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 Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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 Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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On August 4, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson announced that two days earlier, U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin had been attacked by the North Vietnamese. Johnson dispatched U.S. planes against the attackers and asked Congress to pass a resolution to support his actions. The joint resolution “to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia” passed on August 7, with only two senators  (Wayne Morse and Ernest Gruening) dissenting, and became the subject of great political controversy in the course of the undeclared war that followed.The Tonkin Gulf Resolution stated that “Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent any further aggression.” As a result, President Johnson, and later President Nixon, relied on the resolution as the legal basis for their military policies in Vietnam.

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The Hồ Chí Minh trail (also known in Vietnam as the Truong Son  trail") was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic republic of Vietnam  (North Vietnam) to the Republic Of Vietnam  (South Vietnam) through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia The system provided support, in the form of manpower and Material , to the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam  (called the Vietcong  or "VC" by its opponents) and the Peoples Army of Vietnam War (PAVN), or North Vietnamese Army, during the Vietnam War.

It was named by the Americans for North Vietnamese president Ho Minh. Although the trail was mostly in Laos, the communists called it the Truong Son Strategic Supply Route, after the Vietnamese name for the Annamite Range  mountains in central Vietnam. According to the United States National Security Agency's official history of the war, the Trail system was "one of the great achievements of military engineering of the 20th century

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(1905-1995) holds the record as the longest-serving chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from 1959 to 1974. Kayla Randall

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US escalation in Vietnam came in the wake of Lyndon Johnson’s victory in the presidential election of November 1964. With a full four-year term ahead of him, the president now turned his full attention to Vietnam – and he was not pleased by what he saw.

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largest and most influential radical student organization of the 1960s. At its inception in 1960, there were just a few dozen members, inspired by the civil rights movement and initially concerned with equality, economic justice, peace, and participatory democracy. Kayla

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"The War of Indochina enters its final phase. Dien Bien Phu The longest, most
furious battle of
the French
Expeditionary
Corps in the
Far East.
170 days of
confrontation,57 days of hell.

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Madame Nhu, the wife of Diệm's younger brother Nhu, was South Vietnam's de facto First Lady, and a Catholic convert herself. She led the way in Diệm's programs to reform Saigon society in accordance with Catholic values. Brothels and opium dens were closed, divorce and abortion made illegal, and adultery laws strengthened. Diệm won a street war with the private army of the Bình Xuyên organised crime syndicate of the Cholon brothels and gambling houses who had enjoyed special favors under the French and Bảo Đại. He further dismantled the private armies of the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects, which controlled parts of the Mekong Delta. Diệm was passionately anti-Communist. According to Gabriel Kolko about 12,000 suspected opponents of Diệm were killed between 1955 and 1957 and by the end of 1958 an estimated 40,000 political prisoners had been jailed.[23] However, Guenter Lewy argues that such figures were exaggerated and that there were never more than 35,000 prisoners of all kinds in the whole country. Diệm's repression extended beyond communists to anti-communist dissidents and anti-corruption whistleblowers.

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was a political organization and army in South Vietnamand Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War (1959–1975), and emerged on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army o Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war spokesmen insisted the Việt Cộng was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958

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is any chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause its leaves to fall off. A classic example of a highly toxic defoliant is Agent Orange, which the British military used abundantly to defoliate regions of Malaya during the Malayan Emergency, and the U.S. military to defoliate regions of Vietnam during the Vietnam Warfrom 1961 to 1970

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organization that led the struggle for Vietnamese independence from French rule. The Viet Minh was formed in China in May 1941 by Ho Chi Minh. Although led primarily by Communists, the Viet Minh operated as a national front organization open to persons of various political persuasions

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Ho Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I. Inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941.

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Doves & Hawks---this was a term used to describe conflicting parties of a military conflict.

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Doves & Hawks---this was a term used to describe conflicting parties of a military conflict.

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A dove is described as a person that opposes the the use of miltary pressure to resolve a dispute; a hawk is some one that favors entry into war.

Kierra C.

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During the Vietnam War (1954-75), as part of the strategic bombing campaign known as Operation Rolling Thunder, U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam from March 1965 to October 1968. Kayla Randall

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Search & Destroy---a military strategy used during the Vietnam War. The objective was to insert ground forces into hostile territory, search out the enemy, destroy them, and withdraw immediately afterward. This plan became very effective with new warfare technology such as the helicopter.

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Search & Destroy---a military strategy used during the Vietnam War. The objective was to insert ground forces into hostile territory, search out the enemy, destroy them, and withdraw immediately afterward. This plan became very effective with new warfare technology such as the helicopter.

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The strategy made attacking and conquering the enemy a lot easier.

Kierra C.

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Domino Theory and U.S. Involvement in and Escalation of the Vietnam War

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Domino Theory and U.S. Involvement in and Escalation of the Vietnam War

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Crystal Woods, Kierra Colquitt, Kayla Randall, Timothy Criswell II period 4

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The Domino Theory---a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

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The Domino Theory---a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

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The Domino Theory basically predicts that countries fall behind one another and use each others' ideas to run their own countries.

Kierra C.