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A summary of some of the advantages and disadvantages of making ethanol using non-renewable or renewable resources

ethene and steam | sugar from plant material
type of raw materials | non-renewable | renewable
type of process | continuous (runs all the time) | batch (stop-start)
labour | few workers needed | a lot of workers needed
rate of reaction | fast | slow
conditions needed | high temperature and pressure | warm, normal pressure
purity of product | pure | impure – needs treatment
energy needed | a lot | a little

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On average, crude oils are made of the following elements or compounds:

Carbon - 84%

Hydrogen - 14%

Sulfur - 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur)

Nitrogen - less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups)

Oxygen - less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids)

Metals - less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic)

Salts - less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride)

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Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy. Many of the things derived from crude oil like gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax and so on take advantage of this energy.

Hydrocarbons can take on many different forms. The smallest hydrocarbon is methane (CH₄), which is a gas that is a lighter than air. Longer chains with 5 or more carbons are liquids. Very long chains are solids like wax or tar. By chemically cross-linking hydrocarbon chains you can get everything from synthetic rubber to nylon to the plastic in tupperware. Hydrocarbon chains are very versatile!

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Crude oil is the term for "unprocessed" oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground. It is also known as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago -- most places you can find crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid.

Crude oils are such a useful starting point for so many different substances because they contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures, from straight chains to branching chains to rings.

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Refining is the complex series of processes that manufactures finished petroleum products out of crude oil.   While refining begins as simple distillation (by heating and separating), refiners must use more sophisticated additional processes and equipment in order to produce the mix of products that the market demands.  Generally, this latter effort minimizes the production of heavier, lower value products (for example, residual fuel oil, used to power large ocean-going ships) in favor of middle distillates (jet fuel, kerosene, home heating oil and diesel fuel) and lighter, higher value products (liquid petroleum gases (LPG), naphtha, and gasoline).

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Crude oil is pumped from the ground in the Middle East (e.g., Saudi Arabian  Arab Light), West Africa (e.g., Nigerian Bonny Light), the Americas, and Asia  (Russia), pumped into ships called tankers, and sailed across the ocean  to oil refineries on the Delaware River.

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Some of the uses of crude oil include making a variety of fuels such as
gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and bunker fuel. It is also used to make
kerosene as well as fertilizers and pesticides. It is also used in the
production of cosmetics, perfumes and as the chief ingredient in the manufacture
of synthetic rubbers.

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Refinery Crude Oil Distillation Process Complete Full HD

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Crude Oil Distillation Process Complete. This video describe the complete distillation process in a Refinery. Animation Description will help you to understand the things better.

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Oils are very important to us in a variety of ways.

Oils such as petroleum are useful because petroleum does more than just provide gasoline for cars and jet fuel for airliners. Products and byproducts of petroleum end up in items used daily around the world — billions of pounds of polyethylene plastic alone go toward making plastic bags, food containers, hula hoops and other consumer products. But here are a few petroleum-derived items found in and around the modern-day home that may surprise you. Items such as:

solar pannels

wrinkle resistant clothes

bubble gum

crayons

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An oil is a viscous liquid, derived from

petroleum, especially for use as a fuel

or lubricant.