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Group 13 Abby Boerkircher, Alycia Alt, Sydney Masching, Alyssa Neneman, Kelli Doeschot

Alycia:

-New international agreements and institutions also helped speed up and broaden trade, maximizing efficiencies at every stage.

-Most economists regard division of labor and globalization as strategies that can continue to be expanded far into the future.

Kelli:

-Specialization has taken place in many of the developed countries to the point where specialization might have to be reversed because of the depleted resources.

-Urbanization is dependent on agriculture production and the cheap price of oil.

-Farmers are working full-time to fulfill all the food production, leaving people to do other specialized jobs.

Abby:

Specialization goes hand in hand with urbanization

Long distance trade expanded dramatically from the 1980s onward as a result of the widespread use of cargo container ships, the development of satellite communications, and the application of computer technology.

People were happier before trade when we were more of a gift economy

Sydney:

Enlarging the scope of trade can also reduce, if resources or products are scarce and expensive in one place but abundant and cheap in another, or if people in one place are willing to accept less payment for their work than in another.

There may not be much more to achieve through specialization in the already-industrialized countries, as most tasks that can possibly be professionalized, commercialized, segmented, and apportioned already have been.

Alyssa:

-the stimulus bailout of 2008-2009 cut interest rates from 5% to 0%.

-the only way these problems could be allayed would be through more central bank money creation.

Part 2:

Sydney: 1. From Group 4, I have learned that electricity is one of the most convenient uses of energy and is also expensive. However, even with the high price in electricity, there is also the upside of it being very versatile.

2. Homeownership has been rates have been very high, meaning that it has created a  slight downward slope in the housing market. This is due to foreclosures and families not being able to afford to move or buy a new home.

Alycia:

-From group 11 I learned that if energy and transportation had increased its performance like the typical consumer-grade personal computer, we would be buying cars for $750 that get 2000 miles per gallon.

-Group 1 mentioned that technology has always been perceived as a progressive tool to further economy. But once you take into account how much energy is needed for this technology you realize it isn’t as progressive as thought.

Kelli:

From group 1

That technology has added to the growth of the Economy in the United States  because of the creation of jobs.

New technologies will be better than the previous technology because of energy conservation.

Abby:

From Group 8

LED currently underdevelopment should deliver about 150 I/w, twice that of currnet CFLs

The theoretical maximum efficiency for producing white light from electricity is about 300 lumens per watt

Alyssa:

From Group 9:

Recent inventions tend to focus on taking current products, tools, and methods communication and making them cheaper and faster.

New technologies, trends, and products are developing at a slow pace.

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Group 14: Sarah Vonasek, Mattie Wilkinson,  Cassie McClure, Kim Wear 

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Group 14: Sarah Vonasek, Mattie Wilkinson,  Cassie McClure, Kim Wear 

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What we learned (continued)…

-We learned from Group 11 is that if we used Personal Transit Systems as a society instead of cars and other automobiles, than we would cut our energy attainment by over half. Group 11 said that with cars use 3,496 volumes of energy/passenger mile, when PTS uses only 839 volumes.

- From Group 7, we learned that there are just only so many renewable resources available. There are limits to what we can sustain life with from the earth. For example, we know we will run out of physical elements at some point. They also mentioned that efficiency also has limits. We can only get energy as fast as we can. For example, wind turbines are a good source for minimal energy but how long it last to process that energy won’t be enough to sustain our way of life.

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Group 4 Responses - Kacy Bartels, Paige Lyons, Bethany Barone, Charissa Shotkoski, Aubrey Linz

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Group 4 Responses - Kacy Bartels, Paige Lyons, Bethany Barone, Charissa Shotkoski, Aubrey Linz

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What we learned from other groups:

Paige - From Group 11: We learned that if transportation had increased in the way that personal computers have then cars would be extremely cheaper ($750), with increasingly good gas mileage (2000mpg). They made a great point with the fact that the slowest moving technology is the one that we depend on so much. We also learned from this group that although computers are being produced and updated at a faster level, with many additional new and modern components, with smaller pieces to create them, cars and energy are not upgrading that fast. New cars still require similar materials with a few new upgrades to them, but still need steel to produce them.

Kacy - From Group 15: We learned that technological growth is not infinite just like economic growth is not infinite. Resources are limited and you can't keep substituting the original resources with new resources because even the substitutions will run out eventually. Technology has made things a lot easier and faster for us but we have to realize that it can't solve all problems. I think this is a really important point and fact to realize especially in the time that we are in now with global warming and other resources steadily declining.

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Group 12 Responses: Lexi Volcek, Jessica Colligan, Elizabeth Campbell, Tessa Kurtenbach, Katherine Wanek

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Group 12 Responses: Lexi Volcek, Jessica Colligan, Elizabeth Campbell, Tessa Kurtenbach, Katherine Wanek

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What we learned from other groups:

From Group 3: Material Substitution is being researched and developed, but the new materials are inferior in most cases and can require more energy to produce than the materials that they are replacing.  Batteries are a less efficient substitute for gasoline which is largely why electric cars are not being used as much.

From Group 14- As fossil fuels run out, the prices for what is left of them with start to get very high.  Since travel requires fossil fuels, as the prices increase, traveling will be reserved for the wealthy.  Driving long distances and going to other countries will become very rare for most people.

From Group 9: The end goal of many inventions nowadays is to simply make already created products more efficient, cheaper, and faster. With that being said, it is pretty rare to see authentically new inventions being created. What we tend to see are innovations of things that already exist in the marketplace.

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Audrey Gustafson, Sophie Cleborad, Shannon Shearer, Lindsey Spohr, Mackenzie Fleming

What we learned from other groups:
1. From Group 6 we learned that there is a strong correlation between low oil prices and economic expansion. There is also a correlation with high oil prices and recessions.
2. From Group 14 we learned that if we don't come up with a solution, travel will only be for the privileged. Since fossil fuels are running out, the prices will become too high for most people to travel by car.

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Group 2 Responses Cierra, Camille, Brittnee, Kelli, Angelica

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Group 2 Responses Cierra, Camille, Brittnee, Kelli, Angelica

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1)Electricity is one of the most convenient uses of energy and also relatively expensive. Even though the cost of electricity is high its versatility gives us more out of each btu expended.
2)We learned from Group 7 that in trying to make energy more efficient it is really making energy cheaper, but we don't use any less then we used to. Instead we are actually using more energy since it is costing people less.

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Cassie McClure, Sarah Vonasek, Mattie Wilkinson, Kim Wear

What we have a learned

1. When reading about group 1 and what they have discovered about technology and how it effect the economy we understand that technology plays a huge role in the way we react with certain situations. They talk about how the energy to make all this new technology is just a waist of time and they are right because why keep making something new instead of perfecting one item.
2. Reading the information that group 9 has provided has actually made me believe that we can achieve better things when we only focus on one item instead of making newer ones. As I previously discussed in the point before.

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Alyssa Goldman
Emily Lutz
Shaila Quinn
Alex Goossen
Megan Weiland

1. We learned (from group 3) that by far and large petroleum is much more economically efficient than replacing all petroleum based cars with electronically powered batteries, which is why not all car companies have adopted this manufacturing process. (Goldman)
2. We learned (from group 11) that "new" technology is not being invested. Rather, current technology is being redone to be more efficient. Because of the lack of new ideas/products being invented, businesses are competing with one another with same or very similar products, which causes them to lower their prices so that consumers will buy their product. (Lutz)

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Group 9: Natalie Kent, Katie Brunke, Sarah Smith, Katie Pankonin, and Jocelyn Theil

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Group 9: Natalie Kent, Katie Brunke, Sarah Smith, Katie Pankonin, and Jocelyn Theil

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Heinberg Pages 174-175 Main Points

1) Throughout the past humans have been creating new activities and technology to make life more simplified. We have come to a point where "genuinely new" activities and inventions are not going to happen. Recent inventions tend to focus on taking current products, tools, and methods communication and making them cheaper and faster.
2) New technologies, products, and trends in businesses tend to develop at a very slow pace. They are becoming less appealing to the public and making it harder and harder to attract investments, which complicates finding the cost for resources to develop, produce, and implement it.
3) Automation has made it so that businesses do not need to hire more employees- a notion that would make it seem that businesses could be more profitable. However, the lack of "new" products existing has only caused companies to have the same products competing against each other. Thus, they are forced to drive prices down in order to get the consumer on their side.

What we learned from other groups:
1) We learned from group 11 that energy and transportation are some of the single most important technologies. For instance, if energy and transportation had increased its performance like the typical consumer grade personal computer, it would be feasible to be buying cars for $750 that received 2,000 miles to the gallon. This is such a crazy concept in comparison to what we currently pay as a society.
2) We learned from group 6 that obviously energy efficiency will look significantly different in a resource restrained economy than of that in a wealthy economy. Seeing that in the course we are constantly comparing what our resources look like based on our economy, it isn't surprising that energy efficiency fits this mold as well.

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Group 5: Shaila Quinn, Alyssa Goodman, Emily Lutz, Alex Goossen, and Megan Weiland

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Group 5: Shaila Quinn, Alyssa Goodman, Emily Lutz, Alex Goossen, and Megan Weiland

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Heinberg: Pages 166-167

1) The conclusion to the discussion of Peak Oil and energy substitution shows the improvement caused lots of thought regarding the rise in the cost of producing high quality energy vectors could cause important economic impacts. Without a substitution process, reductions in the E/GDP ratio would slow. (Quinn)

2) We learned that a big reason the energy-GDP comparison is skewed due to the change in outsourcing of production. The United States used to be an industrial power house that exported manufactured products to the rest of the world, being dominant in the 1950's. But in 1970, Japan had become the leading manufacturer of electronic consumer goods. By the 1990s, China became the source for an even larger array of products. (Gooseman)

3) America's economy grew by buying goods overseas, however the trade deficit increased, being $17 billion each month. (Weiland)

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Group 3: Araceli Velasco, Emily Minchow, Tiffany Groteluschen, Esmeralda Vazquez, Nathan Anderson 

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Group 3: Araceli Velasco, Emily Minchow, Tiffany Groteluschen, Esmeralda Vazquez, Nathan Anderson 

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Part 1: Heinberg Pages 160-162

Thing 1:

Substituting gasoline (petroleum) with batteries offers less utility and is less economically efficient; those are largely the reasons we aren’t all driving electric cars already.

Thing 2:

Material substitution has become a research and development focus in many industries; in most cases substitutes will be inferior, and require more energy to produce, than those they are replacing.

Thing 3:

If less efficient substitutes must replace oil--which largely drives the economy--the result will be a reduction in society’s ability to achieve economic growth. A 2 percent reduction of oil production may shrink US GDP by 3 to 4 percent.

PART 2: What we learned from other groups

Thing 1: From Group 12

It appears that if new technology and investments aren’t made to infrastructure, things like city water and sewer systems, and the world’s global position system (GPS) will be “headed for disaster.”

Thing 2: From Group 14

With fossil fuel shortages, prices will skyrocket making travel only available for the wealthy. This also means long distance travel will become rare.

Thing 3: From Group 9

Because humans have been inventing new things for so long, it appears we have gotten to a point where new activities and inventions will be rarities. Instead we will see improvements upon what we already have, in attempts to make them faster and cheaper.

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Group 15: Julia Mitchell, Tiana Terrell, Jessica Fetrow, Ashley Stoa

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Group 15: Julia Mitchell, Tiana Terrell, Jessica Fetrow, Ashley Stoa

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Pages 186-187
Just as economic growth is not infinite, technological growth is not infinite. Because we have limited resources, our technological needs and advances will be linked to our declining resources.
Resource substitution cannot go on forever because eventually, the things you substitute will run out as well. We can't treat resources like they are infinite, no matter how much we want them to be.
Many of our technological advances as a society have mechanized or simplified things that we already did. Technology has made many things cheaper and easier, but doesn't solve all of the problems and is not magic.
Things we learned from other groups
Group 14 did an excellent job of summarizing their information from pages 184-185. It's very interesting to look at the effects on traveling as well as geographical adaptions that will change as fossil fuels continue to dwindle. Traveling abroad will become unlikely as well as travel by driving due to the lack of oil which will cause prices to sky rocket. When our own communities and countries run out of our own fossil fuels we will have to resort to global trade and transportation which will put us in the hands of a market where prices will rise.
The information that group 3 gave was very interesting. We didn't realize that substituting gasoline for batteries offers less utility and is less economically efficient.  People talk about battery-powered cars and how they are going to be more economically efficient but with this information, we now know that petroleum is the best option. It also seems like a replacement for oil is a bad idea based of the information that group 3 gave. Replacing oil not only reduces the GDP but it will also impact that thousands of people that are working in the oil industry.

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Group 2: Cierra Waller,Camille Quinn,Brittinee, kelli, Angelica Nimmich 

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Group 2: Cierra Waller,Camille Quinn,Brittinee, kelli, Angelica Nimmich 

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Cierra(items from the reading )
Pages 158-159
1.After reading the pages we can say that we learned that "with biofuels we are trying to inherently difficult" We are basically trying to take the course of what nature has already given us naturally and transform it when it does not need to be changed.
2. That as petroleum grows scarce and the market for it shoots up making it more expensive we will have to find it  important to have more alternative fuels avaliable, even if those too are expensive themselves in price and energy.
Camille Quin
1.One thing we learned was that regardless of whether electric cars are more efficient or cheaper, they have failed time and time again to compete with gasoline and diesel-powered cars.

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Group 10: Taryn Betka, Lydia Cotton, Shelby Stogner, and Erika DelaCastro 

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Group 10: Taryn Betka, Lydia Cotton, Shelby Stogner, and Erika DelaCastro 

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Taryn (items from reading) 176-177
1. Further product improvements (technology, communication, transportation) will be driven almost solely by aesthetic considerations identified by advertisers and marketers rather than by improvements achieved by engineers or inventors.
2. According to technology boosters, if the same innovative acumen that has led to Moore's Law were applied to solving our energy, water, climate, and food problems, these problems would disappear in short order.

Lydia (items from reading) 176-177
1.The idea that technology will continue to improve dramatically is often supported by reference to Moore's law.
2. We will likely never reach zero in terms of time and cost, but we know the closer we get to zero time and cost, the higher the cost of the next improvement and the lower the value of the next improvement will be.

Shelby (items from other groups)
1. I learned from group 3 that material substitutions will end up costing more and will require more energy.
2. I learned from group 4 that homeownership rates are increasing, however the housing market is slightly decreasing due to foreclosures and the expenses of moving or buying something new.
3. I learned from group 15 that even resources that we use for substitution will eventually run out as well and that no resource is infinite.

Erika (items from other groups)
1. I learned from group 6 that even though the U.S. is becoming more energy efficient, it will crash eventually because it is caused by high credit bubbles - and like we learned in class, those bubbles will burst eventually.
2. I learned from group 11 that it would be really beneficial for us to switch to a personal transit system instead of our cars, and that energy performance needs to be increased.
3. I learned from group 9 that we aren't able to make any "genuinely new" inventions. Inventions now days just focus on making current products faster, smarter, and all around better.

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Group 4: Charissa Shotkoski, Bethany Barone, Kacy Bartels, Aubrey Linz, and Paige Lyons

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Group 4: Charissa Shotkoski, Bethany Barone, Kacy Bartels, Aubrey Linz, and Paige Lyons

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1. Aubrey - While there has been controversy and debate about the historic economic growth and increased energy consumption, some analysts argue that the correlation is not that close.  Energy consumption and economic growth can become more independent of each other if we increase the efficiency with which energy is used.  Economic growth can be achieved using less energy and through using energy efficiently.

2. Bethany - Electricity is one of the most convenient uses of energy and also relatively expensive.  Even though the cost of electricity is high, its versatility (wall outlets, operates many household appliances, etc) gives us more out of each Btu expended.

3. Charissa - Homeownership rates are more widespread, meaning that families can't afford to move around.  This could be due to single parent families, a spouse who got laid off, or simply a family who just cannot afford more.  With homeownership rates so high, it has caused the housing market to go into a slight downfall, due to foreclosures and families not being able to afford to move or buy something new.

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Summary of Heinberg Chap. 4, pages 184-85 

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Summary of Heinberg Chap. 4, pages 184-85 

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Group 14: Sarah Vonasek, Mattie Wilkinson, Kim Wear, and Cassie McClure

Page 184:

Soon, travel will be only for the privileged. Fossil fuels will make the prices rise so much that it will cost too much for average people to travel. Travelling overseas will be very unlikely and even driving long distances will become less and less likely. Most people won’t be travelling at all since the prices will be way too high since fossil fuels are running out.

Page 185:

There will be triple digit oil prices that will change the economic geography as well. Specialized workers may face hardship when adapting to the necessities of the post-growth world. Communities’ dependence on global trade and transportation will leave them susceptible to rising prices in common goods and products.

Eventually people will need to rely more on local resources and have to be able to adapt to a wider range of skills. In summation, the recent globalization trends of rapidly growing industries will not be able to be sustained forever.

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Group 12-  Tessa Kurtenbach, Elizabeth Campbell, Jessica Colligan, Katherine Wanek, Lexi Volcek

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Group 12-  Tessa Kurtenbach, Elizabeth Campbell, Jessica Colligan, Katherine Wanek, Lexi Volcek

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Main points from pages 180-181
1.  According to the executive director of the National Association of Clean Water Agencies, more than 1,000 aging water and sewer systems around the US need urgent updates. If these projects arent undertaken now, the ability of many cities to supply drinking water in the years ahead will be threatened.

2. The world’s global positioning system (GPS) is headed for disaster, which goes to prove that we have failed to innovate new technology to maintain the decaying infrastructure. The US government Accountability Office (GAO) published that the GPS satellites need new technology and investments in order to maintain accuracy. They will soon begin to decline if no new investments are made.

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Group 7- Shannon Shearer, Audrey, Lindsey, Mackenzie, and Sophie Chleborad

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Group 7- Shannon Shearer, Audrey, Lindsey, Mackenzie, and Sophie Chleborad

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Main Points from Pages 170-171
1. Although increased energy efficiency is a worthy goal- in reality we do not end up using less energy. It only makes energy cheaper, which in return allows more people to be able to afford to use more of it.
2. Energy efficiency can save money and create new businesses and industries, however the potential for both savings and economic development is limited. Energy efficiency requires investment, and at some point it will reach a point of diminishing returns.
3. At the same time, it's important to have a realistic understanding of efficiency's limits. Just as there are limits to resources, there are also limits to efficiency.

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Group 8: Desirae Hakel, Andrea Madera, Chloe Bontrager, Isabel Aguilar and Kayla Morgan

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Group 8: Desirae Hakel, Andrea Madera, Chloe Bontrager, Isabel Aguilar and Kayla Morgan

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Learnings from other groups:
1) From Group 1: Technology has always been perceived as a progressive tool to further the economy. But once you take into account how much energy is needed for this technology you realize it isn't as progressive as is thought.
2) From Group 6: Though statistics seem to show that the US is becoming more energy efficient as a nation, this efficiency is due to expanding credit bubbles and as a result does not have much of a future because bubbles burst
3) The slowest moving technologies are the ones in which the functioning of our civilization depends on.

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Group 6: Abigail Cerveny, Bri Mebane, Macy Woitzel, Lizzy Kuehl

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Group 6: Abigail Cerveny, Bri Mebane, Macy Woitzel, Lizzy Kuehl

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Page 168-169 Interesting Points
1. One factor that helps explain historic US "decoupling of GDP growth from growth in energy consumption is the "financialization" of the  economy.
2. Though statistics seem to show that the US is becoming more energy efficient as a nation, this efficiency is due to expanding credit bubbles and as a result does not have much of a future because bubbles burst.
3. Recent research by Charles Hall and David Murphy at the State University of New York at Syracuse show that high oil prices have been strongly correlated with recessions and low oil prices with economic expansion.

Other group comments:
Comment on Group 11: After reading this group's comments, we learned that automobiles use 3,496 volumes of energy per passenger mile. If personal efficacy systems for transportation were used, we would attain an energy efficacy of 839 volumes.  We are interested to see how the world begins to use personal efficacy systems for transportation as concern for automobile efficiency grows.
Comment on Group 8: Through their reading, we learned that the 150 l/w light is more efficient than a traditional lumen light-bulb. With this being said, it would be beneficial to replace more traditional light-bulbs with this 150 l/w. It would be interesting to learn what the manufacturing price of these bulbs were compared to the traditional lumens.

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Group 1: Allie Puatu, Carolyn Radil, Allison Redwine, Aline Muragizi and Tiffaney Gilbertson

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Group 1: Allie Puatu, Carolyn Radil, Allison Redwine, Aline Muragizi and Tiffaney Gilbertson

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What we learned from the reading:
Allie: Technology has always been perceived as a progressive tool to further the economy.  But once you take into account how much energy is needed for this technology you realize it isn't as progressive as is thought. - pg. 155
Carolyn: New technologies will continue to be made and people will think of new ways to work with less with how the environment is running.  Efficiency, substitution and innovation are key factors in adapting to resource limits. - pg. 156
Allison: Economic theory is adamant on the point: as a resource beginners scarce, its price will rise until som other resource that can serve the same need beginners cheaper by comparison.  That the replacement will prove superior is not required by theory. - pg. 157

What we learned from other groups:
Aline: Group 8 raised a good point by saying that the energy efficiency will look different in a resource constrained economy compared to a wealthy economy, going from having invested in these highly efficient support systems.  America could improve its transportation energy efficiency dramatically by investing in a robust electrified rail system connecting every city in the nation.
Tiffaney: Group 9 commented that business are becoming more automated but product development isn't moving forward so businesses that are "saving money" with automated production aren't really making any profit because what they are selling is having to be sold at a cheaper cost to be more competitive.  Automated production made me think about a discussion we had early in the semester about going through automatic checkout lines and how that has reduced jobs which is saving retailers money by not having to hire many employee.

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Group 8: Desirae Hakel, Andrea Madera, Chloe Bontrager, Isabel Aguilar and Kayla Morgan

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Group 8: Desirae Hakel, Andrea Madera, Chloe Bontrager, Isabel Aguilar and Kayla Morgan

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--Desirae's learnings from readings (172-173)
1) LED lights currently under development should deliver about 150 l/w, which is twice the current efficiency of CFLs
2) The theoretical maximum efficiency for producing white light from electricity is about 300 lumens per Watt
3) Energy efficiency will look different in a resource constrained economy compared to a wealthy economy

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Group 11: Mackenzie Burnham, Sonia Clark, Alexis David, Kourtney Noble

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Group 11: Mackenzie Burnham, Sonia Clark, Alexis David, Kourtney Noble

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1.) Mackenzie (items learned from reading):
-If we were to use Personal Transit Systems (PTS) for transportation we would attain an energy efficacy of 839 volumes of energy per passenger mile compared to an automobile that uses 3,496 per passenger mile.
-If energy and transportation had increased its performance like the typical consumer-grade personal computer, we would be buying cars for $750 that get 2000 miles per gallon.
-The slowest moving technologies are the ones in which the functioning of our civilization depends on.
Kourtney (items learned from reading):
-Over the last couple of decades, computers have become much faster, hold more data and have dropped in price. Unfortunately the same advances have not happened in the areas of energy and transportation.
-The elements used to make computers are often small and getting smaller. Making new cars still requires the same materials (like steel).

2.) Sonia (items from other groups):
-the theoretical maximum efficiency for producing white light from electricity is about 300 lumens per watt (group 9)
-with the shortage of fossil fuel, prices will rise dramatically and make travel only available to the wealthy. (group 14)
Alexis (item from other groups):
-as petroleum grows scarce and the market for it shots up making it more expensive we will have to find it important to have more alternative fuels available, even if those are expensive too in price and energy (group 20)
-according to technology boosters, if the same innovative acumen that has led to Moore’s Law were applied to solving our energy, water, climate, and food problems, these problems would disappear in short order (group 10)

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1)  Each Group will POST 2-3 items they have learned from the assigned reading pages (Heinberg/Chapter 4)
2)  Each Group will POST 2-3 items they have learned from other Groups.
3)  There will be a total of 5 Postings per Group (unless you are a 4 person group). Postings cannot repeat each other.
**Please include Group # and Names at the TOP**
Assigned Reading Pages:
Group 1 - Pages 155/156/157
Group 2 - Pages 158/159
Group 3 - Pages 160/161/162
Group 4 - Pages 163/164/165
Group 5 - Pages 166/167
Group 6 - Pages 168/169
Group 7 - Pages 170/171
Group 8 - Pages 172/173
Group 9 - Pages 174/175
Group 10 - Pages 176/177
Group 11 - Pages 178/179
Group 12 - Pages 180/181
Group 13 - Pages 182/183
Group 14 - Pages 184/185
Group 15 - Pages 186/187