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Definition: "Semiconductor electronic component that revolutionized modern technology."

Technical specifications:

📅 Year of invention: 1951.

🔌 Alternative names: BJT (Bipolar Transistor), Electronic Transistor.

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Made from semiconductor materials (such as silicon).

Present in almost all everyday devices:

📻 Radios | 🚨 Alarms | 🚗 Automobiles | 💻 Computers

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Current-controlled device: a small current in the base regulates a larger current between the collector and emitter.

Structure: 3 semiconductor layers (P-N-P or N-P-N type).

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Main material: Silicon crystal with doped layers.

Common variants:

BJT (Bipolar Transistor).

FET (Field Effect Transistor).

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Materials: Silicon or germanium (semiconductors).

Main Functions:

✅ Amplify signals (e.g., audio in radios).

✅ Act as a switch (digital circuits).

Fun Fact: "A modern chip contains billions of microscopic transistors."

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It replaced older tubes, which required:

⚡ High voltage | ⏳ 30+ seconds to turn on | 🔋 High power consumption (not battery-powered).

It enabled advances such as:

📻 Portable ("transistor") radios | 📺 Fast-start color TVs.

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Smaller, more efficient, and easier-to-control circuits.

Main Functions:

🔍 Amplify weak signals (e.g., audio).

🔄 Act as an oscillator or switch

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Transistors Old Tubes

Low consumption High consumption (no batteries used)

Instant on 30+ second wait

Small size Large and fragile

Example: "Portable radio 'transistors' get their name from this component."

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Parts of a BJT:

Base: Controls current flow.

Collector: Receives the main current.

Emitter: Emits electrons.

Diagram: Image with P-N-P / N-P-N layers.

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✨ Bonus Section: Everyday Applications

Examples:

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✨ Bonus Section: Everyday Applications

Examples:

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🚗 Automotive systems (ECU).

📱 Smartphones (processors).

🏠 Smart home appliances.