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Date: July 26, 1948

Description: President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 to desegregate the U.S. Armed Forces.

Connection to Theme: This marked a major federal step toward racial equality and was influenced by civil rights activism and Black veterans' demands after WWII.

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Date: May 17, 1954

Description: The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Connection to Theme: It was a key victory for the civil rights movement, showing how African American interest groups could impact national law.

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Date: 1955–1956

Description: Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest, African Americans in Montgomery protested segregated buses.

Connection to Theme: This grassroots protest helped launch the civil rights movement and showed the power of organized activism.

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Date: July 2, 1964

Description: This law banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Connection to Theme: The act was a direct result of sustained civil rights protests and lobbying by major interest groups.

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Date: August 6, 1965

Description: This law outlawed discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests.

Connection to Theme: It ensured African Americans could participate fully in democracy, showing political gains made through activism.

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Date: 1960s–1970s

Description: Women organized for equal rights in education, employment, and personal freedom.

Connection to Theme: Women’s groups shifted national culture and laws, expanding the meaning of equality and American identity.

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Date: June 28, 1969

Description: LGBTQ+ people resisted a police raid at the Stonewall Inn, sparking a national movement.

Connection to Theme: Though not always considered a traditional "interest group," this movement pushed for inclusion and changed American cultural ideology.

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Date: Founded July 1968

Description: AIM protested federal mistreatment and worked to preserve Native culture and sovereignty.

Connection to Theme: Native Americans demanded their rights be recognized, reshaping public policy and national conversations on identity.

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Date: June 23, 1972

Description: This law banned sex-based discrimination in federally funded education.

Connection to Theme: Feminist advocacy led to this landmark change, promoting gender equality in schools and athletics.

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Date: Began in 2013

Description: This movement protests police brutality and systemic racism toward Black Americans.

Connection to Theme: BLM continues the long fight for justice and equal treatment under the law, influencing culture, politics, and public policy.