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Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, later known as Émilie du Châtelet, was born in Paris, France. She came from an aristocratic family that encouraged her early interest in education and science.

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At the age of 19, Émilie married the Marquis Florent-Claude du Châtelet. This marriage allowed her more freedom to pursue her intellectual interests, as was common for women of her social standing at the time.

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Émilie began a romantic and intellectual relationship with the famous philosopher Voltaire. This partnership would prove crucial in her scientific pursuits, as they collaborated on many projects and challenged each other intellectually.

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1737: Publishing 'Dissertation on the Nature and Propagation of Fire'

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1737: Publishing 'Dissertation on the Nature and Propagation of Fire'

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Du Châtelet anonymously submitted her first scientific paper to a contest held by the French Academy of Sciences. Although she didn't win, her work was published and praised, marking her entry into the scientific community.

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Émilie began writing her magnum opus, 'Institutions de Physique' (Foundations of Physics). This work would combine and reconcile the theories of Descartes, Leibniz, and Newton, showcasing her deep understanding of contemporary physics.

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1740: Publication of Institutions de Physique

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1740: Publication of Institutions de Physique

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Du Châtelet's 'Institutions de Physique' was published. This comprehensive work on physics became a valuable textbook in many European schools and universities, cementing her reputation as a serious scientist.

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Émilie wrote 'Discourse on Happiness,' a philosophical work that explored the nature of happiness and advocated for women's education. This showcased her diverse intellectual interests beyond physics.

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1745: Beginning the Translation of Newton's Principia

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1745: Beginning the Translation of Newton's Principia

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Du Châtelet began her most significant scientific contribution: translating Isaac Newton's 'Principia Mathematica' into French. This monumental task would make Newton's groundbreaking work accessible to a wider audience in France.

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1749: Completion of Newton's Principia Translation

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1749: Completion of Newton's Principia Translation

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Émilie worked tirelessly to complete her translation and commentary on Newton's Principia, even as she was pregnant with her fourth child. She added her own insights and clarifications, making the work more accessible.

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September 10, 1749: A Brilliant Mind Lost Too Soon

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September 10, 1749: A Brilliant Mind Lost Too Soon

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Tragically, Émilie du Châtelet died at the age of 42, just days after giving birth to her daughter. Her translation of Newton's Principia was published posthumously in 1759 and remained the standard French translation for over a century.

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Émilie du Châtelet's work paved the way for future women in science. Her contributions to physics, particularly in understanding kinetic energy, and her role in spreading Newtonian ideas in France, have earned her a place among the great minds of the Enlightenment era.