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Concept & Definition

The Present Perfect tense connects the past with the present.

It describes actions that started in the past and continue to the present.

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Information questions ask for specific details. They start with question words

Structur

Question Word + HAVE/HAS + Subject + Past Participle + ?

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Concept & Definition

Is used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the future.

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Concept & Definition

Is used to express a preference between two or more options

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Main Uses

1. Life Experiences

Actions you have experienced in your life (without specific time)

Example: I have traveled to Japan.

2. Changes Over Time

Describing how things have changed

Example: Technology has improved rapidly.

3. Unfinished Time

Actions in time periods that are not finished (today, this week, this year)

Example: I have eaten lunch today.

4. Actions Continuing to Present

Actions that started in the past and continue now

Example: I have lived here for 5 years.

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Formation Rules

Have/Has+ Past Participle.

I - You - We - They ---- HAVE

He - She - It --- HAS

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AFFIRMATIVE (+)

Subject + HAVE/HAS + Past Participle

I have finished my homework.

She has visited Paris twice.

NEGATIVE (–)

Subject + HAVE/HAS + NOT + Past Participle

I haven't seen that movie.

We haven't met before.

INTERROGATIVE (?)

HAVE/HAS + Subject + Past Participle + ?

Have you finished your project?

Have they called the doctor?

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FOR

Period of Time

Shows how long something has lasted

Duration Examples:
• for 2 hours
• for 3 days
• for several months
• for a long time

Example:
"I have studied English for 5 years."

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SINCE

Starting Point

Shows when something started

Starting Point Examples:
• since Monday
• since 2020
• since last week
• since I was young

Example:
"I have lived here since January."

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Other examples
Where have you been?
Where has he traveled?

How long have you worked here?
How long has it been raining?

Why have you chosen this job?
Why has she moved to Canada?

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Uses:

Making Choices

When you need to choose between two options

Expressing Preferences

To show what you like better in different situations

Making Comparisons

Comparing activities, places, or experiences.

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Grammar Rules

1. Always use the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to')

2. 'Would rather' stays the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

3. For negatives, use 'would rather not' + base verb

4. Contraction: 'would rather' = 'd rather

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Example:

1. I have studied English for three years.

2. She has lived in this city for a long time.

3. We have been friends since 2010.

4. He has worked at the company since last month.

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Affirmative (+)

Subject + would rather + base verb

I would rather stay home tonight.

She'd rather drink tea than coffee.

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Negative (-)

Subject + would rather not + base verb

I would rather not go to the party.

They'd rather not wait any longer.

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Interrogative (?)

Would + subject + rather + base verb?

Would you rather walk or take the bus?

Would she rather study alone or in a group?

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Main Uses

1. Predictions

"It will rain tomorrow."

2. Promises

"I will help you with homework."

3. Spontaneous Decisions

"I'll answer the phone."

4. Offers

"I'll carry your bags."

5. Warnings

"You will get sick if you don't rest."

6. Future Facts

"She will be 30 next year."

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Key Formation Rules

Use WILL + base verb for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

For negatives, use WILL NOT or WON'T

For questions, start with WILL + subject + verb

Never add -s, -ed, or -ing to the main verb after WILL

Common contractions: I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, we'll, they'll,it´ll

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Sentence Structures

AFFIRMATIVE(+)

Subject + WILL + Base Verb

I will study English tomorrow.

She will travel to Paris next month.

We will finish the project on time.

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Negative (-)

Subject + WILL NOT / WON'T + Base Verb

I will not forget your birthday.

He won't come to the party.

They won't believe this story.

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Interrogative (?)

WILL + Subject + Base Verb + ?

Will you help me with this?

Will she arrive on time?

Will they join us for dinner?