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Sustainable development requires balancing social equity (people), economic viability (profit), and environmental stewardship (planet). Rezaie and Rosen (2015b) propose a fourth pillar (adaptability) arguing that infrastructure must evolve with changing societal needs. This complements findings from Dempsey et al. (2011), who emphasize the importance of inclusion and cohesion. Al-Hajj and Sayers (2020) demonstrate how construction practices can align profitability with environmental responsibility. These reflections underscore that sustainability is a dynamic process shaped by context, innovation, and collaboration.

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Rodríguez, Gómez, and Pérez (2022) present a case study from Colombia where small enterprises adopt circular economy strategies to reduce waste and improve resource efficiency. Despite limited access to capital and technology, these businesses repurpose materials, extend product lifecycles, and collaborate locally to achieve sustainability goals. The study highlights the role of innovation and community engagement in advancing circular practices, offering scalable insights for broader policy and enterprise development.

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Infrastructure projects increasingly incorporate sustainability principles to reduce environmental impact and enhance long-term resilience. Al-Hajj and Sayers (2020) document construction practices that prioritize resource efficiency, stakeholder engagement, and lifecycle performance. Rezaie and Rosen (2015a) explore strategies for mitigating flooding in built environments, focusing on adaptive design and risk reduction. Gómez and Rodríguez (2022) assess port cities using hybrid models that combine qualitative and quantitative indicators. These examples show how sustainability can be operationalized in complex urban systems.

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Sustainability is explained through a range of theoretical models. Hopwood et al. (2005) identify three dominant approaches—status quo, reform, and transformation—each offering a distinct perspective on integrating environmental, social, and economic goals. Dempsey et al. (2011) contributes a model of urban social sustainability that emphasizes equity, cohesion, and quality of life. Zietsman et al. (2016) apply systems thinking to infrastructure design, demonstrating how theory can guide practical decision-making. These models provide frameworks for evaluating sustainability across disciplines and contexts.

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The evolution of sustainable development reflects decades of global efforts to balance environmental protection with economic progress. Mensah (2019) traces its emergence from post-war reconstruction through the Brundtland Report, which emphasized the need to meet present needs without compromising those of future generations. Barona et al. (2018) build on this by examining historical case studies that shaped ethical and policy frameworks. Together, these works highlight how past decisions continue to influence current sustainability challenges and priorities.

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Sustainable Construction Practices in the Execution of Infrastructure

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Sustainable Construction Practices in the Execution of Infrastructure

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Theories or Models of Sustainable Development

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Sustainable Development - 2005 - Hopwood - Sustainable development  mapping different approaches

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The fourth pillar of infrastructure sustainability

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The fourth pillar of infrastructure sustainability

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Real-Worl Practices

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The fourth pillar of infrastructure sustainability

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The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development

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The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development

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Theories or Models of Sustainable Development

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Sustainable Development - 2011 - Dempsey - The social dimension of sustainable development  Defining urban social

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Reducing Flooding Impacts to the Built Environment

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Reducing Flooding Impacts to the Built Environment

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Real-World Practives

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A Unique Historical Case to Understand the Present...

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A Unique Historical Case to Understand the Present...

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A Unique Historical Case to Understand the Present

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New Approach in Social, Environmental Management and Policy to Address 

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New Approach in Social, Environmental Management and Policy to Address 

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Real-World Practices

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Sustainability Assessment of Port Cities

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Sustainability Assessment of Port Cities

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Sustainability Assessment of Port Cities with a Hybrid Model

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 Putting sustainability theory into roadway design practice

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 Putting sustainability theory into roadway design practice

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Putting sustainability theory into roadway design practice

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Sustainable Construction Practices in the Execution of Infrastructure

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Sustainable Construction Practices in the Execution of Infrastructure

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The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development

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The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development

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Theories or Models of Sustainable Development