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Another kind of flightless bird would be the penguin, but these are not related to ratites. These are in a separate species called Sphenisciformes

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Also due to natural selection, there also could have been a flightless gene that was passed down to descendants of these animals and just grew and grew.

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Evolutionary scientists hypothesize that these animals might have migrated and found a new place that was free of predators. Without needing flight to escape an attack, the need to fly grew less and less.

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Scientists believe that flightless birds obviously came from normal bird ancestors and just over time lost the ability to fly. But why did they lose this neat trick?

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Most flightless birds are in a group called Struthioniformes. This group consists of animals such as the ostrich, rhea, cassowary, kiwi, and emu. Although now they are given the name ratites.

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Mario Rivera
Period 4.

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These are the molecular similarities that different species have but can still be used. This is the different proteins that different animals can have.

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For example, chick and human embryos look very similar in the way that they both have slits made for gills, just like the fish.

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This is one piece of evidence that we found to prove evolution. There are many animals that look very similar when they are in their embryological stages. This shows that we all shared a common ancestor and that's why we look similar at the earliest stage ever, but as we develop we change into the animal we were meant to.

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For example: the appendix. It used to be very useful in human bodies to keep us from going sick when eating raw food, but as time went on, the need to eat raw food was lost when we found fire and how to cook meat. If anything ever happens to your appendix you can get it removed and nothing will happen.

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These are the organisms that have parts in their body that serve no use to them anymore, but to others animals, could help tremendously.

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These are the parts of all animals that may look very similar but actually have different uses depending on the organism.

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This is something that happens in every population. Some of them get lucky and others not as much

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This is the lucky organisms that get to mate and pass down the genes vs the unlucky ones that don't get their genes passed down to any offspring.

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It's also different from natural selection because this is the passing down of genes from the parents to the offspring

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This is the fact that males are always competing for a mate, and the woman is the one that chooses. Male competition & female choice.

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Example would be the modern elephant and the now extinct wooly mammoth. They had a common ancestor, but were two different species. They evolved the same way, but were still two different species.

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Pretty much both of 'em mixed. Two different species come from a common ancestor, and then have to evolve the same way due to living conditions.

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Example would be Sharks, Dolphins, and Ichthyosaur. They don't have a common ancestor but huge similarities due to living in water.

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Having similarities but not from a common ancestor. These similarities have to do mostly with the fact that they need to be able to evolve to live in much similar conditions.

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An example would be Zebras, Donkeys, and Horses. They are all different species with different evolution needs, but are related because of a common ancestor.

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The species all have a common ancestor, but overall are different organisms. The common ancestor could have passed down a specific trait to one animal that another didn't get.

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When a group of an organism leaves the main big group to go start/found a new species. This causes the new group that leaves to have only those alleles to work with. Mutations that follow could change it, but staring group are the only alleles that could possibly be passed down.

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For example: People with extra toes or fingers. People missing a toe or finger. Having no eyesight, having no hearing. These are all things that the genes mess up when they are doing reproduction and you end up with humans that have these mutations.

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Red/Blue/Green/Orange

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Red/Blue/Green/Orange

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Red/Blue/Green/Orange

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Red/Blue/Green/Orange

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Purple

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Black

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Each color is going to mean a different thing. Order goes as...

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Small errors in the DNA code during cellular reproduction. Tiny pieces go to the wrong spot and are what cause these mutations. They can be either beneficial or harmful towards the organism

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Also the fact that nature chooses when they die, or when they are given good food or resources. Overall, Natural Selection is just an organisms' preference.

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For example, plants don't get to choose who they pollinate with. They see another plant next to them and that has to be the one. Organisms get to choose what they want their offspring's parent to be.

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Natural selection is people or other organisms being able to choose who they mate with. It's a "survival of the fittest" (in lions, the girls will always pick the stronger lion).

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With time, the alleles and the genes that are passed down to the offspring will certainly change over time. Won't stay the same all the time.

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is the fact that the organisms get to choose who they want to preproduce their offspring. They get to have the ability to choose what genes they want to have a chance of passing down if needed. And some organisms don't even have the opportunity to preproduce at all (with mutations).

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means that the genes are passed down from generation to generation. Everyone gets some part of the genes passed down.

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means that every organism isn't exactly the same. There are mutations that happen that make every organism different from all the others.