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Was an american scientist who discovered the electrical charge of an electron in 1908. To prove his theory he did the "oil-drop" experiment, he was able to learn the electron charge by using the know mass-charge ratio. He calculated the mass of one electron (9.11x20^28g).
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Explanation of Millikan's Oil Drop experiment by the help of 3d animation

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Was an french scientist in 1777 who made the equation for the Law of Conservation of Matter (mass can not be destroyed nor created), which he proved by many experiment, however, he predicted it with a Enlightenment investigators. He also provided the the distinguish factors between an elements and a compounds. They can be distinguished by certain physical properties.
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The Quantum Theory of the Atom (1800-2000) has been a long-debated rapidly changing theorem with many predecessors.  The theory draws its roots to a scientist by the name of Max Planck (1858-1947) who discovered energy is a continuous wave-like phenomenon. His theory said that radiant energy was made up of particle-like units. Soon other scientists such as Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrodinger, and Paul M. Dirac, would contribute to the idea, leading to the model below. The Quantum Theory of the Atom revolves around the idea you have no idea where an electron is at a specific point in time. As well that the electrons move randomly around the neutron within clouds.

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James Chadwick (1891-1974) graduated Honours School of Physics in 1911 and later entered WWI in which he returned in 1919. After returning home, he moved to Cambridge and studied under Rutherford. By 1932, Chadwick founded the Neutron in contrast to the helium nuclei for Rutherford's alpha rays. The neutron was found to overcome any electrical barrier and splitting the nuclei of the heaviest elements. His work contributed to the created of the atomic bomb when he split Uranium 235 with a neutron.

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Niels Henrik David Bohr Orbital Structure of the Atom

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Niels Henrik David Bohr Orbital Structure of the Atom

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Niels Bohr (1885-1962) was a renowned Physicist by the time he met J.J. Thomson at Cambridge. He then went to work at Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester in which he lived a very scientific lifestyle. He would later be known for creating the orbital structure of the electron in 1913 beside Rutherford. He as well believed that all nucleus's were positively charged.

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Rutherford's Theory of the Structure of the Atom

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Rutherford's Theory of the Structure of the Atom

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Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a research student under J.J. Thompson at Trinity College, Cambridge. While playing around the Alpha rays by shooting alpha particles at a gold foil, he discovered the inner structure of the atom, or the nucleus, his greatest contribution to science. He would later lead a successful career in Science during which he met Niels Bohr, the creator of the orbital structure for atoms.

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 J.J. Thomson's Plum pudding theory of the atom

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 J.J. Thomson's Plum pudding theory of the atom

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(from the notes)
In 1897, Thomson introduced the idea that an atom is actual made up of even smaller particles. His experiment was based on the study of an electrical current through a gas. The gas gave off a negatively charged particles. This experiment allowed him to conclude that the negative charge came from the atom, since the gas had no charge. It was now confirmed that there were smaller particles than the atom itself. Also the atom was divisible and filled with corpuscles (electrons), he also hypothesis there were positive charge atoms. He then proposed the Plum Pudding Model; atoms were made with positively charged particles with electrons scatter around.

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The Plum Pudding Atomic Model, J.J. Thomson and the Electron

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(From the Notes)
In the 1800's John Dalton, an English chemist, rediscovered the theory of atoms made by Democritus: matter is made up of atoms. His discovering was made by many experiments that he performed. He continues to state that: atoms are indivisible and indestructible, atoms have the same element, and compounds are formed by combing two or more atoms.

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Dalton's Atomic Theory | #aumsum #kids #science #education #children

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(From the Notes)
Democritus was a Greek Philosopher. Who around 2,400 years ago first stated that matter is made up of Atomos (atoms). He also concluded that atoms were indivisible and made up of the same particles; however, they had different shape and sizes, and were infinite. But, his theory was ignored because there were no experiment to prove his theory. Instead Aristotle idea was widely accepted; that matter was composed of earth, fire, air, and water.
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