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The abacus was created in Mesopotamia and China, used for simple calculations.

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Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, a mechanical calculator that could add and subtract.

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Joseph Marie Jacquard designed the loom with punched cards, an idea that inspired programming.

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Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine, considered the first design of a programmable computer.

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Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm, foreseeing that machines could go beyond mathematics.

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“Computers” were people hired to solve manual calculations in astronomy, engineering, and ballistics.

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John Fleming invented the vacuum tube, essential for the first electronic computers.

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Alan Turing described the Turing Machine, a theoretical model for solving problems by computation.

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Konrad Zuse built the Z1, one of the first programmable mechanical computers.

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The Z3 became the first operational programmable computer, using electromechanical relays.

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The British developed the Colossus, used to break the German Enigma code.

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The Harvard Mark I, a large electromechanical computer, was completed in the USA.

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The ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer, was built. It weighed 30 tons and filled a room.

John von Neumann created the von Neumann architecture, where data and programs are stored in the same memory. This model is still used today.

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The invention of the transistor at Bell Labs made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.

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First high-level programming languages: Fortran and Cobol.

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Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce invented the integrated circuit, placing multiple transistors on a silicon chip.

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RAM (Random Access Memory) was created to store temporary data.

ROM and other storage technologies (magnetic tapes, floppy disks, hard drives) were also developed.

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Emergence of influential languages like C and Pascal.

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Intel released the Intel 4004, the first commercial microprocessor.

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Early personal computers such as the Altair 8800, Apple I, and IBM PC.

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Modern programming languages appeared: Java, Python, JavaScript.

PCs became popular at home, and the internet spread worldwide.

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web, revolutionizing communication.

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Modern operating systems evolved: Windows, Linux, macOS.

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The launch of the iPhone began the smartphone era.

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Rise of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing experiments.

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https://youtube.com/@manualdomundo?si=qrDcFLG15wdoNVDG <- #sagadoscomputadores compilado de vídeos do canal manual do mundo sobre a "história" dos computadores