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Following the French and Indian War, King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. This angered colonists who wanted to expand westward and marked the beginning of growing tensions with Great Britain.

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The British Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which placed taxes on sugar, coffee, wine, and other imported goods. This was one of the first attempts by Britain to raise revenue directly from the colonies, leading to protests against 'taxation without representation.'

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The Stamp Act required colonists to pay a tax on printed materials like newspapers and legal documents. This led to widespread protests, boycotts, and the formation of the Sons of Liberty. The act was repealed in 1766 but left lasting resentment.

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On March 5, British soldiers fired into a crowd of protesting colonists, killing five people including Crispus Attucks. This event, brilliantly propagandized by Paul Revere, greatly increased colonial resentment toward British military presence.

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On December 16, Sons of Liberty members dressed as Mohawk Indians dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act. This act of defiance led to the punitive Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) from Parliament.

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Colonial delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss a unified response to British actions. They created the Continental Association to boycott British goods and sent a petition to King George III requesting the repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

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On April 19, 'the shot heard round the world' marked the beginning of armed conflict between British forces and colonial militias. The battles at Lexington and Concord began the American Revolutionary War.

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On July 4, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, formally announcing the colonies' break from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of this foundational document of American democracy.

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This crucial American victory proved to be a major turning point in the war. The success convinced France to enter the war on the American side, providing essential military and financial support to the Revolutionary cause.

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Combined American and French forces trapped British General Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, forcing his surrender on October 19. This decisive victory effectively ended the major military operations of the Revolutionary War.

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The formal end to the American Revolution came with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Great Britain recognized American independence, and the boundaries of the new nation were established. The United States of America was now officially an independent nation.