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| What causes a volcano to erupt and which are the famous volcanoes in the world?
| How do volcanoes impact on the lives of people and why do people choose to live near them?
| How can we recreate an erupting volcano?
| What causes an earthquake (and a tsunami) and how are they measured?
| Who experiences extreme weather in our country?
| Which countries have experienced earthquakes and tsunamis in your life time?
| How can we capture a stormy weather pattern using music, drama and dance?
| Reflection: Each group to put together a weather presentation of extreme weather using music, drama and video clips.

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Lava song FULL version with lyrics Disney Pixar animated short film

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Updated February 23, 2018 15:23:15

Earthquakes, and quite often the subsequent landslides and tsunamis, have the ability to cause widespread death and enormous damage to cities.

Here is a timeline of some of the world's most deadly earthquakes over the past three decades.

Nepal

August 20, 1988

A magnitude-6.8 quake hit eastern Nepal, killing 721 people in Nepal and at least 277 in the neighbouring Indian state of Bihar.

Deaths: 721

Philippines

July 16, 1990

A magnitude-7.7 quake struck the heavily populated northern Philippines island of Luzon.

Deaths: 1,621

India

October 19, 1991

A quake measuring magnitude-6.6 hit the Himalayan foothills of Uttar Pradesh state in India, killing 768.

Deaths: 768

India

September 29, 1993

A magnitude-6.3 quake hit the western Indian state of Maharashtra, killing 7,601.

Deaths: 7,601

Japan

January 16, 1995

A powerful magnitude-6.9 quake hit Kobe in southern Japan, then one of the country's largest quakes in decades. The disaster led to fires which set parts of the city ablaze and left thousands homeless.

Deaths: 5,530

Papua New Guinea

July 17, 1998

A magnitude-7.1 hit at a depth of 25 kilometres on Papua New Guinea's north coast near Aitape. The quake caused a landslide and tsunami which killed more than 2,000 people.

Deaths: 2,200

Turkey

August 17, 1999

The magnitude-7.6 earthquake that struck western Turkey occurred on the well-known North Anatolian fault. Approximately 500,000 people were left homeless with the city of Izmit particularly hard hit.

Deaths: More than 17,000

Taiwan

September 20, 1999

A magnitude-7.7 quake in Taiwan, its worst in decades, killed thousands of people and caused damage to about 100,000 homes.

Deaths: 2,297

India

January 26, 2001

A massive magnitude-7.7 earthquake hit the western Indian state of Gujarat, killing 25,000 people and injuring 166,000.

Deaths: 25,000

Afghanistan

March 25, 2002

Twin earthquakes hit Afghanistan's Hindu Kush region, one measuring magnitude 6.1.

Deaths: 1,000

Iran

December 26, 2003

A quake measuring magnitude 6.7 hit the Iranian city of Bam, killing more than 31,000 people and injuring 18,000.

Deaths: 31,884

Indonesia

December 26, 2004

A massive undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra island triggered a tsunami which killed more than 220,000 in countries around the Indian Ocean, including 168,000 in Indonesia.

Deaths: 227,898

Pakistan

October 8, 2005

A magnitude-7.6 quake killed more than 75,000 people, the vast majority of them in Pakistan's North West Frontier Province and the Pakistani-administered zone of Kashmir state. About 3.5 million people were displaced.

Deaths: more than 75,000

Indonesia

May 26, 2006

A powerful quake in Indonesia's Yogyakarta region killed almost 6,000 people and left 1.5 million homeless.

Deaths: 5,749

Solomon Islands

April 2, 2007

A magnitude-8.1 quake hit at a depth of 10 kilometres near Solomon Islands' provincial capital of Gizo. A tsunami that followed killed 52 people and destroyed several villages.

Deaths: 52

China

May 12, 2008

A powerful quake measuring magnitude 8.0 hit China's south-west province of Sichuan, leaving more than 87,000 people dead or missing.

Deaths: 87,587

Samoa

September 29, 2009

A powerful undersea quake measuring magnitude 8.1 hit the Samoa Islands region causing a tsunami which killed scores and damaged homes.

Deaths: 192

Indonesia

September 30, 2009

A magnitude-7.5 earthquake hit off the southern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The epicentre was 45 kilometres west-north-west of Padang. Thousands were injured and more than 130,000 homes damaged.

Deaths: 1,117

Haiti

January 12, 2010

A catastrophic magnitude-7.0 quake hit Haiti, leaving between 250,000 and 300,000 dead. It razed much of the capital Port-au-Prince and left Haitians in desperate need of food and shelter.

Deaths: Up to 300,000

China

April 14, 2010

A magnitude-6.9 quake hit Yushu county in north-west China's Qinghai province leaving thousands dead and missing.

Deaths: 3,000

New Zealand

February 22, 2011

A shallow magnitude-6.3 earthquake struck 10 kilometres south-east of Christchurch on New Zealand's south island causing widespread damage.

Deaths: 185

Japan

March 11, 2011

Nearly 18,900 were killed when a tsunami, triggered by a massive magnitude-9.0 undersea quake, slammed into the north-east coast of Japan, triggering a nuclear crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi atomic plant.

Overall deaths: 20,896

Turkey

October 23, 2011

A magnitude-7.2 quake rocked eastern Turkey, leaving hundreds dead and at least 4,150 injured. Rescue workers pulled a 13-year-old boy alive from the rubble almost five days after the quake struck, causing a national sensation.

Deaths: More than 600

Iran

August 11, 2012

Twin earthquakes measuring magnitude 6.3 and 6.4 left hundreds dead and more than 3,000 injured near the Iranian city of Tabriz. Officials said half of the 600 villages located in the disaster area were damaged or destroyed.

Deaths: 306

Pakistan

September 24, 2013

A magnitude-8.3 struck at a depth of 20 kilometres north-east of Awaran, killing more than 800 people. One of the poorest areas in the country, more than 100,000 people were left homeless.

Deaths: 825

China

August 3, 2014

A magnitude-6.2 quake struck near Ludian county in Yunnan province killing hundreds of people and injuring thousands. Scores of poorly constructed buildings also collapsed in the quake.

Deaths: 729

Nepal

April 25, 2015

The magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit Nepal's eastern district Lamjung at a depth of 8.2km. The quake, including a massive aftershock in May, killed and injured thousands and destroyed ancient monuments, including UNESCO heritage site Basantapur Durbar Square in Kathmandu. The disaster also triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest and the Langtang valley. Hundreds were left homeless.

Deaths: More than 9,000

Italy

August 24, 2016

A magnitude-6.2 earthquake struck Appenines region of central Italy, killing almost 300 people. Most of the buildings in the quake zone had no anti-seismic protection, but some of those that did also fell apart.

Deaths: 298

Indonesia

December 7, 2016

A magnitude-6.4 earthquake in Indonesia's Aceh province flattened popular markets, mosques and other buildings in the region near Banda Aceh, which was famously hit by a tsunami in 2004.

Deaths: 100

Mexico

September 7, 2017

The most powerful earthquake to hit Mexico in more than 80 years, a magnitude-8.1 quake hit near the town of Juchitan on the nation's southern coast, in what was described as "the most terrible moment in [Juchitan's] history".

Authorities warned of aftershocks and, indeed, another powerful quake hit the country just 10 days later.

Deaths: 90

Mexico

September 19, 2017

A major magnitude-7.1 earthquake hit central Mexico, collapsing at least 44 buildings in the capital Mexico City, one of the world's biggest cities.

Deaths: 119
Source: AFP/Reuters/USGS
First posted October 27, 2015 08:41:43

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Deadliest earthquakes of the past 30 years

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Updated February 23, 2018 15:23:15 Earthquakes, and quite often the subsequent landslides and tsunamis, have the ability to cause widespread death and enormous damage to cities. Here is a timeline of some of the world's most deadly earthquakes over the past three decades.

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Volcano facts | National Geographic Kids

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Check out these fascinating volcano facts with National Geographic Kids! What is a volcano? Why does it erupt? And where can you find the world's biggest?

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Updated October 27, 2010 11:17:00

The latest killer tsunami in Indonesia was preceded over the past century by giant waves that also took a heavy toll.

The following is a list of the worst tsunamis in the course of the past century:

March 11, 2011: Japan - A series of tsunamis triggered by a massive 9-magnitude earthquake leaves hundreds dead in Japan's north-east. The waves raced across the Pacific, causing devastation as far away as California in the United States.

February 28, 2010: Chile - An 8.8-magnitude quake and the ensuing tsunami killed more than 800 people and left two million homeless. Many of the dead were from coastal areas submerged by the tsunami.

September 30, 2009: Pacific - Two earthquakes measuring 8.1 and 8.0 occurred at almost the same time, causing tsunamis that devastated Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. Five-metre-high waves killed 192 people.

December 26, 2004: Asia - An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale triggered the Boxing Day tsunami that struck 10 Asian and two African countries, killing almost 250,000 people. More than 170,000 of those who died were in Indonesia's Aceh province.

August 17, 1999: Turkey - A 7.6 tremor struck the north-west and centre of the country, claiming about 17,000 lives and causing a devastating tsunami.

July 17, 1998: Papua New Guinea - Following two quakes each measuring 7.0, a tsunami ravaged 30 kilometres of northern coastline, sweeping away seven villages with a loss of more than 2,000 lives, according to official statistics. Local sources put the death toll at between 6,000 and 8,000.

December 12, 1992: Indonesia - A tremor touched off several tsunamis, swamping the island of Flores and killing 2,000 people.

August 17, 1976: Philippines - A tremor caused a tsunami which left 5,000 people dead on the Filipino island of Mindanao.

May 21-30, 1960: Chile - A 9.5 strong earthquake was followed by a devastating tsunami affecting Pacific rim countries including the Philippines and Japan. The death toll was 5,700 in Chile, 61 in Hawaii and 130 in Japan.

November 4, 1952: USSR - The Kamchatka Peninsula on the country's Pacific seaboard experienced one of its worst earthquakes, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale and causing a massive tsunami felt all the way across the Pacific as far as Chile and Peru. More than 2,300 people died.

March 3, 1933: Japan - At Sanriku on the island of Honshu, a quake measuring 8.3 followed by a tsunami caused more than 3,000 deaths.

First posted December 29, 2004 08:22:00

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Updated October 27, 2010 11:17:00 The latest killer tsunami in Indonesia was preceded over the past century by giant waves that also took a heavy toll. The following is a list of the worst tsunamis in the course of the past century: March 11, 2011: Japan - A series of tsunamis triggered by a massive 9-magnitude earthquake leaves hundreds dead in Japan's north-east.

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Kids learn about tsunamis including what causes them such as earthquakes, where they occur, why they are dangerous, and what happens during a tsunami event.

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Volcano | The Dr. Binocs Show | Learn Videos For Kids