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Baroque is the year of 1600-1750. During the early baroque, it is known as complex pieces and harmonies. As choral music which was used during Renaissance period, was longer being used as the composers created a new composition which is known now as a modern orchestra, opera, concerto, sonata and cantata. Baroque is the year where everything has been changed slowly. George Frederick Handel's water music are well known composition piece for baroque period piece.

Baroque music are changing where instrumental music became as important as vocal music and it is used to express certain moods. In renaissance, they used vocal as an harmony but in this period, Chords became an important part where they created the harmony to give the strong foundation to the music.

Some popular composers during baroque period are Johann Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, George Frideric Handel and Antonia Vivaldi. These composers created their composition by using a Greek Mythology.

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Mood and Emotional Expression in Baroque

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Mood and Emotional Expression in Baroque

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The instruments will play to express basic mood throughout (unity of mood- start with joyfull, so on the end also joyfull)

If the song is happy, it will remaind to happy mood, so too sad song.
(eg. happy song : “Rejoice Greatly” from Handel’s Messiah"
sad song : “Dido’s Lament” from the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry                                  Purcell (British Baroque composer)   )

For vocal, it will changes the word in text when the accompanied music also changes.
(eg. "Rejoice Greatly" from Handel's Meassiah - word of 'Rejoice' make the music more play in semiquaver to show it joy, while the word of 'he shall speak' the music change to quaver and more tie the note)

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Chords became important in this period.
Transitions from an older modal sound to the more modern major-minor tonality
Chromaticism are freely applyed in Baroque era (chromaticism means played in semitone) and for example : "Wall-Tempered Clavier" by J.S Bach

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Long melody phrase and 'continuity melody' - still can hear the same starting melody at the end of the piece.
Often complex & are not easy to remember one hearing
It will be play with endless strings of the notes (eg.  Aria: “Endlich” from J.S. Bach’s Cantata 56 )
Previously dominant polyphony was joined by homophony consisting of a melody
In this era it's a very ornamented style (eg, trill, montant, turn etc)
Mostly the pieces are repeated melody, so with that some repeated melody can change by add some ornament.

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The Basso Continuo (figured bass)
Basically played with 2 instruments. (Keyboard as Piano or harpsichord and the low melodic like cello or bassoon)
Trio sonata was one of the famous ensemble during this era (eg, BWV 525 : Trio Sonata No.1 in E-flat Major by J.S Bach)
Solo Sonata (basically play in solo instrument)
Baroque orchestra (smaller than modern one and mainly in strings and woodwinds. While for brass and percussion are special effect)

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In early era, the texture predominantly homophonic or melody with basso continuo
polyphonic with an emphasis on the lowest and highest melodic lines.

Multiple melodies and countermelodies
- bass line = harmonic foundation for the music
- imitation between the individual melodic line of music is very common

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Terraced dynamics change suddenly rather than gradually and a major feature of baroque music.
Meaning the contrasting alternation of loud (forte, f) and soft (piano, p) volume, or dynamics.
Eg.  Chorus, “And the Glory of the Lord” from Handel’s Messiah and on bar 11-13, the Alto sing in soft dynamic, but when the Soprano, Tenor and Bass start sing together in Bar 14 of 2nd note, the dynamic suddenly loud and back to soft in Bar 17 of 3rd note.

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Baroque (Johann Sebastian Bach " Prelude in C minor from the Well-Tempered Clavier book 1)

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Baroque (Johann Sebastian Bach " Prelude in C minor from the Well-Tempered Clavier book 1)

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Repeated pattern of eight rapid notes in both hands and ended with an interrupted by a slow ornamental passage with improvisation. Then, return to running notes.

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Bach Prelude and Fugue No.2 Well Tempered Clavier, Book 1 with Harmonic Pedal

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In this composition, composers highlighting the bass and treble voices and instrument that is also known as Basso Continuo.

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Henry Purcell (1659-1695) - Dido's Lament from Dido and Aeneas

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Beginning of the piece often 'repeated' also called 'continuity of rhythm'
The pulse = regular, consistent & strong (mostly a constantly moving on bass line even the tempo is slow)
Bars or measures became the basic unit of musical rhythm, play with 3 or 4 beats in a bar to count along with the music.
- Rhythm is an energetic rhythms

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Understand Baroque for beginner.

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Baroque Period Music: Beginner’s Video Guide