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-June 18, 1815

-Took place in Belgium

-Marked the final defeat of Napoleon

-Napoleon’s forces were defeated by the Prussians and the British

-The British who were led by the Duke of Wellington won the battle

-End of Napoleon’s reign and of France’s domination in Europe

-Concluded a war that had raged for 23 years and ended French attempts to dominate Europe

-The battle started because Napoleon launched a series of wars that temporarily ended in 1814

https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/battle-of-waterloo

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- October 21, 1805

- Located west of cape Trafalgar, Spain

- Horatio Nelson led the British fleet

- Pierre de Villeneuve led the Spanish and French ships

- Approximately 1500 British men were killed

- About 14000 Spanish and French men are lost and half became prisoners of war

- Eventually Villeneuve was captured as well

- The main message British sent out was that Napoleon could be defeated and the British have some of the most strategic techniques for battles

- The battle was very one sided since the British were prepared for the battle more than the Spanish and French

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Trafalgar-European-history

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This article was most recently revised and updated by

Battle of Trafalgar, (October 21, 1805), naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, which established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years; it was fought west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cádiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. A fleet of 33 ships (18 French and 15 Spanish) under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve fought a British fleet of 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson.

The Battle of Trafalgar Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, B1981.25.554

At the end of September 1805, Villeneuve had received orders to leave Cádiz and land troops at Naples to support the French campaign in southern Italy. On October 19-20 his fleet slipped out of Cádiz, hoping to get into the Mediterranean Sea without giving battle. Nelson caught him off Cape Trafalgar on October 21.

Villeneuve ordered his fleet to form a single line heading north, and Nelson ordered his fleet to form two squadrons and attack Villeneuve's line from the west, at right angles. By noon the larger squadron, led by Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood in the Royal Sovereign, had engaged the rear (south) 16 ships of the French-Spanish line. At 11:50 am Nelson, in the Victory, signaled his famous message: "England expects that every man will do his duty." Then his squadron, with 12 ships, attacked the van and centre of Villeneuve's line, which included Villeneuve in the Bucentaure. The majority of Nelson's squadron broke through and shattered Villeneuve's lines in the pell-mell battle. Six of the leading French and Spanish ships, under Admiral Pierre Dumanoir, were ignored in the first attack and about 3:30 pm were able to turn about to aid those behind. But Dumanoir's weak counterattack failed and was driven off. Collingwood completed the destruction of the rear, and the battle ended about 5:00 pm. Villeneuve himself was captured, and his fleet lost 19 or 20 ships-which were surrendered to the British-and 14,000 men, of whom half were prisoners of war. Nelson was mortally wounded by a sniper, but when he died at 4:30 pm he was certain of his complete victory. About 1,500 British seamen were killed or wounded, but no British ships were lost. Trafalgar shattered forever Napoleon's plans to invade England.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Amy Tikkanen, Corrections Manager.

Learn More in these related Britannica articles:

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Bonaparte was known to be preparing for renewed war, and, two days before it broke out, Nelson, in May 1803, was given command in the Mediterranean, hoisting his flag in the Victory. Once again he was to blockade Toulon, now with the object of...

United Kingdom: The Napoleonic Wars

...French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar, thereby preventing an invasion of Britain. Napoleon, however, inflicted serious military defeats on the Austrians, Prussians, and Russians and invaded Spain. At one stage Britain's only remaining European allies were Sweden, Portugal, Sicily, and Sardinia; in short, the country was without any significant allies...

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At the Battle of Trafalgar (October 21, 1805), British naval gunners decimated the French and Spanish fleets, ending all thought of a cross-Channel invasion. Napoleon turned instead against Britain's Austrian and Russian allies. He surprised the Austrians at Ulm and then smashed them decisively at the Battle...

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Battle of Trafalgar | Summary, Facts, & Significance

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Battle of Trafalgar, naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars on October 21, 1805, which established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years; it was fought west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. Learn more about the Battle of Trafalgar in this article.

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1. The reason that this code was created was because Napoleon wanted a code that was pretty much straight forward, mad sense, and would be understood by all the citizens.
2. There were 2,281 articles but most of had to do with the right of property, and said that the children of a landowner could inherit their land.
3. Another name for Napoleonic code is The Civil Code.
4. Also, the Napoleonic Code made the authority of men over their families.
5. The Napoleonic Code retained the Revolution’s law that a civil authority must conduct marriages meaning that a father could reject his son’s marriage until 26 while could also reject his daughter’s marriage until 21.
6. The Napoleonic Code allowed divorce on the ground of cruelty, adultery, criminal conviction. In fact this law was most likely to be favor more for the husband and not for the wife.
7. The Napoleonic Code made the wife legally inferior to her husband meaning that she has to seek permission from her husband before doing something on her own, making the father more in charge than the wife was.
8. Later on, Napoleon added another code called a Code of Civil Procedure that contained Commercial Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and the Penal code.

https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-2-a-the-code-napoleon

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- The Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.
- The name Louisiana came from King Louis XIV of France.
- This land was sold to America in order to finance Napoleons wars of conquest in Europe.
- The final price for the Louisiana Purchase was $11,250,000, paid out by Jefferson and another $3,750,000 forgiven in debt France owed to America. In total $15,000,000.
- From 1804 -1806, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark went on a mission of exploration requested by Jefferson.
- Soon states that would be created from the Louisiana Purchase were Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, parts of Minnesota, etc...
- Jefferson wasn’t so sure about the deal but felt as if it were necessary because the port of New Orleans was so important that he did not want it to be controlled by France or by Spain or any other big colonial powers.
- America acquired around 827,000 square miles of land.

https://www.librarypoint.org/blogs/post/louisiana-purchase/

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The battle took place on October 21st, 1805

The battle was fought between the British and the Spanish/French

The British were outnumbered 30,000:18,000 and still pulled off a battle victory

The British had an advantage because Lord Nelson of the British created a battle plan before everything had started

The battle was very fierce, while Napoleon were leading the Franco-Spanish soldiers

Napoleon's reign as emperor of France had his first loss at the Battle of Trafalgar

The French army took a heavy hit to their numbers as well as the Spanish, combining to 4408 dead and 2545 wounded (20,000 prisoner)

This battle proved to the rest of Europe that Napoleon can be defeated and they should be scared to face this military tactic master

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/battle-of-trafalgar

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Collingwood was the first to reach the enemy line, firing a broadside into one of the Spanish flagships, Santa Anna. The ships in his division followed him, approaching in a slanting line, spreading the force of the impact and enveloping the allied rear as Nelson had intended.

Nelson meanwhile headed towards the great Spanish ship, Santissima Trinidad, but spotting that Villeneuve was flying his flag on the Bucentaure, the next ship astern, he ordered Flag Captain Thomas Hardy to attack her first. The Victory passed under the stern, firing a broadside as she went, giving the Bucentaure a knockout blow.

As the Victory moved on she became entangled in the Redoutable, and the two ships drifted away. This created a large gap in the Franco-Spanish line through which Nelson's division then poured, splitting the enemy fleet in two - again, exactly as Nelson intended.

The battle developed into a ferocious pounding match but the British had the advantage thanks to Nelson's strategic pre-planning and the fact his men were better trained in delivering rapid, accurate gunnery. When firing finally ceased at 5.30pm, 17 enemy ships had been captured and another was a blazing wreck. Four managed to escape but were captured a few weeks later, and 11 managed to struggle back to Cadiz.

A total of 449 British sailors were killed and 1217 wounded. French and Spanish losses were heavier: 4408 were dead, 2545 wounded and some 20,000 taken prisoner.

What happened after the Battle of Trafalgar?

Britain's decisive victory was overshadowed by news of the death of Nelson, who was shot onboard Victory at 1.15pm and died at 4.30pm. The triumph was further eclipsed by a fierce storm that raged after the battle, forcing the British to abandon most of their captured enemy ships.

News of Trafalgar reached London a fortnight later in the early hours of 6 November 1805. Public rejoicing for the victory was muted by widespread sorrow for the death of Nelson. As a reward for Trafalgar, Collingwood was made a baron, all the captains received the official Naval Gold Medal and a special grant of money was made by the government to all those who had taken part. This was to compensate them for the prize money they lost when their captured vessels sank in the storm.
Read more about the death of Nelson
The Battle of Trafalgar cemented Britain's reputation as ruler of the seas and demonstrated that the Royal Navy had superiority in training, professionalism and expertise in naval tactics that set it apart from its rivals. By 1809 there were over 140,000 men serving on 732 ships, more than ever before.

However, the victory at Trafalgar had little overall impact on the course of the war. Six weeks afterwards, Napoleon went on to confirm his ascendancy over Europe with a decisive victory over Austria and Russia at Austerlitz.

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Collingwood was the first to reach the enemy line, firing a broadside into one of the Spanish flagships, Santa Anna. The ships in his division followed him, approaching in a slanting line, spreading the force of the impact and enveloping the allied rear as Nelson had intended.

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Napoleon’s Opinions and Rules for Women - Ashrita Billanuka

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Napoleon’s Opinions and Rules for Women - Ashrita Billanuka

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1. Even though the code states “A husband owes protection to his wife, a wife obedience to her husband” the wife is only protected in certain situations.
2. An adulterous husband got a modest fine but an adulterous wife got 2 years of jail.
3. A women can only sue for divorce if the husband included her in the family household.
4. If a man killed his wife because she was with another man, he wouldn’t be prosecuted.
5. Men, married or single, didn’t need to support illegitimate children.
6. Women couldn’t get involved with anything legal.
7. Napoleon made the Code sexist because he was very sexist himself.
8. “Women should not be looked upon as the equals of men” Napoleon said this while having 20 wives and many illegitimate children.
9. “They are, in fact, only machines for making babies” -Napoleon
https://www.tribstar.com/features/valley_life/the-sexist-napoleonic-code-was-established-in-1804/article_bffad258-1c54-567b-9c72-b2b90452b76b.html

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- a diversionary attack against hougoumont for once Wellington had sent reinforcement the main attack would begin

- napoleon’s had 72,000 strong troops

- along a ridge of Mount St. Jean Wellington had his army set up

- When setting up positions Wellington used perfected tact ices that he used during the peninsular war.

- Most of the army was behind the ridge to not be seen while the rest were at three outposts in front

- west of the ridge stood the chateau of hougoumont

- at the east sat the hamlet of papelottle

- Napoleon last defeat was Waterloo

https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-waterloo

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1. This was the one major battle that Napoleon had lost, it was more important than all of his victories on land
2. The battle took place in 1805 off the southwest coast of Spain
3. Horatio Nelson, in a bold maneuver he split the larger French fleet which let him capture many ships
4.About 1,500 British seamen were killed or wounded, but no British ships were captured
5. The destruction of the French fleet ensured the supremacy of the British navy for the next 100 years
6. The destruction of the French fleet also forced Napoleon give up his plans of invading Britain
7. Villeneuve was captured, and his fleet lost 19 or 20 ships, and 14,000 men
8. Nelson was wounded by a sniper, but when he died he was certain of his victory

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Trafalgar-European-history

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- When Napoleon met his Waterloo, he wasn’t actually in Waterloo.

- British troops comprised only a minority of Wellington’s forces.

- A defeated Napoleon considered an escape to the United States.

- Hemorrhoids may have been Napoleon’s true Waterloo.

- Scavengers harvested “Waterloo teeth” from dead soldiers to make dentures.

- The Duke of Wellington pocketed a sizable tribute.

- The Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.

- Scavengers harvested “Waterloo teeth” from dead soldiers to make dentures.

https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-battle-of-waterloo & https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/battle-of-waterloo

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Name: charly Bautista
About the code:
-it completed the codification of the law
-if talked about the protection of people and private property.
-did not have the equal right for a women then men
-the napoleon code had theses right: freedom of religion and property rights.
-women had inheritance rights
-women and children depended on their father (legally)
-the code has several branches of law like criminal law.
-women couldn’t make a business without the father of approval.
-the code had influenced European countries.

Sources:https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/napoleonic-code-approved-in-france
https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-2-a-the-code-napoleon
And text book.

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-Invasion of Russia by Napoleon from October to December in 1812.
-More than 400k of French soldiers of Napoleons Grande Armée died.
-The French soldiers died due to mainly the cold and starvation.
-Napoleon could no longer overlook Russias disregard of its treaty obligations so he decided to invade Russia during June.
-After the invasion, Russia had huge losses.
-Napoleon decided to wait in Moscow for the peace and embassy that he thought would come from the tsar.
-After a month in Moscow, the French troops grew hungry and unruly so Napoleon ordered a retreat.
-Kutuzov, a marshal, refused to engage with Napoleons army since he saw no need to fight another battle since Napoleon was already leaving.

https://www.britannica.com/event/French-invasion-of-Russia

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Napoleon Code | Estefani Cholula Martinez

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Napoleon Code | Estefani Cholula Martinez

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Info on Napoleon Code:
- it was provided the first clear and complete codification of the French Law
- it emphasized the protection of the private property
- it denied the equal status of women with men but did not deny inheritance rights
- many achievements of the revolutionary were made permanent
- it had the freedom of religion, property rights, abolition of serfdom, and women gained inheritance rights
- the children and women were legally able to depend on their husbands or their father
- women could not buy or sell property or to start a business without their husbands consent
- the penalties for adultery were more severe for the women than the men
https://pa01000599.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/PA01000599/Centricity/Domain/81/13R-The_Napoleonic_Era.pdf

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Elizabeth Ramirez - Napoleon’s attempt to retake Saint Dominique/Saint Domingue

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Elizabeth Ramirez - Napoleon’s attempt to retake Saint Dominique/Saint Domingue

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In January 1802, Napoleon sent troops to Saint Domingue, what is now Haiti, to retake the island from Toussaint Louverture. Over a decade earlier, in 1791, a revolt erupted in Saint Domingue and a formerly enslaved man, Louverture, began to take control of the rebels and led a revolt. He found generals in Dessalines and Henri Christophe and led an effective guerrilla war against the colonists. They did this with support from the National Convention, who after realizing that the white slave-owners and deputies had misled them, freed all slaves on the islands threatened by Britain. Toussaint would then end up joining forces with the National Convention and Sonthonax, a commissioner sent to take charge of the island who wound up siding with the people of color. Toussaint had secret negotiations with Britain that made them leave the island, and he soon began governing the island himself. Napoleon would come in a few years later, and Toussaint sent letters to attempt to win him over in hopes that he’d let them remain autonomous. At first, Napoleon did not plan to invade Saint Domingue, for Britain prevented France from reaching the Caribbean and he saw value in Toussaint’s military to spread to Louisiana. But once Britain and France had made peace, Napoleon immediately began preparing to regain control of the island and other Caribbean colonies. In 1802, the French arrived, led by General Leclerc. Toussaint did not immediately call for resistance, and the French were able to occupy major port cities. Fighting did break out though. Toussaint’s general Dessalines went over to the French side, and after months of fighting, Toussaint retired to his plantation and arrested, taking to a dungeon in the French Alps where he was tortured and died, likely killed. However, much of the now free colored population continued resisting, and it was clear by fall of 1802 that the French intended to bring back slavery. But the French lost a lot of men in guerrilla fighting and to yellow fever, which killed General Leclerc himself. Dessalines then went back to fighting France. When war broke out between Britain and France in May 1803, the French troops were cut off from supplies and reinforcements, and by the end of the year, the French commander Rochambeau was forced to surrender and withdraw from the island.

Sources: https://www.uky.edu/~popkin/Haitian%20Revolution%20Lecture.htm

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/haitian-independence-proclaimed

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Dhaanvi Sharma

- the united sates almost went to war with France just because they wanted Louisiana

- Napoleon needed money to get supplies for war so he sold the Louisiana to the United States and in return Napoleon got 15 million

- Not everyone agree with the purchase the congress was almost going to cancel it but the purchase got save by a vote of 59 to 57

- In order to pay for the Louisiana purchase the United States had to take money from the banks of England

- the land was covered in gold and sliver this was beneficial for the untied states it helped there economy grow

- the Louisiana purchase helped the nation and it created new opportunities for the people

- Nine years after the Louisiana purchase Louisiana became the 18 U.S state

- After Napoleon got the money from the U.S he used that money to fund for his wars, soldiers, and supplies.

https://ohfact.com/interesting-facts-about-louisiana-purchase/

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-Nelson caught sight of a Franco-Spanish force of 33 ships.
-This was a very heavy loss for Napoleon and his army which was his first loss in the war.
-The British devastated the enemy fleet, destroying 19 enemy ships.
-1,500 British seamen were killed or wounded in the heavy fighting.
-A French sniper shot British General Admiral Nelson in the shoulder and Chest. His lasts words when he was informed about the British victory was, “Now I am satisfied. Thank God I have done my duty.”
- The battle was very intense around the flagship of the British fleet, “Victory”.
-The ship had a length of 186 feet and was a 100 gun ship of the line, it had a crew of more than 800 men.
-After Nelsons death, the ship Victory continued to aid in Britain’s continental blockade during the Napoleonic wars.
-It was put into a museum and attracted tourists since 1928.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Victory-British-ship
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-trafalgar

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-Arguably the biggest battle of the napoleons wars
-Napoleons army of 198,000 men had to battle the huge army of 370,000 Prussians, Swedes, Austrians, and Russians
-It broke out because Napoleon seized the Leipzig position
-Napoleon and his army had a good chance on the first day of fighting
-On the second day the Prussians, Swedes, Austrians, and Russians had to many reinforcements for Napoleon and his army to put up with
-This battle of Leipzig was the first time Napoleon cloearly lost a battle
-Napoleon became the victim of his own military strategies
-there was a disaster for the French-a premature destruction of the major river bridge at Leipzig trapped the French rear guard

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Ayan Krishnamachari’s Tactics at Waterloo 

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Ayan Krishnamachari’s Tactics at Waterloo 

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Napoleon’s restoration, by Napoleon’s 72,000 troops

Duke of Wellington’s combined Allied army of 68,000 were aided by 45,000 Prussians under Gebhard von Blücher

The hills and trees help conceal and protect the allied army from french artillery

Two advance posts were set up that helped with the french numbers when the french attacked

On June 16, Wellington engaged the enemy at Quatre-Bras in secondary combat

Napoleon's marshals, led by Michel Ney, were unable to defeat either side while they were apart.

Napoleon did not attack till the ground dried which let the Persians to catch up with the Duke’s forces.

Napoleon had to reposition forces to face the Prussian flanking attack after four French attacks on the center of the Allied army failed to gain ground.

The french troops successfully captured a farmhouse in the middle of the Allied line, but Napoleon declined his request for reinforcements.

The farm house could have been used to break the Allied line.

After a final assault from the french they pushed the french into a disorganized retreat.

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Ayan Krishnamachari’s Battle of Waterloo tactics 

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Ayan Krishnamachari’s Battle of Waterloo tactics 

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Napoleon’s Forces were 72,000 troops strong

Duke of Wellington’s combined Allied army of 68,000 were aided by 45,000 Prussians under Gebhard von Blücher

The hills and trees help conceal and protect the allied army from french artillery

Two advance posts were set up that helped with the french numbers when the french attacked

On June 16, Wellington engaged the enemy at Quatre-Bras in secondary combat

Napoleon's marshals, led by Michel Ney, were unable to defeat either side while they were apart.

Napoleon did not attack till the ground dried which let the Persians to catch up with the Duke’s forces.

Napoleon had to reposition forces to face the Prussian flanking attack after four French attacks on the center of the Allied army failed to gain ground.

The french troops successfully captured a farmhouse in the middle of the Allied line, but Napoleon declined his request for reinforcements.

The farm house could have been used to break the Allied line.

After a final assault from the french they pushed the french into a disorganized retreat.

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Richard Nawracaj- Napoleon and the Rosetta Stone

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Richard Nawracaj- Napoleon and the Rosetta Stone

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-In 1798 Napoleon marched into Egypt with a team of French scholars to study any important artifacts
-Shortly after entering Egypt Napoleon issues an order to his soldiers to seize any Egyptian artifacts so that they could be studied
-On July 19, 1799 one of Napoleon’s troops seizes the Rosetta Stone measuring 4 by 2 feet
-On the stone is inscribed three different ancient languages; Greek, Hieroglyphics, and Egyptian Demonic
-French Egyptologist Jean-Francois Champollion was able to translate the stone using his knowledge of the ancient Greek language
-The translations allowed us to understand Hieroglyphics, allowing us to understand Egyptian records
-If not for Napoleon’s interest in Egyptian Culture and History, we may have never learned hieroglyphics, and our knowledge of Egyptian history would be limited
-Unfortunately, in 1801 following Napoleon’s defeat, the British Empire seized the stone and it was never returned to Egypt.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rosetta-stone-found

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1. French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle first claimed the Louisiana Territory in 1682. France ceded the land to Spain 80 years later. In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte pressured Spain to sign a secret Treaty of San Ildefonso with Britain.

2. The U.S. almost had a war over Louisiana - Even Jefferson's own party supported a resolution to keep 80,000 men ready to march at a moment's notice. Napoleon's army had yet to arrive in Louisiana.

3. The U.S. didn’t ask for all of Louisiana - Jefferson offered to purchase land from Napoleon rather than threatening war over it. He instructed his negotiators to pay up to $9.375 million for New Orleans and Florida. A treaty, signed May 2, 1803, gave Louisiana to the United States in exchange for $11.25 million.

4. Even though the price was low it was still to high for the U.S. - The United States borrowed over $23 million from European banks to pay for the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon wanted the money immediately in order to prepare for war with Britain. The U.S. did not finish repaying the loan until 1823, by which time the cost had risen to more than $25 million.

5. The negotiations over Louisiana help put James Monroe in a big role - Monroe sold porcelain plates and white-and-gold china tea sets to raise money for the trip to France. He remained in debt for the rest of his life, even after receiving a $30,000 congressional appropriation for "public losses and sacrifices".

6. Napoleon’s brothers tried to stop him - Napoleon's brothers confronted him about his plans to sell Louisiana to the United States. They found him bathing in rose-scented water and accused him of being "insolent". Napoleon responded by smashing a snuffbox on the floor, according to memoirs.

7. A lot of Americans didn’t support the Louisiana Purchase - Jefferson himself had doubts about the legality of the Louisiana Purchase, saying he had "stretched the Constitution until it cracked".

8. In the treaty it didn’t specify boundaries - In 1804, the United States claimed West Florida, an area along the Gulf Coast in present-day Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. Spain disputed this until 1819, when the Adams-Onís Treaty gave the U.S. all of Florida to Spain.https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-louisiana-purchase

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Waterloo: Napoleon’s final error. Xander Hardwick

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Waterloo: Napoleon’s final error. Xander Hardwick

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Waterloo is considered napoleon’s last defeat.

Allied forces of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain had formed, however many of the soldiers were inexperienced.

Napoleon had gathered his forces and attacked Prussian forces who where going to meet with British forces.

The Prussians forces were defeated but napoleon was slow to act on the Duke of Wellington’s forces

The duke fled to a hill and with a stroke of luck as a storm slowed Napoleon.

The duke used the hill to surprise the french forces with many more reinforcements then expected.

Napoleon was pursaded not to attend the battle and sent his imperial guard.

When his elite imperial guard began to retreat the non-veteran soldiers behind them all fled or were defeated.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Waterloo#ref327994

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Napoleons exile was when he was banned to the Mediterranean island of Elba on April 11, 1814. The British exiled him after he offered to step down in favor of his son. He was and amazing battle strategist. Napoleon had fought through the French Revolution and rapidly rose through the military ranks. When Napoleon was in Elba he spent a lot of his time going on walks, went riding and spent much of his time reminiscing and dictating his memoirs to his companions

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/napoleon-exiled-to-elba

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- The army of Wellington was composed of multi-national troops
- The battle of Waterloo had happened three miles south of the town
- Wellington had made his headquarters within the village
- Napoleon had planned to flee to the United States however the place from where he would be transported was blocked by the British which led to his surrender
- It was 72,000 troops belonging to Napoleon against 68,000 troops of Wellington including additional support of 45,000 Prussians of Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
- There was a vow to keep together 150,000 men until Napoleon had been abdicated
- In eight weeks 80,000 men had been added into the army
- 120,000 men were inexperienced from Blücher‘s end

Links- https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Waterloo
https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-battle-of-waterloo
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/battle-of-waterloo#battle-of-waterloo-begins