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The women's suffrage movement is verbatim the them of identity. Throughout the Progressive era, Woman had to make a name for themselves in society, politics, and the economy. They had to fight for gender equality and the best way to do that was by pushing for voting rights. By the end of the era, women have accomplished their identity and were granted the 19th amendment ratification. Not only did this provide women the equal political rights, but it was also the foundation of more women prominence in society and economy. The women of the Progressive era accomplished a new identity that would change how the U.S. look at women for the rest of time.

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How the topics relate to the APUSH Theme

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The Progressive era was a time period of constant struggle with tariffs, but in the end proved that a lowered tariff would boost the United States economy. The Tariff falls perfectly under the bagpipe theme of Economy, Trade and Commerce. With the lowered tariffs, the United States opened doors to foreign trade and boosted the overall market by increasing competition. This increased the trade and commerce within and outside the U.S.

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Politics and Power - Busting Political Machines

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Politics and Power - Busting Political Machines

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With the new political restraints put into place, the busting of political machines falls under the Politics and Power, but more specifically authority and power. The shift from political machines to a more merit based political system goes to show how the U.S. moved towards proper authority instead of power. The political machines were strictly power hungry groups of people who were willing to rig elections in order to maintain power. The United States put certain restrictions down during the Progressive era that shifted the government from power to proper authority. The government officials were now put in place by their intellectual and authoritative ability. The Progressive era is a perfect time period to show the political shift from Power to Authority.

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Populist Party formed with the driving force of reducing tariffs to help bring the agriculture economy back to life.

This era called for a change in the policy of tariffs in order to keep up with the free market economy.

President William Taft assured to the nation that the tariffs would be lowered throughout the entire country. This was very unpopular throughout the nation at the time.

Woodrow Wilson passed the Underwood Tariff Act in 1913 to lower tariffs and all businesses to be regulated.

In the end of the Progressive Era, the lowered tariffs ended up boosting the economy. It allowed for more competition between markets and opened up more international trade. Even though many people opposed the lowered tariff, it was beneficial in the end.

Many people tend to believe that the Progressive era did not solve the issue of tariffs. I disagree and say even though in years to come, tariffs will be addressed again, the Progressive Era still made a major impact on the economy with tariffs. They showed that a lowered tariff will help the United States internationally and that it will help its citizens gain more economic opportunity. In the end, I believe that the Progressive era answered the constant questions of high or low tariff that appeared in the Gilded Age.

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Throughout the Gilded Age, tariffs were high due to factors such as the Civil War

Tariffs were often a major topic of debate in the elections of 1884 and 1888. Republicans were in favor of a higher tariff to keep the European goods from infiltrating the precious American market. Democrats wanted to lower the tariff to increase the annual surplus of the United States.

Farmers often times were hit very hard by tariffs as many of there exports had a hefty tax on it.

The tariff debate was hurting the economy and needed to be solved in order to assist in making America strong on the global economic stage

In 1890, President McKinley passed what is known as the McKinley Tax. This raised the tax rate on foreign goods. This went very unfavored and caused for huge debate and reform throughout the Progressive Era.

These problems with tariffs in the Gilded Age would lead to the issue being addressed in the Progressive Era.

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Solving Political Corruption in the Progressive Era

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Solving Political Corruption in the Progressive Era

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The Progressive Era was the time period where the people of the Untied States began to destroy the political corruption that developed in the Gilded Age.

The Pendleton Act - This was an act that forced government officials to be elected based of merit and ability. This act was put in place with the goal to end patronage in the government system.

The Australian ballot - The Australian ballot. Also known as the secret ballot, was another way in which the government fought against political corruption. Before the secret ballot, the political machines would often times crowd the ballot room and make sure that everyone votes for them. This was possible because people would vote by telling who they are voting for at the ballot box. With the Australian ballot, the voting remained a secret and political machines could no longer tell who was voting for them or not. This again fought against the corrupt political machines

17th Amendment - This amendment stated that senators would now be directly elected by the people. This would prevent patronage and scandals even more.

Muckrakers - These were the brave people who spoke put against the political machines and greatly contributed to their downfall. These Writers, Journalists, and artists would write articles and draw pictures displaying the political corruption around the nation. Political Cartoonist, Thomas Nast is one of the most famous Muckrakers, along with Lewis Hines and Jacob Riis.

The Progressive era pushed the corrupt political machines away and shifted to more authority than power

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Political Issue - Political Corruption in Gilded Age

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Political Issue - Political Corruption in Gilded Age

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The Gilded Age was full of political corruption that took over the governments of many areas of the United States during this time period.

Political Machines - These are the political parties that essentially took over elections to stay in power and remain wealthy. These machines had many ways of ensuring votes. They would often times promise immigrants and other poor/lower class people a decent living condition, in exchange for a vote for the machine at the ballot box. The most infamous of the political machines in New York City was a man named William "Boss" Tweed of Tammany Hall.

This time period was also engulfed with scandals. Many of the scandals of the era include Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring, and Tweed Ring.

Patronage - (Spoils System) - This was another way the government was corrupt during the Gilded Age. Under the idea of Patronage, political officials would appoint people into jobs of the government who had previously helped the official in one way, shape, or form. This could be anywhere from helping them getting elected, to just remaining a strong friendship with the person.

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National American Women Suffrage Association

19th Amendment Ratification

Women had support from minority groups, temperance movements, and middle class workers. Temperance and Woman's suffrage worked hand in hand.

Women's voting rights started in the western states

During the Gilded Age, Women's suffrage became an issue and people began to push for it, but many politicians refused to cooperate and the movement never really hit the ground running until the Progressive Era.

Progressive Era helped solve the issue of the Women's suffrage by creating the 19th amendment and providing women with equal political rights in the United States

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Part 2 - Women's Suffrage In The Gilded Age

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Part 2 - Women's Suffrage In The Gilded Age

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Part 3 - Women's Suffrage In Progressive Era

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Part 3 - Women's Suffrage In Progressive Era

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Part 2 - Women's Suffrage in Progressive Era

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Part 2 - Women's Suffrage in Progressive Era

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Part 1 - Women's Suffrage In Progressive Era

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Part 1 - Women's Suffrage In Progressive Era

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The New Deal and FDR era is the Progressive era in the future - 1933 - 1938 

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The New Deal and FDR era is the Progressive era in the future - 1933 - 1938 

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I link the Progressive era to the time period of FDR and the New deal. There is a very strong link between the two. The link would be that in both the Progressive era and the New Deal era, political, economic and social issues were trying to be solved. I have no need to explain the Progressive era to you, as I have this whole presentation for that, but the New Deal was the same as in it had to fix many problems created by the time period prior to it. The New Deal came after the United States had fallen in what is known as the Great Depression. In 1929, the stock market crashed and sent the U.S. into a tailspin that would be addressed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's election in 1932. FDR would enact this New Deal that promised to take America out of the Economic collapse and prevent it from happening again. Much like the Progressive era, FDR would address new economic standards, business reform, farm policy, banking, and social security. There is a clear link between the two time periods as both had to pick up the economic, political, and social slack that was created in the time period before.

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President Roosevelt supporting prohibtion

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Many people during the Progressive Era made it a goal to promote temperance.

In 1873, the Women's Christian Temperance Union was created in order to spread temperance.

By 1911, The organization had 245,000 members. The WCTU had become the largest single women's organization in U.S. history.

In 1893, The Anti-Saloon League entered the temperance movement. This organization pressed for a legislative solution to alcoholism. They pressured for legal abolition of saloons and eventually pressed for complete prohibition of Alcohol.

Prohibition steadily grew throughout the Progressive Era as 19 states passed prohibition laws by 1916.

By 1920, the 18th amendment was passed to prohibit alcohol consumption. This amendment would later be reversed with the passing of the 21st amendment, but it still put a major dent into the issue of alcoholism during the Progressive Era.

Throughout this era, prohibition gradually increased and helped solve the issue of Alcoholism for the Era and later eras to come

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During the Gilded Age, alcoholism was a huge issue throughout society.

Wives and mothers were concerned as they felt that alcohol was causing malicious male behavior. They hoped that temperance would reform this behavior.

Workers would miss work due to be drunk.

many workers would be intoxicated on the job.

I feel like with all the issues going on in society, many people resorted to alcohol to pass time and let them forget what is going on in their lives.

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Progressive Era: Trust Busting and solving Monopoly issue

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Progressive Era: Trust Busting and solving Monopoly issue

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The people of the Progressive Era really focused on making the economy more fair for the common people

In 1887, Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act to regulated the railroad industry, mainly monopolies on the railroads. The act forced the railroad companies to reasonable and just in their rates and decisions. This was important because it was the first federal law to regulate private industry on the United States. This would lead to more regulation on monopolistic practices.

Sherman Antitrust Act - 1890 - this act passed by Congress was to prohibit trusts that have developed over the course of time in the U.S. This act gave more power to the Interstate Commerce Act. Monopolistic practices were under attack by this act.

President McKinley was assassinated and President Theadore Roosevelt took office and began his reign as the "Trust Buster"

Elkins Act - 1903 - Act passed by congress intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act. Under this act, it is illegal for railroads to allow for different freight rates than what has already been published by the company. This helps reduce trusts because the people who often times demanded lower rates were those smaller companies and people with a trust.

Hepburn Act - 1906 - President Roosevelt ordered this act. Made the Interstate Commerce Act stronger as the powers were now expanded to other companies and other ways of transportation.

Mann-Elkins Act - 1910 - Strengthen Interstate Commerce Commission that was formed under the Interstate Commerce Act.

Throughout the entire era, more acts were constantly passed in order to continue to the busting of Trust and Monopolies.

Theodore Roosevelt was known as the trust buster, and his succeeder, President Taft, busted trusts as well.

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Throughout the Gilded Age, the government exercised a laissez faire style government. This means that the government did not interfere with the economy

Economy was controlled by many super powers in certain industries

John D. Rockefeller - built a monopoly in the oil business using horizontal integration. He would would own one aspect of the production process and force businesses to go through him. He formed the Standard Oil company in 1868. Over a decade, Rockefeller would undercut his competition and eventually dwindle the smaller businesses out and force them to either disband or join his company. By the mid-1880's, Rockefeller refined 90% of the nation's oil.

Andrew Carnegie - Leader of Carnegie steel and dominated his area of the field by using Vertical integration. Carnegie controlled entire production process, forcing other companies to work with him.

J.P. Morgan - Last of the major triad of monopoly masters. Would go onto hold parts of both Rockefeller's and Carnegie's business, as well of many of his own

The Gilded Age was also full of company grants, known as Trusts. Trust were used to control other companies by owning its stock and basically treating the company as a puppet. Trust were popularly used by Standard Oil company as they basically eliminated all competition.

Trusts and Monopolies became an issue and the Progressive Era was the time to address those issues.

Lastly, there would be no competition for many areas of the field, so people could charge prices that are unreasonable. For example, Railroads companies would control an area and provide high prices for some people and low prices for others.

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Photographer of child labor

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This an image of the Children's Crusades march

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How did the Gilded Age fix the Child Labor issue

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How did the Gilded Age fix the Child Labor issue

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Many people began to grow upset with the working conditions of all workers, including children.

Unions began to develop. People began to go against the poor conditions for workers.

June 1, 1903 - Children's crusades - March led by Martha Jones in Pennsylvania to New York to show that people are against the use of Child Labor. This had no legislative impact, but sparked more support against child labor.

On April 25, 1904, The National Child Labor Committee was created as a national effort to overcome the issue of child labor in America.

Lewis Hines - a very influential investigative photographer who brought out the dangers of child labor in America. His photography was a powerful method of making people aware of the Child Labor.

The U.S. Children Bureau was created in 1912. This was very significant because it was the first time the federal government intervened in the topic of child labor.

In the year of 1916, the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 was passed by the U.S. Congress. The act stated that the government prohibits interstate commerce of goods produced by factories that employ 14 and 16 years old.

February 24, 1919 - Child Labor Tax Law was passed making a 10% income tax on the net annual profits of a company that employs child laborers. This was very effective because a child was defined as someone who is 16 years old or less. This law would eventually go to court and be decided to be unconstitutional. Even though the law was over turned, it was very effective in continuing the movement against child labor.

The Progressive era ended with not completely solving the problem of child labor. However, the era definitely began the movement and influenced the later passing of laws against child labor.

The Walsh-Healy Act of 1936 - Law prohibited against use of child labor for companies on a government contract. Significant because the federal government is taking action against child labor by law.

1938 - Fair Labors Standards Act passed - signed by President Roosevelt to place restrictions on child labor. Law was ratified in 1949 to end child labor in industrial area of United States.

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Children working for the greed of American business oweners

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During the Gilded Age, many young boys and girls were working in America. In 1870, 750,000 children under the age of 15 were employed. That number would increased to 2 million by the beginning of the 19th century.

Many kids were forced into work at an age as young as 6 years old. Many of these children were of middle class or poorer.

Many families were against the idea of child labor, but had they had no option as they needed the extra income.

Companies loved hiring children because they were a cheap source of labor and could often times do special tasks, like getting their small hands in hard to reach places for an adult.

The jobs were often times very dangerous. Many of the child workers would get seriously injured or even die on the job.

Long work days were common even for the the children.

Government found child labor to be acceptable. as long as there is a way of income, the government was not going to try to stop it. Government felt that labor was not harmful to the children.

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Social: Child Labor
Social: Immigration
Political: Women's Suffrage
Political: Corrupt Political Machines
Economic: Monopolies and Trusts
Economic: Tariffs

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The Progressive Era was a period of significant change; explain how the Progressive Era solved the problems of the Gilded Age, in the categories of social, economic, and political.