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Often described as the catalyst for World War 1, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie were assassinated on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip.

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Crowd gathered outside of Buckingham Palace cheering after the declaration of war. 

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German forces enter Belgium, United Kingdom declares war upon Germany

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German forces enter Belgium, United Kingdom declares war upon Germany

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German forces invaded Belgium on August 2, 1914. Germany was given an ultimatum by the British government. The deadline for the ultimatum was reached and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914.

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The First Battle of the Marne took place between September 6-12 1914. German forces attempted to advance into Paris and eventually all of France, however Allied forces were able to fend off and defeat the German forces.

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Defeat of the Prussian Guard, Ypres, 1914 by William Barnes Wollen

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First Battle of Ypres took place between October 19th - November 22 1914 in the city of Ypres. Often referred as "The Race to the Sea" , German forces attempted to break through Allied forces and capture French ports granting access to the North Sea. Trench warfare was used by both Allied and German forces and both sides faced massive casualties while making little advancements.

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Chemical warfare used at the Second Battle of Ypres

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Chemical warfare used at the Second Battle of Ypres

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The second battle of Ypres marked the first time which chemical warfare was used in World War 1. The German Army used chlorine gas cylinders on April 22, 1915.

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After suffering extreme losses during the war and with fewer and fewer citizens volunteering to serve in the army, the Military Service Act was instated which introduced conscription in 1916.

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French troops manning a captured German Maxim MG08 machine gun at Fort Douaumont, Verdun 

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The Battle of Verdun began on February 21 1916 and lasted until December 18 1916 the longest battle of World War 1.  Both French and German forces suffered major casualties, approximately 370 000 French casualties and approximately 340 000 German casualties.

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The Battle of Somme began on July 1, 1916 and lasted until November 18 1916. The battle was a joint effort between the British and French armies and is often credited with being one of the bloodiest battles in World War 1. On the first day of the battle over 55 000 British forces were injured. By the end of the battle there were over a million casualties.

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A key turning point in World War 1 was America's declaration of War against Germany in April of 1917. As German submarines continued to attack incoming merchant ships in the Atlantic, Americans became increasingly outraged. Additionally British intelligence intercepted a telegram sent by Arthur Zimmermann which proposed a secret alliance between Germany and Mexico, which has since been called The Zimmermann telegram. As American public opinion shifted, the United States declared war on Germany on April 6 1917 and was a major contribution in defeating the German forces.

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An armistice went into effect at 11 am on November 11, 1918 which halted the fighting between Germany and the Allies. The armistice was signed in France near Compiègne by the Allied Supreme Commander Ferdinand Foch and the recently appointed member of the Catholic Center Party Matthias Erzberger.

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The Treaty of Versailles was the culmination of the Paris Peace Conference. It was signed on June 28, 1919 in the Palace of Versailles. The treaty outlined the retributions imposed on the German Government. These punishments included financial compensation to Allied powers, 10% of German territories were lost, limitations were placed on the size of the German military and Germany had to take responsibility for the damage caused by World War 1. The Treaty of Versailles also created the League of nations which was formed to settle international disputes.

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The effects of World War 1 could be felt across the globe. In the UK, the Representation of the People Act allowed Women over 30 to vote granted they meet a property qualification. This was the first step towards more civil rights for Women in the UK and in 1928 the age was changed to 21. The British economy was decimated postwar as they had immense debt to pay off, totalling approximately 3 billion pounds.