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This behavior usually happens towards economically poor, minority language culture homes

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This excludes parents as literacy partners and resources, and can make the student feel really bad

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Another issue that can happen is schools or teacher assuming that parents and their children are illiterate just because they do not speak English

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If this happens, bilingual students become bicultural

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Both literacy worlds need to respected and celebrated in the classroom

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The school and teachers are in charge of diffusing the tension between the two literacy worlds and helping the student navigate the differences

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Children are exposed to two literacy worlds, which means two versions of appropriate literacy behavior

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Students might feel challenged because of the differences in literacy expectations and practices between school and ethnic groups

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Some can read for recreation and others for utilitarian purposes

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The school might have different purposes, resources, and processes for literacy

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It is important to understand that reading at home (or in the community) can differ from reading at school

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Reading and what it means to read can differ greatly between cultures, subcultures, and ethnic groups

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The social and cultural context of literacy includes the relationship between ethnic communities and literacy acquisition

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Classroom based assessment like student portfolios are encouraged

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In order to have a multilingual approach to literacy, teachers and schools must avoid only using standardized tests and assessments since these only reflect certain types of skills form the dominant language literacy

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Resources to teach multiliteracies include materials, literacy strategies, and people (teachers, parents, teacher support staff, peer teaching and peer support)

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This can be accomplished through positive cultural displays of the different languages and varieties in the classroom

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Multiliteracies can help raise learning, motivation, and self esteem in the classroom

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Literacy is viewed from social, cultural, and religious contexts

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Multilingual literacies or multiliteracies refers to the different languages, language varieties, and regional uses of a language.

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Recently, they added information, emotional, scientific, and financial literacy

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In the mid 1960s educators proposed a pedagogy of multiliteracies that included visual, audio, gestural, and spatial literacies, and focused on the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity