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Ralph is characterized as both hardworking and as a natural leader. This is mainly demonstrated by the way he takes charge in chapter 1 of the boys and takes initiative to lead an expedition, this ultimately causes the boys to want Ralph as a “chief”, saying things like “Let him be chief with the trumpet thing”, further demonstrating his natural leadership. His hardworking side is developed when he was “working for days” on the shelter with only help from Simon.

Ralph is becoming more assertive over the group as a chief. He demands the boys to listen to the rules he states because they “elected him cheiftan”. He is making much more effort now to ensure order and rescue in the group. Jack is doing the opposite, he is slipping further into chaos. Events such as the discovery of the beast and Jack splitting off from the group has shaken the order of the island and therefore Ralph’s confidence in his ability to continue to lead and keep the boys safe. Additionally, this shift can be compared to a change in the state of nature on the island. Ralph’s shift in character is also reflective of Hobbes idea about humans true nature. According to Hobbes, humans are naturally disordered and brutal and act on purely primitive impulses. Ralph was one of the most rational boys on the island but he is beginning to lose this aspect. Therefore this be the start of a more disordered society on the island.

As the order begins to fall apart on the island, Ralph begins to lose his confidence and reason as a leader as well. During a meeting that Ralph call among his group, he loses his normal effortless confidence on what to say next, needing Piggy’s help to continue his speech and the other boys thought his “remarks as lame”.

In the end of the novel, Ralph loses all hope for order especially after Piggy is murdered by Jack’s tribe. Ralph and Jack fight with the full intent to kill each other, at one point Jack throws a spear at Ralph’s chest “with full intent” and slices open his side. For Ralph, this kind of fighting illustrates that he has given up his hope for a peaceful conclusion. At the beginning of the novel, Ralph would have refused to fight Jack or any other boy.

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Piggy is very cautious and more empathic than the rest of the boys. Piggy is first shown to be empathic and airing by the great efforts he made to get everyone’s name. He asks the first young boy “what’s yer name” and also stays behind from the expedition to “take names”. When the fire gets out of control, Piggy yells at the group about needing to more careful and says the group needs to act “proper” in order “to be rescued”, the fact that he is the only boy to do this makes him stand out as the only one being remotely cautious.

Piggy tries to be more assertive in these chapters but is often overwhelmed. He is attacked by Jack after he tries to stick up for himself and berated by Jack again at the assembly. However, he has more support from Ralph and Jack even accuses Ralph of “favoring Piggy as always”.

Piggy gains more confidence despite losing his glasses and therefore his ‘sight’. He is admit about being he one to carry the conch when confronting Jack and tells Ralph that hell show Jack “the one thing he doesn’t got”. This statement highlights piggy’s shift form being skittish and scared of Jack to not caring about him as a threat anymore.

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Simon- In comparison to the other characters, Simon is much more independent and solitary. Simon is the only one that stays behind to help Ralph with shelters while all the other boys are off playing. At the end he goes to a cleaning completely by himself to “a little cabin screened off by a curtain of leaves”. This solitarily nature could also imply he is hiding other things as well.

Simon stills remains in the background somewhat except when he suggests the boys are actually afraid of each other and having to fear each other

Simon often went of on is ow to a secluded cabin. He also was the most intuitive about situations such as the beast and the more moral implications of certain dynamics. In Simon’s vision of the lord of the flies, the hallucination declares that it “is the beast” and “I’m part of you”, this reveals Simon is the only one that seems to be aware of the alarming evil among the boys. When Simon is killed, it is a bloodthirsty frenzy that is brutal and short, just like when the sow is killed, it is described in a similar manner with the “mouth of the circle crunched’ and crying out with a “adomiable noise”. Simon was one of the only boys that you could say was ‘innocent’ or ordered, just like the helpless mother pig. In this comparison, Golding is trying to point out of the evil of society will target the most innocent party.

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Jack is characterized as obsessive but with strong leadership abilities as well. His obsession with being a hunter and catching meat, this is exemplified when he is talking to Ralph and Ralph gets frustrated with his lack of focus on the conversation and yells at him “All you talk about is pig, pig, pig”. When he’s talking about killing something there is a “madness in his eyes”, further demonstrating his obsessive nature. Despite his observe nature, he as a strong sense of leadership over his choir, his choir voted for him “with dreary obedience” instead of Ralph demonstrating the strong sense of control Jack has over the boys.

All Jack cares about is hunting and says “if there’s a beast, well hunt it down”. He has no regard for the safety or order of the group as long as he can continue to hunt. Another shift in his character is when he goes against Ralph in chapter 4 and questions him, however this is somewhat resolved when he doesn’t let Ralph check out the possible landing spot of the beast by himself.

Jack begins to fully embrace his true, ‘free’ nature. For him this means a barbaric and hunter lifestyle that revolves around hunting and killing. Jacks character focuses on exploring the civility vs savagery side of humanity. This is mainly done when he split off from Ralph’s leadership and forms his own tribe. He even invites all the boys to his area of the island for a large feast saying, “We hunt and feast and have fun”. Jack fully embraces the ID as part of the consciousness, this means that he is giving into living off of primitive impulses.

At this point in novel, Jack has completely lost his mind and lost all regards for life and civility. After Piggy dies, he simply yells at Ralph, “See that’s what you’ll get” and then orders the rest of the tribe to tie up the twins. This level of brutality towards the boys highlight how Jack has descended into madness. He no longer cares about the good of the group and will kill and beat up others to prove his point.

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The conch is a symbol of order and normality among the newfound chaos on the island. Ideals of civility vs savagery in the group are explored through the use of the conch. Ralph says that whenever he blows “the conch this minute, they’d all come running”, saying that the conch is a sense of regulation of the boys because it tells them when the meeting are and even whose turn it is to speak. Ultimately, without the guidance of the conch there would be much more chaos in the group. The conch also seems to determine the amount of respect for some characters. Ralph gains the respect of the group immediately when he first calls a meeting, people referred to him as the “one with the conch” as recommendation fro chief. However, even when Piggy has the conch, he is repeatedly told to “shut up” and cut off, demonstrating a overall lack of respect for him.

The conch begins to become of a symbol of trying to maintain order. The boys that’s want to maintain a largo group of order aim to protect both the rules the conch symbolizes and the conch itself. For example, when Jacks group steals the fire from Ralph’s group, Piggy runs to get the conch because he was “sure Jack was going to go for it”. This illustrates the current situation on the island, Piggy and Ralph trying to protect the order, and Jack encouraging disorder. Therefore this reveals the increasing levels of conflict among the boys.

The conch is starting to be ignored and disrespected by the boys. The conch is now a symbol of the descent into chaos and indicates how the boys are starting to abandon order. Jack ignores Piggy even after he asserts that “I have the conch” and tries to talk over Ralph repeatedly. Even though the conch still represent order to some level as most of the boys still use it to take turns talking, it is more frequently being disrespected and ignored. Jack even says to Ralph “Bollocks to the rules”, emphasizing further how some of the boys are beginning to abandon order.

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The fire symbolizes order versus chaos and explores the ideas surrounding that contrast. The fire is first a ordered practice, the boys establish people in charge “of looking after the fire” in hopes of signaling a ship, thus symbolizing both order and hope. However, the fire later spirals out of control and engulfs “a quarter of a mile square of forest”. The contrast is representative of how easily things can descended into chaos, this possibly foreshadows the future of the group.

The symbol of fire develops into a representation of life and death within their society. The fire going out represents death because they were not able to be rescued and face a strong chance at death. The fire being lit represents a chance at continuing life of of the island through rescue. These ideas a developed when Jack and his chorus let “the fire go out” and the boys miss getting a smoke signal up for a passing ship.

The fire symbolizes both life and death and therefore civility and savagery. The fire is still a symbol of like and connection to civil society because it is still used as a signal fire. The navy officer even says to Ralph “I saw your signal fire” when the whole island was burning down. When the island is burning down, the fire is much more a symbol of savagery and death. The savages light the island on fire in an attempt to smoke Ralph out and kill him, Ralph thinks “the fire was a big one” as it spirals out of control. Fire being used to both kill and save the boys is both civil and savage in practice.

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Civilly versus Savagery is first developed in the first meeting. The moment Ralph uses the conch “to call the others” is the first steps of civility. From this they develop who the “chief” is, who the “hunters” are, state the rule about taking turns speaking with the conch, and set the next task of going on an expedition. These set rules and decision represent the civil desires of the group. A more savage side is also illustrated but the lack of help Ralph and Simon receive in building the shelters. Almost all of the boys spend time “bathing and playing” instead of building shelters like they had been delegated to. This rejection of a crucial part of a civil society demonstrated a more savage nature as well.

This is exploring the themes of ‘civility vs savagery’ and ‘reason vs impulse’. When Rodger and Maurice kick over the antlers, “burying the flowers”, they are acting on impulse and a more savage side. It would have been responsible and civil for the boys to just leave the younger kids sandcastles alone but they chose to knock them over just because they wanted to. They mainly do this due to lack of authority and how they know they will not receive chastisement for things like “filling a younger’s eye with sand”. This causes them to act more ‘savage’ and with more impulse than they would if there was someone there to get them in trouble.

The brutal nature in which Jack and his hunters kill the mother pig showcases the evil inside of them, this is further expanded when her head is speared on a stick for the ‘beast’. The hunt is described in a brutish and blunt manner, the other hunters were in “awe” and had “uneasy admiration” for Jack’s hunting. The is highlights the obsession with killing and therefore the evil within the boys.

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Frued’s ideas about the ID parallel to Hobbes ideas about the state of nature. Hobbes believes that humans are natural evil, and act based on their first impulses, leading them to be barbaric and brutal. The overall idea of a balance between the ID, the ego and the super ego presented by Freud connects with ideas of giving up some of your rights to a higher order for protection and rules. In order to function properly, Freud believed that all parts (ID ego and super ego) needed to be in equal use, too much of one and the person suffers “emotional and physical repercussions”. This is similar to the all the ideas about the state of nature, how you can give up some of your rights to do whatever you want in order ton live in a balanced more order society. Your few rights you give up to any higher order are balanced with the protection you receive in return.

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Jack most closely relates to the ideas about the ID. The ID is reflective of the brains most “immediate” and “primal” desires. The current state of the island is bringing out Jack’s extreme  desires to “get meet” and “hunt pigs”. He is obsessive over hunting, killing and blood to the point where is compromising his morals and the rationality of the group. Ralph is the opposite, much more reflective of the ego, which represents more ”rational” thinking. Ralph repeatedly prioritizes order and rules despite protests from the group, even saying “the rules are all we have”. Simon is the super ego of the group, he is reflective of a deeper “moral” sense that the super ego is responsible for. Simon makes observations such as suggesting that the boys are actually afraid of the “beast inside of them” instead of a more physical being.

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In the novel “The Lord of the Flies” the isolation of the island and the absence of authority from adults facilities Jack’s embrace of his primitive and savage lifestyle. This is turn illustrates one of the key ideas of the novel, the questions of if men are naturally evil.

At the beginning of the novel, the isolation from normal society ad their expectations allows Jack to live in a much more primitive manner. When the group is discussing roles at the first assembly, jack eagerly declares he will be a hunter, and later becomes fully obsessed with “getting meat”. His obsession with hunting and killing pigs would have been frowned upon in normal society ad caused him to be alienated. However due to the geographic isolation of the island, Jack can live a primitive lifestyle without judgement. This idea is further advanced through the use of a mask as a symbol for freedom. When Jack paints his face and puts on a crude mask , he becomes free from “self counscious” and normal expectations. Rom this point he wears the mask and paint constantly while hunting, advancing the idea that hr is fully primitive but free form normal societal expectations. Jacks' primitive way of life helps communicate ideas of man being naturally evil as when left without expectations.

Furthermore, Jack’s morals and behavior becomes brutal and savage o the absence of adult authority and punishment. When Simon is murdered int eh dancing ring, there is no consequence. This causes more brutality such as beatings given out by Jack side he received no punishments for the death of Simon. If there had been adults to given punishments and set rules, Jack most likely would not have become a leader of the savage tribe. This also further showcases the idea that men are naturally evil as Jack turned to brutality once he realized there is no larger authority. Briefly after Simon’s death, jack goes to Ralph’s , civil, side of the island to To steal piggy's glasses so they can have fire Ralph is upset by this and says they would have just given them fire if they had asked. With no adults or larger authority to mediate Jack chooses the most violent way to get what he wanted showcasing his savage behavior. Jack's choices like this one are what help the novel explore the possibility that men are naturally evil.

Jack's character is similar to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes on human state of nature. Hobbes believed that humans are naturally brutal and corrupt in the absence of larger authority or government. This idea is reflected in the Lord of the flies due to the boy's situation on the island. There is no one to mediate their interactions rules and conflicts leaving them to either express an evil or good state. In Jack's case he expresses a much more evil side. This accumulates at the end of the novel when Jack is hunting Ralph and lights the whole island on fire in an attempt to murder him. This action supports Hobbes idea of the natural brutality of humans and further answers the questions of whether humans are naturally good or evil.

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The beast itself becomes a symbol of savagery and chaos and therefore the boy's obsession with it means they have an obsession with the savage side of human nature. The beast and the boys obsession with it reaches its peak in chapter 9 during the dancing and the feast with the boys. There is savage frenzy that all the boys get swept up in, even Ralph and Piggy, the chant things like “Kill the Beast” and “Spill his blood” and ultimately end up killing Simon after they confuse him for the beast. The boys obsession with the beast consumes them to the point where they kill one of their own. The beast symbolizes the now all consuming desire to be ‘savages’ in the boys.

Simon often went of on is ow to a secluded cabin. He also was the most intuitive about situations such as the beast and the more moral implications of certain dynamics. In Simon’s vision of the lord of the flies, the hallucination declares that it “is the beast” and “I’m part of you”, this reveals Simon is the only one that seems to be aware of the alarming evil among the boys. When Simon is killed, it is a bloodthirsty frenzy that is brutal and short, just like when the sow is killed, it is described in a similar manner with the “mouth of the circle crunched’ and crying out with a “adomiable noise”. Simon was one of the only boys that you could say was ‘innocent’ or ordered, just like the helpless mother pig. In this comparison, Golding is trying to point out of the evil of society will target the most innocent party.

The beast begins as a symbol of the boys fear and disorder but shifts to represent their savagery and brutalities. The pigs head on a stick that the boys call “The lord of the flies” is the embodies a beast and is brought to life through hallucinations. The crude “lord of flies” mirror the numerous acts of violence that Jack and Rodger increasingly participate in, this ultimately causes many to fear Jack and Rodger like they feared the beast. Even though the beast was revealed to just be a dead man in a parachute, Jack still used the boys fear of it to scare his tribe into listening to him. He threatens the beast “will come back” to get certain boys to stay behind and guard Castle rock. In reality Jack was trying to get people to guard the age against Ralph, demonstrating that the fear of the beast as shifted to be represent of the fear of each others savage actions.