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California, USA - The Compromise of 1850

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California, USA - The Compromise of 1850

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Following the Mexican-American War, a national dispute arose declaring whether or not slavery should be permitted in western territories. Around 1850, California asked to join the Union as a free state, which unsettled the Southern states. Overall, this led to the compromise of 1850 where California entered the Union as the 31st state; and slavery was not permitted within its borders. To satisfy Southern interests, Congress also passed a new law called the Fugitive Slave Act.

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The Missouri compromise drew a line along the 36th parallel. Slavery was banned in all former Louisiana purchase land north of the line.

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Lawrence, KS - The Bleeding of  Kansas 1854

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Lawrence, KS - The Bleeding of  Kansas 1854

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Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, which put together the remaining land from the Louisiana Purchase into the Kansas Territory and the Nebraska Territory. Congress did not say whether or not the emergence of this new land meant whether or not it was a free or slave state. This led to the idea of popular sovereignty that let the majority vote decide whether it was a free or slave territory. This led to multiple riots the most popular one being the bleeding kanas.

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An abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe published a novel where the the evils of enslavement was portrayed in a way that would make a large part of the American public relate to the issue. The book revealed the treatment of slaves and how slavery was a business.

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Pottawatomie County, KS - The John Brown/ Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 

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Pottawatomie County, KS - The John Brown/ Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 

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John Brown was an abolitionist who settled in Kansas to wage a war on the forces of slavery. He was already in fury due to Lawernce refusing to fight when they destroyed their land. Brown sought to avenge the town of Lawrence. He believed that their fate was death. In total, he and his group killed 5 people in the Pottawatomie Massacre.

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The senator of Massachusetts was attacked by Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina due to his 2 day long speech, “The Crime Against Kansas” where He blasted pro-slavery forces as "murderous robbers” and said they were “picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization.”

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Illinois - Dred Scott Decision issued in 1857

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Illinois - Dred Scott Decision issued in 1857

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Dred Scott filed for his freedom with the help of white abolitionists who raised money for him to acquire the best anti-slavery lawyers in the state. His case was moved to the Supreme Court due to all the controversy. In the case Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Court ruled that Scott was not entitled to his freedom. The Dred Scott decision is considered the worst Supreme Court decision ever reached. The decision left a terrible mark on the legacy of the Supreme Court.

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Fort Sumter, South Carolina -  Fort Summer attacked in 1861

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Fort Sumter, South Carolina -  Fort Summer attacked in 1861

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On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces in Charleston, South Carolina, bombarded the fort, which was held by Union troops. Less than 34 hours later, Union forces surrendered. The Confederacy had won the first battle of the Civil War.

This event triggered a call to arms in the North and escalated tensions between the Union and the Confederacy.

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John brown led a raid on the federal armory to steal weapons in hopes of arming slaves so they could break free. He failed his mission and was found guilty for treason, murder, and provoking a rebellion. He was hanged due to his actions.

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White House Gifts, 15th Street Northwest, Washington D.C., DC

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When President Abraham Lincoln was elected, 11 states seceded from the union which led to a civil war.