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From 1983 psychologist Keith H. Nuechterlein and psychiatrist Michael Gitlin from the UCLA Medical Center began a study into the mental processes of schizophrenia. Specifically, they were looking into the ways in which sufferers of the mental disorder relapse and were trying to find out if there are any predictors of psychosis. To achieve this, they had schizophrenics, from a group of hundreds involved in the program, intentionally taken off their medication.

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Wendall Johnson believed that stuttering was a "learned behavior", and only occurred in children who's parents criticized their speech. Johnson performed his experiment on 22 orphans. Half of the children received positive speech therapy, praising the fluency of their speech, and the other half, negative speech therapy, belittling the children for speech imperfections.

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Milgram wanted to conduct an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Milgram (1963) examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg War Criminal trials. Their defense often was based on "obedience" - that they were just following orders from their superiors.

In Milgram's experiment, there was the "Experimenter" (this was the psychologist who knew what was happening in the study). The "Subject" (this was the unsuspecting test subject) and the Fake Test Subject (an actor). The Experimenter told the Subject that he would ask questions to the Fake Test Subject. Whenever the Fake Test Subject got the question incorrect, the Subject had to deliver him with an electric shock. With each wrong question, the strength of the shock increased. The highest shocks would have been fatal. However, no one was getting shocked, and the Subject was the only person who believed that the experiment was real.

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The Little Albert Experiment is a famous psychological experiment by behavioral psychologist John B. Watson. Watson wanted to know if fear responses was a "learned behavior" that children could be conditioned to have. Watson's test subject, a 9 month old boy named Albert, was exposed to many different things. A rat, a newspaper, a bunny, a monkey, and a mask. Initially, Albert did not show a fear reaction to any of these things.

The next time Albert was exposed to the rat, Watson made a loud, scary noise by banging a hammer against a pipe. Naturally, the child began to cry from hearing the loud noise.  After repeatedly pairing the white rat with the loud noise, Albert began to expect a frightening noise whenever he saw the white rate. Soon, Albert began to cry simply after seeing the rat.

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Many patients responded poorly to suddenly being taken off of their medications. In 1991  former program participant Antonio Lamadrid killed himself by jumping from nine floors up – despite having been open about his suicidal state of mind and supposedly under the study’s watch.

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Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects, and some retained speech problems for the rest of their lives. It was dubbed the "Monster Study" as some of Johnson's peers were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to confirm a hypothesis. The experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson's reputation would be tarnished. On 17 August 2007, seven of the orphan children were awarded a total of $1.2M by the State of Iowa for lifelong psychological and emotional scars caused by six months of torment during the University of Iowa experiment.

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Milgram was right about his prediction of the power of obedience. Although the subject thought that they were giving deadly amount of shocks, they rarely stopped. When they did push back, the Experimenter (the psychologist) told them they had to continue, and that they couldn't stop. Certain Subjects grew more and more emotionally distressed, but they continued to shock the fake test subject.

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"The instant the rat was shown, the baby began to cry. Almost instantly he turned sharply to the left, fell over on [his] left side, raised himself on all fours and began to crawl away so rapidly that he was caught with difficulty before reaching the edge of the table."

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Many families who were involved in the experiment have sued and argued that their family participant did not know what would be happening in the study. As a result, in 2005 a judge ruled that California had to tighten up their ethics laws.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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After a long search for the baby in the Little Albert experiments, it was discovered that the child died at age 6. In 2012, it was reported that he was not the healthy, normal child Watson described in his 1920 experiment. They presented convincing evidence that Watson knew about and deliberately concealed the boy's neurological condition. These findings not only cast a shadow over Watson's legacy, but they also deepened the ethical and moral issues of this well-known experiment.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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After reading, create your own post Talk about your reaction and thoughts about the study: this is your opinion. Explain your reaction to the study. Then examine if you think the study broke any ethical guidelines, if so, which guidelines did it break? You also must respond to another classmates comment.

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Wenxi Z.
I think this experiment is very powerful proved that kids are not borned to be stutterd but just really cruel to the kids that will always keep those horror comments they sufferd during the experiment. If the children suffered neagtive criticized comments on their speech in this experiment. Will they always stuttering on the rest of their life?

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This is time when lie detector test was invented but the technology wasn't strong enought yet. I never know that the fake test was used in psychology, I always thought that people did it for fun. Until now that the fake test was use for people to stop lying. Now I have a better understanding.

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This experiment sounds scary. The unsuspecting victim truly believed that the other victim (actor) was getting shocked every time that he answered incorrectly. This experiment caused a great deal of damage to the victim.

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David

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This experiment sound awful. In my opinion this is literally torture. This study broke ethical guidelines, the right to be protected from harm was violated, since the test subject would receive an electric shock when they answered incorrectly and each question wrong amount of shock would be increased. Also the test subjects couldn't leave the experiment as they were forced to continue.

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my thoughts and opinion about this experiment it kinda sound scary

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it did not really hurt anyone so I think that it was ok to do it because it was following the 4 basic principles of human research

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It sounds like the experiment that they were doing wasn't pleasant sounds horrible

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My reaction to this experiment is that Wendall Johnson himself has some psychological problems himself to think it's okay to use children as test subjects in they tests that were conducted. This effected the children's mental health negatively and is very unethical.

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The children who were criticized for making errors while speaking had a negative physiological effect. such as stuttering. But the children who were not negatively effected did not suffer.

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This is plain out screwed - up , it's bad enough that he picked orphans for the expirement , but he also belittled them just because they stuttered

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This experiment sounds crazy, and horrible becaus they subject could've been traumatized.

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This experiment sounds like torture I'm glad the the person wasn't actually getting shocked. I don't think it broke any ethical guidelines.

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Personally, this experiment sounds painful and traumatizing for the subject.

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I believe this experiment made people realized the power of obedience. By making the test subject think the actors were getting shock. So like that if the test subject was the one going in he would try to get the questions right because he would be scare of getting shock. The ethical GUI line that I think was broken was the right to debriefing because they never told the subject the truth.

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On one hand, my reaction to this experiment was a bit intrigued by how most infants would react if they saw or heard something terrifying. On the other hand, my thoughts to this experiment was surprised by how babies can get scared from something terrifyingly specific, and how it affects your mind and causes a neurological condition.

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This experiment sounds unnecessary giving the fact that the subject would be shocked regardless wether or not they lied.

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This experiment is horrible. The scientist knew about his critical condition and he didn't care. He kept on doing the experiment on the baby. The baby died. Watson shouldn't have done this experiment, he shouldn't have used this baby, and he shouldn't have thought that this was okay. This experiment is bad and it shouldn't even be called an experiment.

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its surprising that he picked orphans thats not right

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that experiment is the worst they knew he couldn't take it, his body but they stilled proceed

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this really sounds like torture to people.

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my initial reaction was that this experiment seem to have taken it to far and it reminded me of another experiment in which the person was put in a similar situation, now the Ethic rule that was broken was that the subject did not have the right to leave and had to continue the experiment

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This experiment sound very tortuous and very unnecessary.

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The child learned that when the man took out the rat he made a loud scary noise. So when the baby saw the rat he cried because he new what was coming next

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This was an interesting study, I feel like fear is totally something that is learned although due to the babies condition I don't think it was too ethical.

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the experiment un ethical cause a child can say for example " i wanna be part of the test" cause he a kid so thats what makes it wrong ethically and based on the 4 rules of experiments.

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This experiment was not okay because the baby didn't have a say so if he wanted to leave the experiment he couldn't. The ethical guideline that was broken was informed consent.

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This experiment was cruel considering the fact that it was just a child and these things weren't necessary for the world to know wether or not a child would react towards a rat or a newspaper. I think this experiment broke ethical guidelines considering the fact that Albert knew that the child was never okay to begin with and died at a very young age.

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This expirement seems a little unsettling to me , although some test subjects actually showed signs of being distressed , the majority didn't show that much remorse when giving the electric shock , at least real electricity was not used or else it could have taken a very dark turn .

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Wendall knew that the orphans wouldn't have a bad past with their speech. Wendall chose to use orphans for this experiment because he knew that the orphans weren't exposed to their parents belittling their speech because they didn't HAVE parents. This experiment was bad from the start and to finish. He knew what he was doing was wrong and that's why he kept it hidden. (you don't hide things that are good, you talk about them loudly) All in all Wendall may have been a good scientist but he chose the wrong path the second he chose to do this experiment with orphans and ruining their lives forever.

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It shock me because how a baby is not being scared to the man when he had a mask or trying to scared him. In my opinion I think the babies are smart than people think they are. I believe that when the man was trying to scared the baby, the baby already know who he was and after seen rat it was a completely strange to him

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Why would he use children as test subjects to begin with.

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my opinion about this experiment it was also horrible because he was exposed to many different things

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This is really horrible. They knew the person wasn't good yet still did it.

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if they're taken off the meds obviously they're going to be acting like that.

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the patients were already on meds because they needed them and without them it resulted them acting the way they were

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This experiment is horrible because the scientist really didn't care about the baby's health. This broke the ethical guidelines because Albert is literally a child and also he ended up dying at a very young age.

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why would someone agree for their kid to be part of this

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OMG, this is the worst thing I have ever heard. The kid must scared by those things and he psychologically affected by the things.

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This experiment was very unsettling towards me because of the way they had done the procedure and giving the patient electric shock could of killed the man. In my opinion this was some time ago so they had there methods and didn't know any better that's why its adapted to be better over the years. But there wasn't any meaning for this experiment to happen.

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My reaction was shocking and impressive yet I do believe this experiment was mentally and emotionally torture for the children involved, I find it interesting how there were two different type of children to be experimented with which would cause two completely different reactions. The ethical guideline was broken because since they were orphan children no one could have said no to the scientist giving the procedures.

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Using children that do not have parents shouldnt even be a choice. overall no kid should go through that .

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This sounds scary i wouldn't wanna do something like that its pain its not ethical because people are getting hurt

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This is just cruel because the baby didn't have a say this will later affect the baby in the future.

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Alexis Alvarado
I agree with you Steven specially because the test subjects though it was real

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I think this experiment was very cruel because they were making the kids feel bad and giving fear to talk. The ethical guideline that was broken was the right to be protected from harm and discomfort

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This expirament seems a bit bogus to me , I can kind of understand why he would pick an infant as the test subject but then again it was just barely a baby , who had health issues , and with the expirement he did on him , he probably made it worse.

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I feel like this experiment was sad yet so unnecessary due to them knowing that the baby wasn’t right from the start.

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I think this sounds scary because the part that it says ¨had to deliver him with an electric shock¨ .

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I agree with the experiments because people wanna know what other people is thinking. This experiments make me think differently and find the answer to my question. I will say it the study broke the ehical guidlines because for the ones that got affected negatively how he gonna control them, does this is part of the study.

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The way they started this experiment was wrong. They chose schizophrenic people who were suffering and they actively chose to take their medication away from them. This experiment is bad and it shouldn't have happened. These scientists are out of their minds when they are presented an experiment, whether it was their idea or not, it was a bad idea.

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what were they hoping would happen they take them of the meds they gaved them and see that their magically ok no like they were on medications for a reason or atleast i hope so cause look what happened.

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Amy Chen - Milgram Experiment Comment

Stanley Milgram conducted a study on obedience. Using a series of social psychology experiments, Milgram measured participants’ willingness to comply with an authority figure. As you read the text, identify the factors that influenced the behavior of the participants in the study.

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This experiment is just wrong staring off with the children being orphans, they are already suffering by not having parents and now being exposed to this experiment is awful.

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I think this experiment wasn’t a good idea especially on a baby because know when he sees a rat he cries. So lets say later on he sees a rat he might start to cry. Also I think the study broke all the ethical guidelines because how is a baby going to understand what your going to tell him especially what your going to do to him.

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I remember hearing about this experiment but I'm  shocked I never new the boy died at the age of 6 and this experiment brakes the ethics rule of being safe and unharmed from the experiment

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if the patients didnt had the medication they will be acting the way they were.

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This experiment reminds me of day to day lives, often people ridicule other people for their flaws, this man just did it in an experiment. The downside of it is that now the poor orphans are actually scarred for life.

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My thoughts about this study is that is was not thought thru and people died because of it. The ethical guidelines this study broke is Informed consent.

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This was a very horrifying for the baby because they were getting scared of the loud noise and for them to do it constantly the baby would finally know what was about to happened so that's why the baby cried.

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I believe this experiment is messed up. The fact that Wendall experimented on orphans, its just wrong. As well kids with the negative therapy ended up having an negative speech therapy had negative affects on them

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David that I thing that this experiment was bad sincs there was not have a good time of doing to the kid since negative will have n't udder it can effect their lives later on.

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thats crazy, why a child in the first place?!

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I do think that the study broke some ethical guidelines because the researchers didn't warn the people being tested, or the family members of the ones being tested, what was going to be the side effects or that being off the medicine could lead to someone ending their life.

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I agree with Mayte C. This experiment was definitely affect the child's mental and physical health later when he grow up.

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They rushed into the experiment way too fast especially for schizophrenic people. I think this was a total fail because people were harmed in the testing and by far the worse out of all of the experiments.

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I agree with Heidi M. Because you should never treat a kid that way his still to small

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my opinion about this experiment is that i also agree with the experiments is wrong because they are using childs as a test

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This was all a bad idea because they chose people that were already suffering and it just lead to them being sued and commit suicide.

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i did not this one at all the fact that they are testing on orphan kids is not okay and this brakes the rule of ethics by again harming the person mentality and not showing his results/ what he did to the public

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this experiment sounds so bad and do awful this is very bad and sad

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I never knew that psychologists were able to use these tests to see what people believed and thought of, whether they were true or false.

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Amy Chen - Monster Experiment

Graduate student Mary Tudor conducted experiments under Johnson's supervision. Child's speech is not perfect.

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Actually not suprising me somehow because in three yeas of history class. I have heard and watched many of those cruel things happened but still felt sad and scary.

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I keep asking myself why they want to study this?. I'm kinda confuse about this study

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This experiment sounded so bad and was scary

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this is horrible because they kept on scarring the baby with loud noises and its, so nonhuman like to do this

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this is horrible because they did it on the people who already had a disorder so they just made it worse

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I agree with Maricruz, the part scared me too. I think in a time where wars are normal to be happened so they care less about lives.