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Family Tricholomataceae
-This is a potentially edible mushroom
-Common appearance is a yellow-brown cap with sticky hair-like scales and off white gills
-The cap is normally 5-15 cm in diameter
-Bioluminescent, this means the mushroom's gills glow in the dark but are not visible to the human eye
-The stem is a brownish white and is commonly 5-15 mm in diameter and 6-15 cm in length
-It is also common for the mushroom to have a pale yellow ring on its stem and it helps distinguish the mushroom from others
REFERENCES:
http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/fieldbio/Edible_Plants_Ramer_Silver_Weizmann/Pages/spp_page_Armillariella_mellea.html
https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/armillaria-mellea.php

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-The Honey Mushroom is able to reproduce sexually and asexually
-The fungus produces spores that are carried by the wind and are spread
-The single fertilized spore grows threadlike filaments of cells to form the mushroom
-From the fertilized spore cordlike bundles called rhizomorphs that form a network underneath the soil that absorb nutrients from decaying trees and roots
-Honey Mushroom's though less common can grow root-like outgrowths that spread through forest soil to nearby trees
REFERENCES:
https://www.waterwereld.nu/honingzwameng.php

https://www.britannica.com/science/Armillaria#:~:text=Most%20species%20are%20found%20on,long%2C%20cordlike%20bundles%20called%20rhizomorphs.

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-The Honey Mushroom is a decomposer and parasite to living trees
-They also feed on dead plants
-Their roots digest the nutrients of decaying wood with enzymes
-The mushrooms can suck up their food through their stalk in tube structures called mycelia
-In order for the mushroom to have a supply of energy that it stores in its cap, the fungus feeds on dead plants approximately twice per week
REFERENCES:
https://www.mushroom-appreciation.com/honey-fungus.html#sthash.KEZQO2MI.dpbs

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-The stalk of the mushroom are white when young, and turn yellowish-brown as they mature
-The stem is thicker at the top rather than the base
-They have rhizomorphs, also called mycelial cords that bring in nutrients and spread the mushroom's poison
-The gills are short and close together; run underneath the cap of the mushroom and partially down it
-The fungus is multi-cellular and its cell walls are rigid and tough
-Similar to the cholesterol found in animal cell membranes, the mushroom has a steroid called Ergosterol" REFERENCES:
https://www.mushroomexpert.com/armillaria_mellea.html

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/24%3A_Fungi/24.1%3A_Characteristics_of_Fungi/24.1B%3A_Fungi_Cell_Structure_and_Function

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-The Honey Mushroom mainly grows at the base of oak trees, but can also grow on most broadleaf trees
-It can grow on both dead and alive plants
-The mushroom grows best in forests and prefers a moist environment
-The earliest time these mushrooms can grow is in July but most commonly appear in September and October
-Grow in dense clusters
-It is considered the largest and oldest organism on planet earth and covers hundreds of thousands of square meters in the Malheur Nation Forest in Oregon
REFERENCES:
https://www.mssf.org/cookbook/honey.html

https://www.ediblewildfood.com/honey-mushroom.aspx#:~:text=Honey%20mushrooms%20are%20parasitic%20on,They%20prefer%20forest%20settings.

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Genus: Curio
-These plants belong to at least eight different monocot plant families
-The S. Radicans gets its green color from chloroplasts along the outer walls of its leaves
-Depending upon its exposure to water, its veins can change from a green to a blue color
-The leaves and veins of this plant function through phloem
-The cell walls of the plant are thin and allow small nutrient molecules to pass through
References:
https://coronacactus.com/products/senecio-herrianus
https://laidbackgardener.blog/tag/senecio-radicans/

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-The String of Bananas is a propagator
- To reproduce an indoor String of Bananas plant:
-Cut a string of the plant at least four inches long
-Allow the end of the stem to prune
-Remove the plant leaves on the end of the stem and plant it into soil
- The plant is very fast growing and the roots will take hold of the soil and the plant will begin to grow in two weeks
-These succulents can shoot out roots from any part of the stem that touches the soil
-Keep the cuttings most by misting once every few days
-The String of Bananas is an annual plant
Reference:
https://gardenbeast.com/senecio-rowleyanus-guide/#:~:text=Propagating%20Senecio%20Rowleyanus%20is%20extremely,growth%20in%20about%20two%20weeks.

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The hanging plant, String of Bananas, is not the easiest to care for. It is quite easy to drown the plant. Not guilty of this? Then you will enjoy the plant for a long time to come. Let's dive into how to propagate string of bananas in 5 minutes today.
This page contains affiliate links, and as an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases which means we receive a small commission when you make a purchase, at zero cost to you.
Officially, the String of Bananas is called the Senecio radicans, but you can soon forget that. Just like other hanging plants such as the String of Hearts ( Ceropegia Woodii) and the String of Pearls ( Senecio rowleyanus), the String of Bananas is a real eye-catcher.

The propagation of the String of Bananas is so easy that anyone can do it. You need a little patience, but the first roots will soon appear. All you need is a pair of scissors and something to put the cutting in, of course.

What you need

String of bananas (Senecio radicans)

Scissors

Disinfectant

Container with water or flower pot with fresh succulent soil

How to Propagate String of Bananas: 4 Step Process

1. Select the propagation method

Propagation of the String of Bananas can be done in two ways: propagating in water and propagating directly in the soil. Before you start taking cuttings, it is useful to make a choice in advance.

In both cases you start with disinfecting the scissors. For this you can use pure alcohol or disinfectant.

2. Take cuttings

Once the scissors is thoroughly clean, it is time to actually use them. Take the stem(s) you would like to take cuttings. Make sure the stem is at least 10 cm.

You can also choose to take multiple stems at the same time.

Important: Cut the stems long enough. The bottom "bananas" may still need to be removed. Keep at least 2 "bananas" at the top of the cutting.

3. Put cuttings in water or soil

Here is the division between propagating in water or in soil.

The following applies to cuttings in water: Hang the cuttings of the String of Bananas in the container with water. Are the bottom "bananas" still touching the water? Cut these off the stem.

Do you choose to propagate directly with soil? Then cut the bottom "bananas" off the stem. Then put the stem in the soil. Instead of putting it in the soil, you can also place the cutting on the soil. Make sure that the place where you cut the bananas is well on the bottom.

4. Waiting for root growth

Do not overwater the cuttings in soil. Make sure the soil dries up between waterings.

New roots can develop in the places where you cut the "bananas". Cuttings in water will grow roots sooner than with soil methods. However, the soil method is less time consuming.

After about a month there will be enough roots on the cuttings. As soon as the roots are long enough, you can repot the cuttings from the water into the soil.

You May Be Interested In:

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How to Propagate String of Bananas in 5 Minutes | Succulent Alley

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The hanging plant, String of Bananas, is not the easiest to care for. It is quite easy to drown the plant. Not guilty of this? Then you will enjoy the plant for a long time to come. Let's dive into how to propagate string of bananas in 5 minutes today.

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-This plant uses photosynthesis to grow and survive
-It needs partial sunlight in the hotter months, or indoor/porch filtered sunlight
-The plant cannot survive in full sun all of the time
-The plant does not need a lot of water and its soil should stay relatively dry in between each watering, these plants are very drought tolerant
-Well-draining soil is best
-Overwatering can cause the plants leaves to burst, as that is where it stores its water
Reference:
https://succulentplantcare.com/string-of-bananas-senecio-radicans-care-propagation-toxicity/

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Houseplant Care Guide :: String of Bananas

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-The string of bananas plant is native to drier parts of South Africa
-The banana shaped leaves of the plant store excess water for later use
-The leaves small surface area protects it from dry, arid climates and reduces evaporation of its water
-In exchange, the plant has a small translucent strip along its leaves that allows sunlight in for photosynthesis
-The plants are able to tolerate high heat and warm temperatures but will not survive in frost or full sun
-In order to keep the plant healthy, it should be watered every 2-3 weeks, allowing the soil to dry before the next watering
-The plant is impartial to phototropism and grows downwards no matter what
Reference:
https://www.joyusgarden.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-growing-a-string-of-bananas-houseplant/#:~:text=It's%20hard%20to%20say%20exactly,go%20dry%20for%20too%20long.

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-This green perennial vine is a hanging plant that grows into long strings
-Coming off of the stems are small, green, banana shaped pods which hold the seeds that allow it to flower
-These banana shaped pods are about 3/4 of an inch long
-This plant can reach up to 36 inches if in the right conditions

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-Algae> unicellular protists evolved from Chlorophyta
-They maintain homeostasis by producing their own food, making their own energy, and by diffusing carbon dioxide and oxygen at different times
-Chlorophyta's use photosynthesis to make their own food, and obtain starch from photosynthesis
-Adapted to shallow water and live in both marine and freshwater habitats
-To survive in these environments they may for symbiotic relationships with with fungi or in rare instances, animals

References:
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlorophyta
http://www.biomara.org/schools/Lesson%202%20-%20how%20algae%20grow.pdf

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-Sexually and asexually
Asexual:
-Fission > Division of an entity into two or more parts
-Fragmentation > An organism is split into fragments
-Zoospores > Uses a flagellum to move, created by the protist to propagate itself
Sexually:
-Isogamous > Form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar shape and size
-Anisogamous > Form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of different shape and size
-Oogamous > Sexual reproduction by the fusion of mobile male and immobile female gametes

References:
https://www.britannica.com/science/isogamy
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

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-Most Chlorophyta is autotrophic meaning it uses photosynthesis to make its own food and produce starch
-Starch is used as a storage nutrient in the protist
-An example of heterotrophic Chlorophyta is a Polytoma
-Photoautotrophic nutrition is found in green algae as a result of Chlorophyta
-Absorbs nutrients 4-6 times faster than slow growing, complex Phaeophyta (brown algae)
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/chlorophyta
http://shigen.nig.ac.jp/algae_tree/ChlorophytaE.html#:~:text=The%20Chlorophyta%20includes%20unicellular%2C%20colonial,soil%2C%20bark%20etc.).

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-Most are unicellular, some multicellular
-Usually have  biflagellate gametes. This means during sexual reproduction two gametes were fused together and are flagellated which allows them to be mobile.
-Cell wall is composed of two layers. Inner layer is made of cellulose and outer layer is made of pectin.
-Main component of cell wall is Glucosamine
-Depending on the Chlorophyta, can have prokaryotes or eukaryotes
-Contain Chlorophylls A and B. Chlorophylls A and B are the two major pigments involved in photosynthesis

References:
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlorophyta#Cell_Structure_and_Metabolism

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Multi-celled organisms
Body Systems:
Integumentary

Skeletal System

Circulatory system

Digestive system

Endocrine system

Excretory system

Immune system

Metabolic system

Muscular system

Nervous systems

Respiratory system & thermoregulation

Reproductive system
-Unique to the duck: the skilled ability to exert a great amount of force from the tip of the bill to consume food
-The eukaryotic cell structure of a duck includes some of the common characteristics of human cells, a nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi body and lysosomes
-Unique to the duck cell is the plasma membrane, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and microfilaments
Reference: http://www.poultryhub.org/physiology/body-systems/

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Sexual reproduction
-Male and female are needed
-Male duck's sperm is injected into the female's oviduct
-The gestation period of a female duck is approx. 28-35 days
-A mother duck will sit on her eggs anywhere from 20-23 hours with multiple hour breaks during
-When she is not sitting on the eggs she will cover them with down to protect them and keep them warm
Reference:
https://sciencing.com/ducks-mate-4569594.html

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Omnivore
Eats: a variety of small organisms, worms, snails, small fish etc.
seeds, nuts, and berries
land and aquatic plants
-Ducks use their beaks to grab and swallow food, they will if in water dive their head in to retrieve it
-Wild ducks eat about 6-7 oz per day
Reference:
https://www.mossyoak.com/our-obsession/blogs/waterfowl/duck-diet-best-foods-for-ducks#:~:text=Depending%20on%20the%20duck%2C%20they,%2C%20seeds%2C%20grains%2C%20berries%20and

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All ducks have...
-Webbed feet
-No nerves or blood vessels in the feet
-Oil producing gland that makes feathers waterproof
-Average height: 20-26 in
-14,000-20,000 feathers
-Average weight: 1-3 lbs
-Shorter necks and wings than any other waterfowl species

Reference: https://kidskonnect.com/animals/duck/#:~:text=Their%20webbed%20feet%20act%20like,located%20near%20the%20duck's%20tail.

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-A Duck's feet and legs play a very important role

-Duck's are both endo and ectotherms

-The arteries and veins in the webbed feet help retain heat by working together

-Arteries push warm blood into the feet and the blood vessels push cooler blood out keeping a constant circulation

-In the colder months the blood vessels in the duck's feet constrict to slow the circulation of warm blood

-To adapt to below freezing temperatures duck's will stand on one leg to retain as much heat as possible

-When it is hotter out, to release heat ducks will stand or swim in water that is colder than their body temperature
Reference: https://www.ducks.org/conservation/waterfowl-research-science/webbed-wonders