians, including Carlos Almaraz, Frank Romero, and Eddie Martinez. These artists were instrumental in the Chicano art movement of the 1970s and 1980s, and their work is still celebrated today.

Another film that prominently features Chicano art is the 1992 movie "American Me," directed by and starring Edward James Olmos. The film tells the story of a Chicano gang leader and his rise to power in the California prison system. The film features a number of Chicano artists, including Gronk, who designed the film's poster.

Photography

Chicano art has also been represented in photography. One of the most well-known Chicano photographers is Laura Aguilar, who was known for her portraits of Chicano and LGBTQ communities. Her work often explored issues of identity and representation.

Another notable Chicano photographer is Harry Gamboa Jr., who was a founding member of the Chicano art collective ASCO. His work often explored issues of race, gender, and identity, and he was known for his innovative use of photography and performance art.

In conclusion, Chicano art has had a significant impact on popular culture, particularly in the realms of film and photography. Its unique blend of Mexican and American influences has resonated with audiences around the world, and its influence can still be seen in contemporary art today.

Chicano art has always been closely tied to activism and social justice issues. Many Chicano artists have used their work as a form of protest against discrimination and police brutality, as well as to advocate for workers' rights and other social issues.

Protest Art

One of the most prominent forms of Chicano art is protest art. This type of art is often created in response to social or political issues, and is intended to inspire action or raise awareness. Protest art can take many forms, including murals, paintings, and sculptures.

Chicano artists have used protest art to draw attention to a variety of issues, including police brutality, immigration reform, and workers' rights. Some of the most famous examples of Chicano protest art include murals depicting Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers movement, as well as paintings and sculptures that address issues of discrimination and inequality.

Union Art

Another important form of Chicano art is union art. This type of art is created in support of unions and workers' rights, and often depicts scenes of strikes, marches, and boycotts. Union art can take many forms, including posters, paintings, and sculptures.

Chicano artists have been involved in the labor movement for many years, and have used their art to support workers' rights and advocate for better working conditions. Some of the most famous examples of Chicano union art include posters depicting the United Farm Workers movement, as well as paintings and sculptures that address issues of social justice and inequality.

Overall, Chicano art has played an important role in the fight for social justice and equality. Through their work, Chicano artists have raised awareness of important issues and inspired action. Whether through protest art or union art, Chicano artists have made a significant contribution to the struggle for a more just and equitable society.

Chicano Art and the Latinx Community

Chicano art is a form of Mexican American art that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s as an extension of the Chicano Movement. It is a diverse and ever-changing art form that encompasses a wide range of mediums, themes, and concerns. Chicano art seeks to establish a collective autonomous identity and challenge existing stereotypes.

Chicano art is an expression of the Latinx community and its cultural identity. It reflects the rich heritage of Latin America and the unique experiences of Latinx people in the United States. Chicano art often incorporates elements of Mexican culture, such as Aztec and Mayan symbols, as well as traditional Mexican folk art.

Chicano art is also an expression of life in the barrio, or the Mexican American community. Many Chicano artists grew up in impoverished neighborhoods and experienced discrimination and marginalization. Their art reflects the struggles and triumphs of the Latinx community, as well as its resilience and creativity.

Chicano art has played an important role in the Latinx community by providing a means of self-expression and cultural preservation. It has also challenged mainstream society's perceptions of Latinx people and their culture. Chicano art has inspired and influenced many Latinx artists, as well as artists from other backgrounds.

Overall, Chicano art is an important part of the Latinx community and its cultural heritage. It is a powerful form of self-expression and a means of challenging existing stereotypes and perceptions. Chicano art reflects the unique experiences and struggles of the Latinx community, while also celebrating its rich heritage and cultural identity.

Chicano art has faced several challenges and criticisms since its inception. Some of these challenges are unique to the Chicano community, while others are shared with other marginalized groups.

One of the main challenges faced by Chicano artists is the issue of immigration and displacement. Many Chicano artists have experienced displacement and have had to navigate the complex issues surrounding immigration. This has led to a sense of alienation and a feeling of being caught between two cultures. However, this sense of displacement has also led to a unique perspective that has allowed Chicano artists to create work that is both personal and political.

Another challenge faced by Chicano artists is racial profiling and discrimination. Many Chicano artists have experienced discrimination and have had to navigate a society that often views them as outsiders. This has led to a sense of anger and frustration that is often reflected in their work. Chicano artists have used their art as a form of resistance, challenging the dominant narrative and advocating for social justice.

Undocumented immigrants and the militarization of the border are also issues that have had an impact on Chicano art. Many Chicano artists have been directly affected by these issues and have used their art to raise awareness and advocate for change. The militarization of the border has led to a sense of fear and anxiety that is reflected in the work of many Chicano artists.

Despite these challenges, Chicano art continues to thrive and evolve. Chicano artists have used their art to challenge the dominant narrative and to reclaim their cultural heritage. They have created works that are both personal and political, and that speak to the experiences of the Chicano community. Chicano art is an important part of American culture and continues to inspire and challenge audiences today.

Future of Chicano Art

The Chicano Art Movement has come a long way since its inception in the 1960s. The movement has been a vital part of American history, affirming the cultural identity of Mexican Americans and their place in society. Scholars have noted that Chicano Art has been instrumental in highlighting the issues faced by the community, including social inequality, cultural oppression, and discrimination.

The future of Chicano Art looks bright, with many young artists continuing to create works that reflect the vitality of the community and its struggles. The movement has expanded beyond its original focus on the barrio and now includes artists from all over the country, creating a diverse and vibrant art scene.

As the movement continues to evolve, it is likely that Chicano Art will become even more integrated into mainstream American art history. This integration will not only provide greater exposure for Chicano artists, but it will also help to expand the cultural dialogue and understanding between different communities.

Overall, the future of Chicano Art is promising, with the movement continuing to inspire and challenge artists to create works that reflect the unique experiences and perspectives of the community.

Conclusion

Chicano art is a unique blend of traditional Mexican art, American pop culture, and contemporary issues. It has played an essential role in expressing the cultural identity and struggles of the Mexican-American community. The Chicano art movement represents groundbreaking movements by Mexican-American artists to establish a unique artistic identity in the United States. Much of the art and the artists creating Chicano Art were heavily influenced by Chicano Movement (El Movimiento) which began in the 1960s.

Chicano art style has been used to express the Chicano community's self-determination, restoration of land grants, civil and political rights, and other issues. One of the most significant examples of Chicano art is Chicano Park, a community park in San Diego that was created in response to the city's plan to build a highway through the heart of the Chicano community. The park features a variety of murals and sculptures that reflect the Chicano community's history and culture.

Gil Padilla, also known as Black Eagle, was one of the most prominent Chicano artists in the 1960s and 1970s. His work often addressed issues related to Aztlán, the mythical homeland of the Aztecs that many Chicanos see as their ancestral homeland. Padilla's work also challenged racial stereotypes and celebrated the beauty and strength of the Chicano community.

The Archives of American Art in Denver has an extensive collection of Chicano art, including works by many of the most significant Chicano artists. The archives also offer scholarships and other resources to support the study of Chicano art and culture in higher education.

In conclusion, Chicano art is an essential part of the Mexican-American community's cultural identity and has played a vital role in expressing their struggles and aspirations. It is a unique and powerful art form that continues to inspire and challenge artists and audiences alike.

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Chicano Art Style: A Brief Overview of its History and Ideas

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Chicano art style is a unique form of art that emerged in the United States in the 1960s. It is a product of the Chicano movement, which was a chicano drawings

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Cheech Marin’s Personal Collection Of Chicano Art Opening To Public In Riverside, California

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Richard “Cheech” Marin–the iconic comedian and actor–had for 30 years established himself as a preeminent collector of Chicano art by the time officials from the City of Riverside, CA and the Riverside Art Museum approached him about turning his collection into a museum.

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Cheech Marin brings his collection of Chicano art to Colorado

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The Cheech (Preview) | Artbound | PBS SoCal

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Mexico's brutal drug war claims thousands of lives every year, as powerful trafficking groups battle it out for territory and influence.

These cartels control vast areas of the country and are also responsible for political corruption, assassinations and kidnappings.

But which groups are the most powerful?

The Sinaloa Cartel

Territory: Much of the north-west.

The US government has described the Sinaloa Cartel as one of the largest drug-trafficking organisations in the world.

Founded in the late 1980s, it was for many years headed by the notorious drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán. "El Chapo" - or "Shorty" - was once ranked as one of the world's richest men. His life and vast drug-trafficking empire have been the subject of numerous books and TV series.

Under his leadership, the cartel garnered a fierce reputation for violence and outfought several rival groups. Mexican cartels often clash with one another, but it's also worth noting that they can form strategic alliances as well.

The Sinaloa became the biggest supplier of illegal drugs to the US during Guzmán's long reign as leader, officials say.

The cartel kidnapped, tortured and slaughtered members of rival criminal gangs. It also had access to a huge arsenal of weapons, including a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and Guzmán's own gold plated AK-47.

But in July 2019, the drug lord was sentenced to life in prison following one of the most high-profile trials in recent US history.

Prosecutors said Guzmán had trafficked cocaine, heroin and marijuana, and kept a network of dealers, kidnappers and assassins on his payroll.

His jailing led to an increase of violence in the region as other groups sought to take advantage. Despite this, the Sinaloa Cartel remains hugely powerful. It still dominates north-west Mexico and is reported to have a presence in cities ranging from Buenos Aires to New York.

It also continues to make billions of dollars from trafficking illicit narcotics to the US, Europe and Asia, experts say. With its long-time leader now behind bars, the cartel is said to be partially controlled by Mr Guzmán's son, Ovidio Guzmán Lopez.

When the younger Guzmán was arrested by the security forces in October 2019, Sinaloa Cartel gunmen were quick to demonstrate the group's serious military might.

They fought street battles with the army in broad daylight, set fire to vehicles, and even staged a prison break before their leader was eventually freed. It was a sign the group remains an immensely powerful force.

The Jalisco New Generation (CJNG)

Territory: The west, mainly the Tierra Caliente region.

Formed in about 2010, the Jalisco cartel is the strongest and most aggressive competitor to the Sinaloa.

The group has expanded rapidly across Mexico and is now one of the country's most dominant organised crime groups. Its assets are thought to be worth more than $20bn (£15.5bn).

The cartel is led by Ruben Oseguera, known as "El Mencho", a former police officer who is Mexico's most wanted man. The bounty for his capture? A cool $10m.

The Jalisco cartel is one of the main distributors of synthetic drugs on the continent, according to the US government. It is a key player in the illegal amphetamine market in the US and Europe and is also thought to have links to the drug market in Asia.

It has grown much more powerful in recent years and its rise has been fuelled by its use of extreme violence.

"It remains the most aggressive cartel in Mexico," according to the US-based geopolitical analysis firm Stratfor. "Its efforts to expand its area of control are largely responsible for the persistent wave of violence racking Tijuana, Juarez, Guanajuato and Mexico City."

Indeed, the cartel has gained notoriety for a series of attacks on security forces and public officials.

It has downed an army helicopter with a rocket-propelled grenade, killed dozens of state officials, and has even been known to hang the bodies of its victims from bridges to intimidate its rivals.

And, according to experts in the region, it is set to expand further.

The Gulf Cartel

Territory: The north-east, centred around the border state of Tamaulipas.

This is one of Mexico's oldest criminal groups and its roots can be traced back to the 1980s.

It became known around this time for trafficking cocaine and marijuana into the US. It is also thought to have smuggled heroin and amphetamines, and it worked closely with cartels in Colombia.

By the 1990s, the Gulf Cartel's drug trafficking operation was reportedly bringing in billions of dollars every year. It maintained this network by engaging in political corruption and bribery as a means to keep officials on side.

The cartel was initially led by Juan García Abrego, the first Mexican drug lord to be included in the FBI's 10 most wanted list. He was captured in 1996 and jailed for life in the US.

His heir, Osiel Cardenas Guillen, built up the cartel's military wing. He recruited a number of corrupt special forces soldiers and pushed an even more violent approach. Those soldiers would eventually go rogue and form a rival cartel of their own (more on this later).

Cardenas was arrested in 2003 and is currently serving 25 years in jail in the US. His brother and top leader of the cartel, Ezequiel Cardenas Guillen, was killed in a shootout with Mexican troops in 2010.

The cartel then split into multiple factions with different leaders. It has been weakened as a result, and is engaged in a vicious turf war with the...

... Los Zetas Cartel

Territory: Also the north-east.

This group was founded by corrupt members of an elite unit of Mexico's special forces.

More than 30 ex-soldiers were hired by the leader of the Gulf Cartel in the 1990s but, as mentioned above, they broke away and formed their own operation in 2010.

The two cartels then clashed violently, particularly in Mexico's north-east. The Zetas became particularly well-known for their brutality, often torturing and decapitating their victims.

By 2012, the Zetas had reached the peak of their powers. The were named as the country's biggest drug gang, overtaking their bitter rivals the Sinaloa, and were thought to operate in more than half of the Mexican states.

They moved beyond drugs and turned their hand to any crime that brought them money, from cigarette smuggling to human trafficking.

But, later in 2012, one of their leaders was killed in a shootout with the Mexican Navy. His replacement, Miguel Ángel Treviño Morales, was captured. His younger brother, Omar Treviño Morales, took over but was also caught in 2015.

This marked the beginning of the cartel's decline. A lack of leadership caused the Zetas to splinter and allowed rival groups to assert dominance, according to analysis from Insight Crime, which monitors organised crime in the Americas.

The Zetas lost ground as others, notably the Jalisco cartel, expanded to take their east coast territory. Internal divisions have also served to weaken the group, but it remains a dangerous force.

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Mexico cartels: Which are the biggest and most powerful?

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After a wave of violence rocks the country, we profile the most notorious organised crime groups.

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Caked in filth, the world's most powerful drug baron hauled himself from a manhole.

For Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, whose feats of escapology were matched only by his drug-smuggling acumen, it was a trademark yet ultimately futile manoeuvre. The 17 Mexican marines raiding his ranch nearby would catch him soon enough.

Six months earlier, he had humiliated Mexican authorities by fleeing Mexico's most secure prison, his second jailbreak in two decades. This time he would not slip through their fingers, although those who caught him were left in no doubt how angry he was to have been arrested.

"You are all going to die," he warned police in the hours after his capture in Los Mochis, north-west Mexico, on 8 January 2016.

Three years on, Guzmán has been handed a life sentence, plus 30 years, after being found guilty of international drug smuggling in a lurid three-month trial that exposed his criminal empire.

At his sentencing in New York, Guzmán said he had received an unfair trial and his treatment in solitary confinement was tantamount to torture.

"We're never going to see his like again," Douglas Century, the author of the book Hunting El Chapo, told the BBC.

Guzmán was the oldest of seven children born into a poor family in the rural community of La Tuna in Sinaloa state, north-west Mexico.

His parents - Emilio Guzmán Bustillos and María Consuelo Loera Pérez - earned their living from farming. His father was officially a cattle rancher but is believed to have been an opium poppy farmer, Malcolm Beith writes in his book, The Last Narco.

Guzmán's enterprising spirit was apparent from a young age. He would support his family by selling oranges to peasant farmers for a few pesos. His penchant for the spoils of wealth didn't go unnoticed, either. In a Vice News podcast, Guzmán's younger sister Bernarda said he would wear fake gold jewellery when visiting family members.

"Even as a little child, he had ambitions," his mother told filmmakers in 2014. She recalled he had "a lot of paper money" which he would count and recount.

His first foray into organised crime came at the age of 15, when he cultivated his own marijuana plantation with his cousins. Then, he adopted the nickname "El Chapo" - Mexican slang for "Shorty". But his ambitions belied his diminutive stature (he is only 5ft 6ins, or 1.64m).

In his late teens, Guzmán left La Tuna to seek his fortune in drug smuggling. "He always fought for a better life," his mother said.

That better life would come at a cost, paid for by illegal drugs and years of bloodshed. From his beginnings as a hitman, Guzmán's rise through the ranks of the criminal underworld was swift.

Former cartel kingpin Héctor "El Güero" Palma gave Guzmán his first break in Guadalajara in the late 1970s, when he oversaw a shipment of drugs from the Sierra Madre mountains. Guzmán was ambitious and eager to increase the quantities of drugs being transported, according to Mr Beith's book, The Last Narco. He was also "no-nonsense" and would execute employees himself if deliveries were late, Mr Beith said.

Guzmán's reputation for ruthless efficiency was duly noted. In the 1980s he was introduced to Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo - known as the Godfather of the Guadalajara cartel - who put him in charge of handling logistics.

When Félix Gallardo was arrested in 1989, his cartel's drug trafficking territories were divided among different factions, later known as The Federation. Guzmán was a beneficiary, setting up his own Sinaloa cartel with other traffickers in north-west Mexico.

In the 1990s, he honed his operation, pioneering the use of sophisticated underground tunnels to move drugs across the border.

"He was the go-to guy," David Weinstein, a former federal prosecutor in Miami, told the BBC. "When the United States started shutting down ports of entry in the Atlantic and Pacific in the 1990s, drugs had to go through Mexico. And if it had to go through Mexico, it had to go through El Chapo."

He invested his proceeds wisely, not only expanding his enterprise, but building infrastructure that benefited locals in Sinaloa too. This cemented his popularity. "You are Santa Claus. And everybody likes Santa Claus," Eduardo Medina Mora, Mexico's former ambassador in Washington, told the New Yorker in 2014.

Over time, Guzmán's cartel became one of the biggest traffickers of drugs to the US and in 2009, he entered Forbes' list of the world's richest men at number 701, with an estimated worth of $1bn (£709m).

As his wealth and empire grew, so too did scrutiny from law enforcement. "The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) have been after him for decades," Mr Weinstein said.

In 1993, a Roman Catholic cardinal was shot dead in a turf war with rival drug smugglers. Guzmán was among those blamed and a bounty was placed on his head by the Mexican government. His moustachioed face, previously unknown to the public, started appearing in newspapers and on TV screens. Within weeks, he was arrested in Guatemala and he was later sentenced to 20 years in prison on charges of conspiracy, drug trafficking and bribery.

A prison psychological profile described him as "egocentric, narcissistic, shrewd, persistent, tenacious, meticulous, discriminating, and secretive", according to the New Yorker. In prison, he enjoyed a life of luxury, smuggling in lovers, prostitutes and Viagra, according to reports in Mexico.

Eight years behind bars was enough for Guzmán. In January 2001, he broke out of a top-security jail, Puente Grande. He did so, as the myth goes, in a laundry cart. What's more likely, multiple journalists and authors argue, is that he simply walked out of the door with the help of corrupt guards.

Guzmán controlled the prison to such an extent he escaped in police uniform, Mexican journalist Anabel Hernández wrote in her book, Narcoland. Guzmán would spend the next decade evading authorities and consolidating his power as Mexico's pre-eminent drug smuggler. In that period, he always seemed to be one step ahead of would-be captors and rival cartels.

"He's a micro-manager," said Mr Century, who co-authored his book with Andrew Hogan, the undercover DEA agent who caught Guzmán in 2014. "In the text messages we have, he's in the weeds of every single minor facet of his drug operation."

Sex was his other preoccupation, Mr Century said. "He had more mistresses than you can probably fathom. This was his existence: having sex with strange women and micro-managing every detail of his operation."

After 13 years on the run, Guzmán was captured by Mexican marines called in by Mr Hogan in February 2014. Guzmán's second prison break, in July 2015, was arguably even more fantastical than the first. This time, his accomplices used GPS to burrow a 1.5km (one mile) tunnel that led directly underneath his cell in Altiplano prison in central Mexico.

The escape was elaborate and carefully planned. The tunnel had ventilation, lighting and stairs and the exit was hidden by a construction site. Mexican TV stations later aired footage that showed that guards failed to act when loud hammering was heard from inside Guzmán's cell.

Guzmán had embarrassed Mexico's government for the second time, leaving then-President Enrique Peña Nieto "deeply troubled" and "outraged".

His freedom, however, was short-lived. In January 2016, Guzmán was tracked down to a house in an affluent part of Los Mochis in northern Sinaloa. Five of Guzmán's guards were killed in the raid by Mexican marines and he managed to flee out of a manhole, but was caught in a car while leaving town. One year later, he was extradited to the US.

His Achilles' heel, Mr Century told the BBC, was his narcissism. He was reaching out to actors and directors to commission screenplays about his life, Mr Century said. His communication with actors and producers gifted Mexico's attorney general a new line of investigation.

"When he escaped from prison in 2015, he probably could have run away to the mountains and just lived," Mr Century said. Instead, Guzmán made the unprecedented move of granting an exclusive interview to Hollywood actor Sean Penn in October 2015. It was a decision that may have cost him his freedom.

"I have a fleet of submarines, airplanes, trucks and boats," he said in the interview published in Rolling Stone magazine. After his capture it was speculated - though never formally confirmed - that Mexican authorities found Guzmán by tracking Penn. "He contacted actresses and producers, which was part of one line of investigation," said Mexico's attorney general, Arely Gómez.

Facing a life sentence at a "supermax" prison in the US, Guzmán's fleet is of no use to him now.

Over his 30-year criminal career, he is believed to have earned more than $14bn (£11bn) in cash proceeds from narcotics sales, the US Department of Justice said. So far, the value of Guzmán's assets has proven difficult to verify. Forbes even removed him from its billionaire rankings over verification concerns.

The $14bn figure is too high, Bruce Bagley, a Mexican drug cartel expert, argued. He told Forbes that most Mexican drug lords plough their revenues into "operations and protection", estimating that "El Chapo probably makes well below a billion per year". Mr Weinstein said the $14bn figure was not unrealistic, but doubted the full amount would be recovered.

Some of his assets were mentioned during his 11-week trial in New York. A former cartel member told the court Guzmán bought homes in every state in Mexico. Miguel Angel Martinez said Guzmán was so wealthy, he had a private zoo, a $10m beach house and yacht he named after himself ("Chapito"), the court heard.

The most jaw-dropping revelations, however, were not about his wealth.

BBC reporter Tara McKelvey covered the trial, which started in November 2018. She said the courtroom "looked like a real-life movie", the jurors watching intently as they would a Netflix show.

His beauty queen wife, Emma Coronel Aispuro, she said, "looked bored most of the time" - even when Guzmán's former mistress testified. While Coronel remained placid, the trial's astonishing moments shocked others.

One witness, for example, told the court Guzmán buried a man alive. Another told of a rival narco chief who refused to shake Guzmán's hand - and paid for it with his life. Court papers also accused him of drugging and raping girls as young as 13, calling them his "vitamins".

The scale of his drug trafficking operation was laid bare, too.

Assistant US Attorney Adam Fels alleged that Guzmán had sent the equivalent of more than a line of cocaine for every single person in the US in just four shipments. And to protect his businesses, a bribe of $100m (£77m) was paid to former President Peña Nieto when he took office in 2012, it was alleged in court. Mr Peña Nieto strenuously denies the allegation.

When Guzmán's guilty verdict was read aloud, his mouth was "agape" and he looked "vaguely stunned", the New York Times reported.

In a trial that attracted podcasters, screenwriters and true-crime obsessives, some observers said the media attention trivialised the proceedings. The intention was quite the contrary, our correspondent said. The trial was meant to be a public spectacle to show what El Chapo and his henchmen had done and to send a warning to others, she said.

The title of Mr Beith's book, The Last Narco, suggests Guzmán is one of a dying breed of ultra-violent drug barons as bloodthirsty as they are shrewd.

Yet, while Guzmán is likely to die behind bars, Mexico's drug-smuggling problem is likely to outlive him. In his Rolling Stone interview, Guzmán said it was false to assume drug trafficking would cease "the day I don't exist".

For all his supposed vanity and self-confidence, not even Guzmán can claim to be the last narco.

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El Chapo: How Mexico's drug kingpin fell victim to his own legend

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Caked in filth, the world's most powerful drug baron hauled himself from a manhole. For Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, whose feats of escapology were matched only by his drug-smuggling acumen, it was a trademark yet ultimately futile manoeuvre. The 17 Mexican marines raiding his ranch nearby would catch him soon enough.

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A look at the 8 Latin American crime groups designated as terrorist organizations by the US

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The United States government is formally designating eight Latin American organized crime groups that also operate in the U.S. to be “foreign terrorist organizations.”

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Inside the Homes of Mexico’s Rich and Infamous (Published 2012)

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The seized houses of suspected drug traffickers in Mexico offer a window into the personal side of the country’s criminal culture.

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ARLINGTON - A mansion with a checkered past is hitting the online auction block next month, drawing as much interest for its proximity to Cowboys Stadium as its role in a North Texas drug case.

Appraised at $3.7 million with a yearly tax bill of $50,997, the four-story home is in a gated community in southwest Arlington.

The property was seized after the 2005 arrest of its owner, Rakesh Jyoti Saran, in the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's Operation CYBERx, which targeted more than 22 illegal Internet pharmacies.

Realtors say it's beautiful, and affordable, considering its size and location.

"The Super Bowl is coming in February, and it's just a hop, skip and a jump from that location," said Jenny Lynch, spokeswoman for Bid4Assets.com, the company organizing the property's online auction.

According to reports, the drug dealers arrested in the operation took orders for prescription drugs online and then shipped them to people across the country, raking in an average profit of more than $50,000 a day.

Saran pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit health care fraud, two counts of mail fraud, one count of conspiracy to distribute controlled substances and other federal offenses. In December 2009, Saran was sentenced to serve 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay $68 million in restitution for his involvement in the scheme.

As part of his plea agreement, Saran forfeited the custom home, which was under construction in Arlington. It was sold by the U.S. Marshals Service in May 2008 to Austin investor HS Panorama, LP for $1.2 million.

After acquiring the house in 2008, the buyer spent about nine months fixing up the property.

"Because it sat vacant for two years, it was pretty beat up," said Jamie Adams, principal and founder of Adams & Company Real Estate.

The seven-bedroom, eight-bathroom and four half-bathroom home at 2324 Panorama Court sits on 2.6 acres overlooking the Rush Creek greenbelt. It has now been restored to a livable condition.

The home was designed by Arlington architect Don Wheaton. Some of the amenities leave traces of its almost-owner, such as a nursery adjacent to the master bedroom built because Saran's wife was expecting a baby. A three-panel landscape mural in the master bedroom entryway was painted by an artist who Saran flew in from Italy to do the job. The house also features an indoor pool, a home theater and heated marble tile throughout.

The residence has been listed for about 440 days. Though Adams said he received some acceptable offers, it turned out they weren't from qualified buyers.

"Unfortunately in today's market with these kinds of homes, you have a lot of people that come out of the woodwork that are more dreamers than doers," Adams said.

The online auction will begin on Oct. 5. A pre-bid of $50,000 is required, with the starting bid set at $1.5 million. But Adams said he hopes it will sell for somewhere in the high $3 millions.

The condition of the real estate market makes that price tag a bargain, because the 22,000-square-foot mansion would cost between $5 million and $6 million to build, he said.

"It's probably, if you look at it, one of the top 10 largest homes in Tarrant County," Adams said. "You're not going to find a better deal." AT A GLANCE: ESTATE'S AMENITIES

The Mediterranean-style home about four miles from Cowboys Stadium has some unusual amenities, which include:

*Five fireplaces

*A sauna

*An indoor heated pool

*A dance studio

*A library

*Balconies across the rear facade

SOURCE: Fine Homes International

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Drug dealer's mansion on the online auction block in Arlington

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ARLINGTON - A mansion with a checkered past is hitting the online auction block next month, drawing as much interest for its proximity to Cowboys Stadium as...

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Architecture of Mexico: Projects that Demonstrate the Style and Culture of Sinaloa

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Projects that illustrate the vibrant and evolving architectural traditions of Sinaloa, Mexico.

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Gallery of Architecture of Mexico: Projects that Demonstrate the Style and Culture of Sinaloa - 8

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Image 8 of 13 from gallery of Architecture of Mexico: Projects that Demonstrate the Style and Culture of Sinaloa. Photograph by Onnis Luque

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Gallery of Architecture of Mexico: Projects that Demonstrate the Style and Culture of Sinaloa - 9

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Image 9 of 13 from gallery of Architecture of Mexico: Projects that Demonstrate the Style and Culture of Sinaloa. Photograph by Patrick López Jaimes

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Located in Culiacán, 3 miles from Estadio Banorte, InHouse Culiacán has accommodations with an outdoor swimming pool, free private parking, a garden and a…

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Crazy Colorful LOST Mansion by Barragán [Menil House, Houston, TX]

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Gerardo Ortiz - El Cholo (Official Video)

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Banda Sinaloense, the Underdog of Mexican Folk Music, Part 1

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Vicente Fernández - Volver, Volver (En Vivo)[Un Azteca en el Azteca]

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Beatriz Adriana "La Tequilera" Quevole y Copitas de Mezcal"

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Beatríz Adriana - El cofrecito - Disco de Oro

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Beatriz Adriana -EL COFRECITO-, 1981..VOB

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Jenni Rivera - Chuper Amigos (En Vivo Nokia Theater Los Angeles 2010)

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Radical art, radical communities, and radical dreams: Guillermo Gómez-Peña at TEDxCalArts

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By Police1 Staff

Subcultures often identify themselves through a particular style of music. Song lyrics are also a way for law enforcement to keep up with current information on dangerous fads in culture. That's what makes the story of Rosalino "Chalino" Sanchez important to learn from.

Chalino is one of the first and most famous musicians to sing narcocorridos, a style of music strongly tied to Mexican drug and gang culture, and inherently law enforcement.

Chalino Sanchez (Photo/YouTube)

The man behind the music

Chalino Sanchez was born in the Sinaloa state in Mexico in 1962. His family was impoverished and lived in an isolated village. At the age of 15, Chalino shot and killed one of the several men who had raped his sister four years earlier. After the incident, he left for the United States to stay with an aunt in Los Angeles. Once in California, he worked numerous jobs, including a stint as a "coyote" (someone who smuggles illegal aliens into the US).

In the early 1980s, Chalino was sentenced to serve eight months in La Mesa jail for a variety of petty crimes.

During his time in jail, Chalino practiced music and exchanged stories with other Sinaloans. This experience inspired Chalino to describe these stories through a type of Sinaloan song called a corrido. Historically, this music was composed to tell the stories of heroes from the Mexican Revolution or infamous bandits.

The rise of Chalino's music

Once released, Chalino quickly established a reputation for writing corridos on commission and his music career took off. There was a massive demand for his music. He wrote stories that resonated with his own background and experiences in Sinaloa.

While he rarely mentioned the drug trade directly in his music, listeners still knew the connection and the meaning of the music. Chalino told the stories of men who overcame impossible poverty to survive and develop power, as valientes, and about the reality of dying from the violence in a corrupt system.

Because of the content and the stories told in the music, this style of song became known as a narcocorrido. While it told a story in the manner of a traditional corrido, these were so tied to the lifestyle of the drug culture, that they took on the term 'narco' from narcotics.

The gang culture

The narcocorridos, also called corridos prohibidos, resonated with Sinaloans that moved to L.A. As narcocorridos became more popular in Southern California, it became adopted by other artists but remained largely eschewed by major labels. The root of this was that mainstream culture did not understand the conditions that led to the narco-culture that was predominantly Sinaloan.

Being very poor in Mexico meant drug smuggling was one of the only ways to find financial security. As organized crime and its influence grew, drug smugglers began to be regarded as heroes at times.

Similar to the way in which 'gangster rap' became part of the lifestyle for gang members in urban cities, narcocorridos became very popular with Sinaloan Cowboys. The musical tales of narco heroes glorifies the violence in the drug trade and made this style of music the rallying cry for organized drug-smuggling gangs.

The impact of Narcocorridos

For this reason, narcocorridos remain largely prohibited, and musicians who pursue this type of lifestyle are often in danger. Chalino himself was killed in 1992, after being pulled over at a traffic circle by a group of armed men who flashed state police identification cards. Chalindo was then blindfolded, tied up and shot in the head twice. No motive was established and no suspects were arrested, though there is little doubt the murder was fueled by the drug trade.

Since Chalino's death, there have been at least a dozen big-name narcocorrido performers that have been murdered, including Valentin Elizalde in 2006 and Sergio Gomez in 2007. In 2013, there were 17 less-famous narcocorrido musicians murdered. For them, the music, drugs, and the culture are all entwined, in life and commonly, in death.

Yet, despite the peril many of these musicians' face, many are still performing, simply to give voice to a culture and a way of life that the vast majority of people cannot relate to. Chalino Sanchez paved the way for an entire genre of music to fill a void and even today it remains an integral part of Mexican drug cartels and their various gangs.

[i] Quinones, S. (2001). True Tales from Another Mexico: They Lynch Mob, The Popsicle Kings, Chalino, and the Bronx. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

[ii] Mertova, V. (n.d.). The "narco-culture" in Mexico: Narcocorridos and Chalino Sanchez. On The Post, Karlova University. Retrieved April 7, 2017 from http://postnito.cz/the-narco-culture-in-mexico-narcocorridos-and-chalino-sanchez/

[iii] Cobo, L. (2015, April 10). It's like a horror movie: The grisly details behind Mexico's narcocorrido murder epidemic. On Billboard. Retrieved April 7, 2017 from http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/6531208/behind-mexico-narcocorrido-music-murder-epidemic

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By Police1 Staff Subcultures often identify themselves through a particular style of music. Song lyrics are also a way for law enforcement to keep up with current information on dangerous fads in culture. That's what makes the story of Rosalino "Chalino" Sanchez important to learn from.

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NathArmy FC Mundial - Natalia Jiménez FANS

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