# data[].attributes.body
The Hanbali school of law was established by Ahmad b. Hanbal (d.855). He studied law under different masters, including Imam Shafi'i (the founder of his own school). He is regarded as more learned in the traditions than in jurisprudence. His status also derives from his collection and exposition of the hadiths. His major contribution to Islamic scholarship is a collection of fifty-thousand traditions known as 'Musnadul-Imam Hanbal'.

In spite of the importance of Hanbal's work his school did not enjoy the popularity of the three preceding Sunni schools of law. Hanbal's followers were regarded as reactionary and troublesome on account of their reluctance to give personal opinion on matters of law, their rejection of analogy, their fanatic intolerance of views other than their own, and their exclusion of opponents from power and judicial office. Their unpopularity led to periodic bouts of persecution against them.

The later history of the school has been characterised by fluctuations in their fortunes. Hanbali scholars such as Ibn Taymiyya (d.1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jouzia (d.1350), did display more tolerance to other views than their predecessors and were instrumental in making the teachings of Hanbali more generally accessible.

From time to time Hanbaliyyah became an active and numerically strong school in certain areas under the jurisdiction of the 'Abbassid Caliphate. But its importance gradually declined under the Ottoman Turks. The emergence of the Wahabi in the nineteenth century and its challenge to Ottoman authority enabled Hanbaliyyah to enjoy a period of revival. Today the school is officially recognised as authoritative in Saudi Arabia and areas within the Persian Gulf.

# data[].attributes.body
'}
Ashar

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Did Allah Say Anything About Alien In Quran ???? ~ Dr Zakir Naik

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Interesting talk by Dr. Zakir Naik about Quran, Aliens and future of Science and Quran in response to Questioner's Question. Dr Zakir Naik mentioned the verse of the holy Quran which is related with Earth is not a unique planet. Other planets like Earth do exist throughout the universe.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgPbuJAMYiw

# data[].attributes.headline
Imam Abu Haneefa was a successful merchant and in his mu’amilaat (commercial transactions) demonstrated a fastidious adherence to the principles of the Shari’ah. It is related that once the Imam gave a loan to a man to build a house. The next year, on a hot summer day, as the Imam was walking through the streets of Kufa, he felt tired and paused briefly in the shade of a house. When he enquired whose house it was, he was told that the house belonged to the man whom the Imam had given the loan. The Imam was terrified that he had taken an Idhafa (an increase) in the loan by taking advantage of the shade of the house and on the Judgment Day he would have to answer for his deeds because the act of taking refuge in the shade of a house for which he had given a loan might be construed as riba. Distraught, Imam Abu Haneefa forgave the loan.

# data[].attributes.subject
Imam Abu Haneefa was a successful merchant and in his mu’amilaat (commercial transactions) demonstrated a fastidious adherence to the principles of the Shari’ah. It is related that once the Imam gave a loan to a man to build a house. The next year, on a hot summer day, as the Imam was walking through the streets of Kufa, he felt tired and paused briefly in the shade of a house. When he enquired whose house it was, he was told that the house belonged to the man whom the Imam had given the loan. The Imam was terrified that he had taken an Idhafa (an increase) in the loan by taking advantage of the shade of the house and on the Judgment Day he would have to answer for his deeds because the act of taking refuge in the shade of a house for which he had given a loan might be construed as riba. Distraught, Imam Abu Haneefa forgave the loan.

# data[].attributes.headline
Imām Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul, Afghanistan, was 40 years old at the time of Abū Ḥanīfah’s birth.His ancestry is generally accepted as being of non-Arab origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah). The historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, records a statement from Imām Abū Ḥanīfah’s grandson, Ismail bin Hammad, who gave Abū Ḥanīfah’s lineage as Thabit bin Numan bin Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin.Imām Abū Ḥanifa was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the Sahaba of Muhammad, some of whom lived on until Abū Ḥanīfah’s youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad’s personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abū Ḥanīfah was 20 years old.However the author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of the Sahaba whom it is reported that the Imam has transmitted hadith from. He counted them as sixteen of the Sahaba. They are: Anas ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Anis al-Juhani, Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz’ al-Zabidi, Jabir ibn Abdullah, Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, Wa’ila ibn al-Asqa`, Ma`qal ibn Yasar, Abu Tufail `Amir ibn Wa’ila, `A’isha bint Hajrad, Sahl ibn Sa`d, al-Tha’ib ibn Khallad ibn Suwaid, al-Tha’ib ibn Yazid ibn Sa`id, Abdullah ibn Samra, Mahmud ibn al-Rabi`, Abdullah ibn Ja`far, and Abu Umama.

# data[].attributes.subject
Imām Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul, Afghanistan, was 40 years old at the time of Abū Ḥanīfah’s birth.His ancestry is generally accepted as being of non-Arab origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah). The historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, records a statement from Imām Abū Ḥanīfah’s grandson, Ismail bin Hammad, who gave Abū Ḥanīfah’s lineage as Thabit bin Numan bin Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin.Imām Abū Ḥanifa was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the Sahaba of Muhammad, some of whom lived on until Abū Ḥanīfah’s youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad’s personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abū Ḥanīfah was 20 years old.However the author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of the Sahaba whom it is reported that the Imam has transmitted hadith from. He counted them as sixteen of the Sahaba. They are: Anas ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Anis al-Juhani, Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz’ al-Zabidi, Jabir ibn Abdullah, Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, Wa’ila ibn al-Asqa`, Ma`qal ibn Yasar, Abu Tufail `Amir ibn Wa’ila, `A’isha bint Hajrad, Sahl ibn Sa`d, al-Tha’ib ibn Khallad ibn Suwaid, al-Tha’ib ibn Yazid ibn Sa`id, Abdullah ibn Samra, Mahmud ibn al-Rabi`, Abdullah ibn Ja`far, and Abu Umama.

# data[].attributes.body
He was considered one of the greatest jurists of Islamic Civilisation and one of the major legal philosophers of the entire human race

# data[].attributes.headline
mam Abu Haneefa was one of the greatest of the mujtahideen.  He was also a great city planner, responsible for the planning of the city of Baghdad when it was founded by the Caliph al Mansur in 765 CE. Abu Hanifa was a mathematician of the first magnitude.  He was aware of the concepts of specific density and specific volume and implemented them in practice. As a philosopher, his work anticipated the Hegelian dialectic by more than a thousand years. The Hegelian dialectic (named after Hegel the German philosopher of the 17th century) is one of the basic principles of Western philosophy.  Its premise is that a higher collective truth emerges when multiple individual truths compete. Abu Hanifa was no hermit, or a pure academician, cloistering himself in a monastery or a mosque. He was a rich man, a successful merchant, a wonderful human being who lived among common folk with the zest and enthusiasm of a believer and contributed to the life of the community that he was a part of.The Tigris River kisses the tomb of this mujtahid as it meanders through the now battered city of Baghdad. Located approximately six kilometers from the city center, the mosque of Abu Haneefa complex spreads out in the district of Al A’zamiyah which is named after him. It attracts pilgrims from Turkey, Bosnia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India , Bangladesh, indeed from all over the Islamic world. The cemetery is old. During the Abbasid period (751 to 1258 CE) it was called Maqbaratul Khaysarun, named after the mother of the famed Caliph Harun al Rashid (763-809CE). It has the tombs of many of the Abbasid Caliphs and dignitaries.Gazing at the Abu Haneefa mosque from across the Tigris River on the west bank is the tomb of another great savant, Imam Musa al Kazim. The district is named after him and is called Al Kazimiyah. Musa al Kazim (745-799CE) was the seventh imam in the lineage of ahl-e-bait in the Ithna Ashari Shia tradition. The Tigris River divides the two tombs and in a wistful simile symbolizes the Shia-Sunni divide that runs through Islamic history as does the river Tigris through the divided city of Baghdad. It is said among the believers on both sides that the two great scholars, Imam Abu Haneefa and Imam Musa al Kazim talk to each other in the early hours of the morning bemoaning the Shia-Sunni fitna that has engulfed Baghdad and urging the believers to build a bridge. Indeed, a bridge was built connecting the two mosques early in the twentieth century. The Shias and the Sunnis could not agree whether to call it the al-A’azamiyah bridge or the al Kazimiyah bridge. Therefore, a compromise was reached and it was simply called Burj al Imamiyah (the Bridge of the Imams).

# data[].attributes.subject
mam Abu Haneefa was one of the greatest of the mujtahideen.  He was also a great city planner, responsible for the planning of the city of Baghdad when it was founded by the Caliph al Mansur in 765 CE. Abu Hanifa was a mathematician of the first magnitude.  He was aware of the concepts of specific density and specific volume and implemented them in practice. As a philosopher, his work anticipated the Hegelian dialectic by more than a thousand years. The Hegelian dialectic (named after Hegel the German philosopher of the 17th century) is one of the basic principles of Western philosophy.  Its premise is that a higher collective truth emerges when multiple individual truths compete. Abu Hanifa was no hermit, or a pure academician, cloistering himself in a monastery or a mosque. He was a rich man, a successful merchant, a wonderful human being who lived among common folk with the zest and enthusiasm of a believer and contributed to the life of the community that he was a part of.The Tigris River kisses the tomb of this mujtahid as it meanders through the now battered city of Baghdad. Located approximately six kilometers from the city center, the mosque of Abu Haneefa complex spreads out in the district of Al A’zamiyah which is named after him. It attracts pilgrims from Turkey, Bosnia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India , Bangladesh, indeed from all over the Islamic world. The cemetery is old. During the Abbasid period (751 to 1258 CE) it was called Maqbaratul Khaysarun, named after the mother of the famed Caliph Harun al Rashid (763-809CE). It has the tombs of many of the Abbasid Caliphs and dignitaries.Gazing at the Abu Haneefa mosque from across the Tigris River on the west bank is the tomb of another great savant, Imam Musa al Kazim. The district is named after him and is called Al Kazimiyah. Musa al Kazim (745-799CE) was the seventh imam in the lineage of ahl-e-bait in the Ithna Ashari Shia tradition. The Tigris River divides the two tombs and in a wistful simile symbolizes the Shia-Sunni divide that runs through Islamic history as does the river Tigris through the divided city of Baghdad. It is said among the believers on both sides that the two great scholars, Imam Abu Haneefa and Imam Musa al Kazim talk to each other in the early hours of the morning bemoaning the Shia-Sunni fitna that has engulfed Baghdad and urging the believers to build a bridge. Indeed, a bridge was built connecting the two mosques early in the twentieth century. The Shias and the Sunnis could not agree whether to call it the al-A’azamiyah bridge or the al Kazimiyah bridge. Therefore, a compromise was reached and it was simply called Burj al Imamiyah (the Bridge of the Imams).

# data[].attributes.body
Shafi΄i school of thought was headed by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi΄i who lived from 150H to 198H. Imam Shafi΄i was born in Hijaz and his school of thought emerged in Egypt.

# data[].attributes.body
islam

North Africa

Algeria

Emir Abdelkader (1808-1883)

Abdelhamid Ben Badis (1889–1940)

Mohammed Arkoun (1928–2010)

Malek Bennabi (1905-1973)

Egypt

Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad (1927–1988)

Abd al-Hamid Kishk (1933–1996)

Abdel-Halim Mahmoud (1910–1978)

Ahmad Muhammad Shakir (1892–1956)

Ahmed el-Tayeb

Aisha Abd al-Rahman (1913–1998)

Ali Gomaa (born 1952)

Hassan al-Banna (1906–1949)

Mahmud Shaltut (1893–1963)

Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy (1928–2010)

Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy (1911–1998)

Mohammed al-Ghazali (1917–1996)

Safwat al-Shwadify (1945–2000)

Salâh Ud Dîn At Tijânî (born 1958)

Sayyid Qutb (1906–1966)

Yusuf al-Qaradawi (born 1926)

Morocco

Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali (born 1893)

Abdessalam Yassine (1928–2012)

Sub-Saharan Africa

Ghana

Yusuf Soalih Ajura (1890–2004)

Mauritania

Abdallah Bin Bayyah (born 1935)

Zimbabwe

Ismail ibn Musa Menk

Asia

Middle East

Iraq
Kamal alHaydari (born 1956), Iraq

Jordan

Umar Sulayman al-Ashqar (1930–2012)

Kuwait

Mishari Rashid Al-Afasy (born 1976)

Lebanon[edit]

Sobhi Mahmassani (1909–1986)

Abdullah al-Harari (1910–2008)

Palestine[edit]

Taqiuddin al-Nabhani (1909–1977)

Saudi Arabia[edit]

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792)

Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz (1910–1999)

Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen (1925–2001)

Muhammad Al-Munajid (born 1960)

Saleh Al-Fawzan (born 1933)

Abdur-Rahman al-Mu'allimee al-Yamani (1894–1966)

Muhammad Muhsin Khan (born 1927)

Abdullah ibn Abdulrahman ibn Jibreen (1933–2009)

Abdul-Azeez ibn Abdullaah Aal ash-Shaikh (born 1943)

Aaidh ibn Abdullah al-Qarni (born 1960)

Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais (born 1960)

Saud Al-Shuraim (born 1964)

Salman al-Ouda (born 1955)

Rabee al-Madkhali (Born 1931)

Syria[edit]

Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)

Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi (1849–1902)

Rashid Rida (1865–1935)

Muhammad al-Yaqoubi

Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy

Ibn Kathir (1300-1373)

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350)

Al-Dhahabi (1274–1348)

Turkey[edit]

İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Hoca (1875–1926)

Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (1878–1942)

Said Nursî (1878–1960)

Fethullah Gülen (born 1941)

Ekrem Buğra Ekinci (born 1966)

United Arab Emirates[edit]

Habib Ali al-Jifri (born 1971)

Yemen[edit]

Abdul Majeed al-Zindani (born 1942)

Habib Umar bin Hafiz (born 1963)

Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i (1933–2001)

South Asia[edit]

Bangladesh[edit]

Azizul Haque (1919–2012)

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (1880–1976)

Abdur Rahman (1925)

Abdur Rahim (1918–1987)

Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib (1948-Present)

India[edit]

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856-1921)

Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954)

Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)

Kanthapuram A.P. Aboobacker Musliyar Kerala (born 1939)

Ali Kutty Musliyar Kerala (born 1945)

Arshadul Qaudri (1925–2002)

Asghar Ali Engineer (1939–2013)

Bahauddeen Muhammed Nadwi

Hashim Amir Ali (1903–1987)

Husain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)

Jalaluddin Umri (born 1935)

Kalambadi Muhammad Musliyar (1935–2012)

Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983)

Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi (1833–1880)

Mirza Abul Fazl (1865–1956)

Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi (1885–1944)

Muhammad Hamidullah (1908–2002) exiled in Paris

Muhammad Fazal Khan Changwi (1868–1938)

Qamaruzzaman Azmi (born 1946)

Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996)

Rafique Zakaria (1920–2005)

Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003)

Shah Syed Hasnain Baqai

Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)

Saniyasnain Khan (born 1959)

Syed Ali Akhtar Rizvi (1948–2002)

Syed Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999)

Syed Aqeel-ul-Gharavi (born 1964)

Syed Qazi Muzainul Haq (1937–2013)

Syed Mohsin Nawab Rizvi (1911–1969)

Sayyid Abdurrahman Albukhari (1920–2014)

Wahiduddin Khan (born 1925)

Syed Waheed Ashraf

Pakistan[edit]

Ashraf Asif Jalali

Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)

Farhat Hashmi (born 1957)

Ghulam Ahmed Pervez (1903-1985)

Hamid Saeed Kazmi

Israr Ahmed (1932–2010)

Javed Ahmad Ghamidi (born 1952)

Kaukab Noorani Okarvi

Khalid Masud (1935–2003)

Khurshid Ahmad (born 1932)

Meher Ali Shah (1856–1937)

Muhammad Tahir (born 1962)

Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri (born 1951)

Muhammad Taqi Usmani

Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938)

Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1911–1970)

Naseer Ahmad Nasir (1910–2000)

Muhammad Ilyas Qadri (born 1950)

Muhammad Akmal

Muzaffar Shah Qadri

Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009)

Shah Turab ul Haq

Shabir Ahmed Usmani

Shakil Auj (1960-2014)

Syed Riaz Hussain Shah

Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993)

Syed Abul Ala Maududi (1903-1979)

Talib Jauhari

Tariq Jameel (born 1953)

Yousuf Ludhianvi (1932–2000)

Zafar Ishaq Ansari (born 1932)

Zar Wali Khan

Zubair Ali Zai (1957–2013

Southeast Asia[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

Abdurrahman Wahid (1940-2009)

Ahmad Khatib (1860-1916)

Ahmad Surkati (1875-1943)

Fakih Usman (1904-1968)

Hamka (1908-1981)

Ilyas Ruhiat (1934-2007)

Maria Ulfah (1955-present)

Mas Mansoer (1896-1946)

Mohammad Natsir (1908-1993)

Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto (1882-1934)

Siti Noordjannah Djohantini (1958-present)

Zuhairi Misrawi (1977-present)

Malaysia[edit]

Abdul Hadi Awang (born 1947)

Imran N. Hosein (born 1942)

Asri Zainul Abidin (born 1971)

Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (1931–2015)

Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas

Singapore[edit]

Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954)

Central Asia[edit]

Uzbekistan[edit]

Muhammad Sadik Muhammad Yusuf (1952–2015)

East Asia[edit]

China[edit]

Muhammad Ma Jian (1906–1978) China

Europe[edit]

Eastern Europe[edit]

Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani (1914–1999) Albania

Abdul Qader Arnaoot (1928–2004) Yugoslavia

Mustafa Ceric (born 1952) Bosnia and Herzegovina

Western Europe[edit]

Austria[edit]

Adnan Ibrahim (born 1966) Vienna, Austria

Muhammad Asad (1900–1992) Germany

Great Britain[edit]

Abdul Qayum (born 1960) London, United Kingdom

Mahmudul Hasan (born 1978)

Haitham al-Haddad (born 1971) London, United Kingdom

Abdur Rahman Madani (born 1971) London, United Kingdom

Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq Leicester, United Kingdom

Timothy Winter (born 1960) London, United Kingdom

Joel Hayward (born 1964) London, United Kingdom

Khurshid Ahmad (scholar) (born 1932) Leicester, United Kingdom

Mohammad Akram Nadwi (born 1964) Oxford, United Kingdom

Abu Sayed Ansary (born 1978) London, United Kingdom

Ahmed Babikir London, United Kingdom

Ajmal Masroor (born 1971) London, United Kingdom

Ibrahim Mogra (born 1965) Leicester, United Kingdom

Yusuf Motala (born 1946) Lancashire, United Kingdom

Marmaduke Pickthall (1875–1936) Surrey, United Kingdom

Abu Eesa Niamatullah London, United Kingdom

Kamal Uddin (born 1984) Manchester, United Kingdom

Zakaria Badat (born 1968) Leicester, United Kingdom

Muhammad Abdul Bari (born 1953) London, United Kingdom

Martin Lings (1909–2005) Kent, United Kingdom

Abu-Abdullah Adelabu London, United Kingdom

Muhammad Imdad Hussain Pirzada (born 1946) Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom

Martin Lings (1909–2005) Manchester, United Kingdom

Umar Al-Qadri (born 1982) Dublin, Ireland

Sweden[edit]

Ivan Aguéli (1869–1917) Sweden

Switzerland[edit]

Frithjof Schuon (1907–1998) Switzerland

Tariq Ramadan (born 1962) Geneva, Switzerland

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

Faraz Rabbani, Ontario, Canada

Ingrid Mattson (born 1963), Ontario, Canada

Jamal Badawi, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Bilal Philips, Jamaica & Toronto, Canada

Ahmad Kutty (born 1946), Toronto, Canada (originally from Kerala, India)

Kecia Ali, University of Boston

United States[edit]

Zaid Shakir (born 1956) California, USA

Khaled Abou El Fadl California, USA

Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi Houston, USA

Fazlur Rahman (1919–1988) Chicago, USA

Hamid Algar (born 1940) Berkeley, USA

Jonathan A.C. Brown (born 1977) Washington DC, USA

Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh (born 1945) Virginia, USA

Ovamir Anjum Ohio, USA

Anwar al-Alwaki (1971–2011) New Mexico, USA

Hamza Yusuf (born 1958) California, USA

Hassan Hathout (1924–2009)

Warith Deen Mohammed (1933–2008) Illinois, USA

Faisal Kutty

Louay Safi (born 1955)

Muqtedar Khan (born 1966) Delaware, USA

Omar Khalidi (1953–2010)

Muzammil H. Siddiqi (born 1943)

Omid Safi North Carolina, USA

Seyyed Hossein Nasr (born 1933)

Amir Hussain Born in Lahore, Pakistan, raised in Toronto, Canada, living in Los Angeles

Sherman Jackson California, USA

Mohammad Hassan Khalil Michigan, USA

Intisar Rabb

Suhaib Webb (born 1972) Oklahoma, USA

Wael Hallaq (born 1955) New York City, USA (originally from Palestine)

Asifa Quraishi

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

Shady Alsuleiman (born 1978)-Sydney, Australia

Mohammed Omran-Established Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah Association (ASWJA), the leading Salafi organisation in Australia.

Taj El-Din Hilaly (born 1941)-Former Grand Mufti of Australia (1992-2007)

Fehmi Naji (1928-2016)-Former Grand Mufti of Australia (2007-2011)

Ibrahim Abu Mohamed-Current Grand Mufti of Australia (2011-present)

# data[].attributes.body
Name, birth and ancestry

Imām Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul, Afghanistan, was 40 years old at the time of Abū Ḥanīfah’s birth.
His ancestry is generally accepted as being of non-Arab origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah). The historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, records a statement from Imām Abū Ḥanīfah’s grandson, Ismail bin Hammad, who gave Abū Ḥanīfah’s lineage as Thabit bin Numan bin Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin.

Imām Abū Ḥanifa was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the Sahaba of Muhammad, some of whom lived on until Abū Ḥanīfah’s youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad’s personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abū Ḥanīfah was 20 years old.
However the author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of the Sahaba whom it is reported that the Imam has transmitted hadith from. He counted them as sixteen of the Sahaba. They are: Anas ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Anis al-Juhani, Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz’ al-Zabidi, Jabir ibn Abdullah, Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, Wa’ila ibn al-Asqa`, Ma`qal ibn Yasar, Abu Tufail `Amir ibn Wa’ila, `A’isha bint Hajrad, Sahl ibn Sa`d, al-Tha’ib ibn Khallad ibn Suwaid, al-Tha’ib ibn Yazid ibn Sa`id, Abdullah ibn Samra, Mahmud ibn al-Rabi`, Abdullah ibn Ja`far, and Abu Umama.

mam Abu Haneefa was one of the greatest of the mujtahideen.  He was also a great city planner, responsible for the planning of the city of Baghdad when it was founded by the Caliph al Mansur in 765 CE. Abu Hanifa was a mathematician of the first magnitude.  He was aware of the concepts of specific density and specific volume and implemented them in practice. As a philosopher, his work anticipated the Hegelian dialectic by more than a thousand years. The Hegelian dialectic (named after Hegel the German philosopher of the 17th century) is one of the basic principles of Western philosophy.  Its premise is that a higher collective truth emerges when multiple individual truths compete. Abu Hanifa was no hermit, or a pure academician, cloistering himself in a monastery or a mosque. He was a rich man, a successful merchant, a wonderful human being who lived among common folk with the zest and enthusiasm of a believer and contributed to the life of the community that he was a part of.

The Tigris River kisses the tomb of this mujtahid as it meanders through the now battered city of Baghdad. Located approximately six kilometers from the city center, the mosque of Abu Haneefa complex spreads out in the district of Al A’zamiyah which is named after him. It attracts pilgrims from Turkey, Bosnia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India , Bangladesh, indeed from all over the Islamic world. The cemetery is old. During the Abbasid period (751 to 1258 CE) it was called Maqbaratul Khaysarun, named after the mother of the famed Caliph Harun al Rashid (763-809CE). It has the tombs of many of the Abbasid Caliphs and dignitaries.

Gazing at the Abu Haneefa mosque from across the Tigris River on the west bank is the tomb of another great savant, Imam Musa al Kazim. The district is named after him and is called Al Kazimiyah. Musa al Kazim (745-799CE) was the seventh imam in the lineage of ahl-e-bait in the Ithna Ashari Shia tradition. The Tigris River divides the two tombs and in a wistful simile symbolizes the Shia-Sunni divide that runs through Islamic history as does the river Tigris through the divided city of Baghdad. It is said among the believers on both sides that the two great scholars, Imam Abu Haneefa and Imam Musa al Kazim talk to each other in the early hours of the morning bemoaning the Shia-Sunni fitna that has engulfed Baghdad and urging the believers to build a bridge. Indeed, a bridge was built connecting the two mosques early in the twentieth century. The Shias and the Sunnis could not agree whether to call it the al-A’azamiyah bridge or the al Kazimiyah bridge. Therefore, a compromise was reached and it was simply called Burj al Imamiyah (the Bridge of the Imams).

# data[].attributes.body
Abaan bin Uthman bin Affan was the son of Uthman ibn Affan, the third Islamic caliph. His mother was Umm'Amr bint Jandab. He was the first historian to write the Maghazi of Muhammad. He was also a Scholar of Ahadith and Fiqh.
Book 41, Number 5069: , Narrated Uthman ibn Affan:

Aban ibn Uthman said: I heard Uthman ibn Affan (his father) say: I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) say: If anyone says three times: "In the name of Allah, when Whose name is mentioned nothing on Earth or in Heaven can cause harm, and He is the Hearer, the Knower" he will not suffer sudden affliction till the morning, and if anyone says this in the morning, he will not suffer sudden affliction till the evening.

Aban was afflicted by some paralysis and when a man who heard the tradition began to look at him, he said to him: Why are you looking at me? I swear by Allah, I did not tell a lie about Uthman, nor did Uthman tell a lie about the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him), but that day when I was afflicted by it, I became angry and forgot to say them.

# data[].attributes.headline
The maliki school: ALEXANDER---- The next school of law in order of time was the one founded by Imam Malik bin Anas (d. 795 A.D.) of Medinah and reflects the views and practises associated with that city. Imam Malik served as a judge in Medinah and compiled all his decisions in a book form called al-Muwatta (the Levelled Path). Like the jurists of Iraq, Imam Malik preferred to depend more on the Traditions associated with the Companions of the Holy Prophet. The adherents of this school are predominantly in North African countries.

# data[].attributes.subject
The maliki school: ALEXANDER---- The next school of law in order of time was the one founded by Imam Malik bin Anas (d. 795 A.D.) of Medinah and reflects the views and practises associated with that city. Imam Malik served as a judge in Medinah and compiled all his decisions in a book form called al-Muwatta (the Levelled Path). Like the jurists of Iraq, Imam Malik preferred to depend more on the Traditions associated with the Companions of the Holy Prophet. The adherents of this school are predominantly in North African countries.

# data[].attributes.body
ALEXANDER

# data[].attributes.headline
The Hanafi school of fiqh: ALEXANDER -- was the first formal school of islamic fiqh that was developed Imam abu Haneefah and his students. The Hanafi school of islamic thoughts teachings derived islamic law from the following sources, the holy quran, the authentic hadeeth (words of prophet muhammad PBUH, Ijmaa’ (consensus of the muslim community) Qiyas, the analogical reasoning and urf, the customs of the local population. 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Hanafi school of fiqh: ALEXANDER -- was the first formal school of islamic fiqh that was developed Imam abu Haneefah and his students. The Hanafi school of islamic thoughts teachings derived islamic law from the following sources, the holy quran, the authentic hadeeth (words of prophet muhammad PBUH, Ijmaa’ (consensus of the muslim community) Qiyas, the analogical reasoning and urf, the customs of the local population. 

# data[].attributes.body
ALEXANDER

# data[].attributes.body
Imām Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.

His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul, Afghanistan, was 40 years old at the time of Abū Ḥanīfah’s birth.

His ancestry is generally accepted as being of non-Arab origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah). The historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, records a statement from Imām Abū Ḥanīfah’s grandson, Ismail bin Hammad, who gave Abū Ḥanīfah’s lineage as Thabit bin Numan bin Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin.

Imām Abū Ḥanifa was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the Sahaba of Muhammad, some of whom lived on until Abū Ḥanīfah’s youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad’s personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abū Ḥanīfah was 20 years old.

However the author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of the Sahaba whom it is reported that the Imam has transmitted hadith from. He counted them as sixteen of the Sahaba. They are: Anas ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Anis al-Juhani, Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz’ al-Zabidi, Jabir ibn Abdullah, Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, Wa’ila ibn al-Asqa`, Ma`qal ibn Yasar, Abu Tufail `Amir ibn Wa’ila, `A’isha bint Hajrad, Sahl ibn Sa`d, al-Tha’ib ibn Khallad ibn Suwaid, al-Tha’ib ibn Yazid ibn Sa`id, Abdullah ibn Samra, Mahmud ibn al-Rabi`, Abdullah ibn Ja`far, and Abu Umama.

# data[].attributes.body
Early Life and Education

Imam Malik was born in 711 in the city of Madinah, 79 years after the death of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in that same city. His family was originally from Yemen, but his grandfather had moved to Madinah during the reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab. Both his father and grandfather had studied religious sciences under the Companions of the Prophet who still lived in Madinah, and thus young Malik was raised in an environment that was based on Islamic scholarship, learning from his father and uncle.

Imam Malik’s uncle, Nafi’, was an eminent scholar in his own right, and narrated hadith from Aisha, Abu Hurairah, and Abdullah ibn Umar, all companions who are noted for their vast knowledge of hadith. Although the political center of the Muslim world shifted away from Madinah during the caliphate of Ali in the 650s, it remained the intellectual capital of Islam. In this capital of Islamic knowledge, Imam Malik mastered the sciences of hadith, tafsir (interpretation of the Quran), and fiqh.

The Scholar of Madinah

After an immense amount of study that extended into his 20s and 30s, Imam Malik became known as the most learned man in Madinah at his time. He became a teacher, attracting a huge number of students to lectures, which he held in the mosque of the Prophet ﷺ. He used to sit on the pulpit of the mosque with the Quran in one hand and a collection of hadith in the other and offer legal rulings and opinions based on those two sources.

Students flocked to his lectures from all corners of the Muslim world. Among his more notable students were Abu Yusuf, Muhammad al-Shaybani (they were Abu Hanifah’s two most important students as well), and Imam al-Shafi’i.

Imam Malik held his classes in the Masjid al-Nabawi in Madinah

The most unique aspect of Imam Malik’s methodology in fiqh was his reliance on the practices of the people of Madinah as a source of law. In the study of fiqh, there are numerous sources that are used to derive laws. The first and second most important sources are always the Quran and Sunnah. After those two, however, the great scholars of fiqh differed on the next most important source of law. Imam Malik believed that the practices of the people of Madinah should be seen as an important source.

His reasoning for this was that Madinah at that time was not far removed from the Madinah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It had been spared the political and social upheaval that much of the rest of the Muslim world dealt with. And the people living in the city had been taught Islam by their ancestors who had been Companions of the Prophet ﷺ or students of the Companions. He thus reasoned that if all of the people of Madinah practiced a particular action and it did not contradict the Quran and Sunnah, then it can be taken as a source of law. He is unique among the four great imams of fiqh in this opinion.

In order to ease the study of fiqh and hadith, Imam Malik compiled a book known as the al-Muwatta. This was the first book that attempted to compile only sound and reliable sayings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ into one book. Imam Malik said that he showed his book to seventy scholars in Madinah, who all approved it, thus he gave it the name al-Muwatta, meaning “The Approved”.

Al-Muwatta was a landmark book. It helped establish the science of hadith, particularly the judging of chains of narrations for hadith. Imam Malik was so thorough in his selection of hadith that it has been placed on the same level (and sometimes above) the hadith compilations of Imams Bukhari and Muslim. Imam Shafi’i even stated that there is no book on earth, after the Quran, that is more authentic than the Muwatta.

Imam Malik’s work was so influential as a book of fiqh that the caliph of the time, Harun al-Rashid, demanded that it be mass-printed and made the official book of fiqh for the Abbasid Empire. Imam Malik, however, refused. He knew that no one interpretation of Islamic law was perfect and all-encompassing. As such, he refused to allow his fiqh to become official, even under threat of persecution and imprisonment.

Imam Malik’s Character

Besides being one of the greatest scholars of fiqh in history, Imam Malik was an incredibly humble and meticulous Muslim. Out of respect for the Prophet ﷺ and his words, he would refuse to narrate a hadith while walking. Instead, when asked about a hadith, he would stop, sit down, and give the hadith the attention it deserved, out of respect for Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. He would also refuse to ride any animal in the city of Madinah, seeing it as unfathomable that he would ride on the same dust that Muhammad ﷺ’s feet walked on. This type of extra respect and meticulousness out of respect for Prophet Muhammad ﷺ certainly is not mandatory according to Islamic law, but simply a sign of the emphasis Imam Malik placed on the importance of Muhammad ﷺ.

Imam Malik’s seminal work, al-Muwatta

Among Imam Malik’s sayings are:

“The Sunnah is the ark of Nuh. Whoever boards it is saved, and whoever remains away perishes.”

“Knowledge does not consist in narrating much. Knowledge is but a light which Allah places in the heart.”

“None renounces the world and guards himself without then ending up speaking wisdom.”

When Imam Malik embarked on the study of Islamic sciences with a teacher, his mother advised him to “learn from your teacher his manners before you learn from him his knowledge.”

Imam Malik’s ideology on fiqh developed into the Maliki madhab (school). As Imam Malik wished, it was not imposed on Muslims as the sole school of Islamic law. Instead, it complemented the other three schools that took precedence in the Sunni Muslim world – the Hanafi, Shafi’i, and Hanbali schools. The Maliki school became very popular in North and West Africa, as well as Muslim Spain. Today it remains the main madhab of North and West Africa.

Imam Malik died at the age of 85 in the year 795. He was buried in the Baqee’ Cemetary in Madinah.

# data[].attributes.body
Aban bin Uthman bin Affan.
Abd Allah al-Qaysi.
Usama al-Abd.
Muhammad Abdul Malek.
Abdullah ibn Mubarak.
Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz Al Kelya.
Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm.
Abu Hanifa.

# data[].attributes.body
Make a research about the different Islamic schoolers and compare between them in all areas.

# data[].attributes.headline
اعوذ بسمالله

# data[].attributes.subject
اعوذ بسمالله