# data[].attributes.body
Hands burn

for a stone, a bomb,

to shiver down the glass.

Nothings changed.

Metaphor - hands burning desperate for a stone

Noun changes -

stone to a bomb - escalation of violence

or - bomb metaphor - referring back to when accused of terrorist activity

Verb - shiver down glass - personification - humans do - small movement

Want he wants to do is destroy the glass but not to create harm - wants to remove the segregation - representative of the glass

Nothings changed - declarative - cyclical structure. Begins and ends same way - same message.

# data[].attributes.body
Crushed ice white glass

linen falls,

the single rose.

Spit a little on the floor,

its in the bone

Continues to describe

Semantic field luxury - haute cusine

Juxtaposition

Working mans cafe - can eat at table or on the floor

Its an imperative to spit on the floor

No airs and graces

Sense of natural, informal and easy - where he feels most relaxed

Clear - juxtaposition restaurant with guard at gate post and informal place

Goes back to being at the restaurant - looking in with his nose pressed up against glass.

# data[].attributes.body
Brash with glass

name flaring like a flag,

it squats

it - restaurant - sees amongst land - for white people only

Brash with glass - suggests showiness unapologetic

Flying like a flag - simile - unapologetic about identity

Fricative alliteration -

ff sound - flaring, flag

Effect - angry tone. FF good demonstrating anger - naughty word

Squats - metaphor -

techncially personificaiton

animalistic about squatting in grass

Squats 2 meanings

Sitting low down

Takes over place without rights

Restaurant shouldn't be there - taken ownership without rights

# data[].attributes.body
and my hand,

and the skin about my bones,

and the soft labouring of my lungs,

and the not, white, inwards turning

anger of my eyes

He says District 6 - no sign to tell him that but his feet know

Anaphora - and' - build up tension

Increase in line length - mounting

Nouns - travelling up the body

Semantic field body - all parts body know where he is.

Extension personification - feet knowing where he is

End - line lengths increase and then shorten

Consonance in the repetition of the Ts - dotted in middle and at the end - angry

Enjambment - emphasis - anger

Why of my eyes - feeling building of the body - going upwards - eye - next thing he sees.

# data[].attributes.body
Small round hard stones click

under my heels,

seeding grasses thrust

bearded seeds

into trouser cuffs, cans

Sensory language

Monosyllabic + onomatopaic words

click - creating vivid sound image of his footsteps remembers so well

Sibilance 'seeding, grasses, thrust, seeds' - long tall grasses with seeds coming out of them and rustling in the wind. Momentic - grasses and the seeds brushing against him.

Juxtaposition - plosive alliteration - 'cuffs' and 'cans'

Repeated T sounds - harsher - beginnings - juxtaposition between positive and negative

Dynamic verb - thrust - violent verb - concept conflict

Journey back place

- thrown out of because of conflict

Setting up - District 6 - area feels uncared for, lot of litter and abandoned.

Ironic - reason said they were just slums and needed to be redeveloped but they have done nothing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nothing's Changed by Tatamkhulu Afrika - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Free verse

No rhyme scheme

7 stanzas all different lengths

Some really small

Loads enjambment

Breaking rules and expressing yourself freely - important to Africa - set boundaries lets break them

Emjambment - ranting tone, angry tone

Cyclical structure - nothing's changed - begins and end - nothing changed.

# data[].attributes.body
Background

Autobiographical

Returns to District 6 - first time returned since Apartheid abolished

What he does walks through town, looks at restaurant and looks at differences.

Despite Apartheid abolished - racism and discrimination still there - nothings changed

Context

Apartheid - racial segregation - South Africa

Started 1948, abolished 1990s - not one day everything changed

Took number years for laws to change

1994

Afrika - can't remember when he wrote it, but at time Apartheid abolished but still early days.

Cape Town segregated into areas as to who could live there.

District 6 - only white, would be shipped out - includes Tatutum KulaAfrika

Fought in WWII 0 capture and imprisoned at siege of Tobruk in 1942 On return adopted

1964 - converted to Islam and toom the Ismail Joubert

Joined ANC - Nelson Mandela's group. Arrested for terrorism. Same prison as Nelson Mandela. Because of arrest granted - Tateum Kula Afrika

Measures against white, African, Indian and Coloured people

Born Egyptian and Turkish heritage.

Parents died of flu - adopted. Given white identity - called John

Hertitage - wasn't white

Could have continued living in District 6 as a white person in South Africa

When arrested and put into prison for terrorism - wasn't allowed to write for 5 years. Name granted to him by ANC - Grandfather Africa

Looking to see something different - sees same discrimination and racism.

Theme

Nothings changed - ironic

While poem written legalised apartheid been abolished, Africk sees signs that racial segregation remains systemic in South Africa

Otherhand - everthing has changed in District 6 - once a vibrant, multi- racial community reduced to wasteland by authorities promote policy of segregation

Importance of place in creating identity

Expresses how a place can recall a particular time stimulating memory

Afrika's identity is more fluid than most

Compare

Wordsworth's On Westminster Bridge

Thomas' Allestrop

Hardy's - Where the picnic was

Capture particular moment in time in a particularised place

Blake's London - uses place to convey a policitical message about disadvantage and priviledge

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nothing's Changed by Tatamkhulu Afrika - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
Or there were beggars, sweeper-girls

and I was there-

pr no fixed nationality

staring through fretwork

at the Shalimar Gardens

Screen from male visitors - culture Pakiston

Or beggars - imagining 2 kinds of ways of life - life screened from men but comfortable in homes or homeless and sweeping the streets

I was there of no fixed nationality - fragmented line. Unfixed - she doesn't fit - line split straight down middle

Staring through fretwork - enjambment fragmented lines

Fretwork - you can still see through them

Shalimar Gardens huge and beautiful gardens - staring through fretwork - being an outsider and not fitting. Outside looking in. Not even clear vision

Feelings discomfot - not knowing where she fits.

# data[].attributes.body
I pictured my birthplace

from fifties' photographs.

When I was older

There was conflict, a fractured land

throbbing through newsprint

Reflective in tone - depict birthplace from 50s photos

Juxtaposition - place when young and when older

Conflict

Metaphors - fractured land - illusion Bangladesh war 1971 - reading news conflict from UK

Fractured - conflict broken up - is also how she is feeling

Throbbed - how intensely she reacts like blood rushing through her veins

How much impact this has on her.

# data[].attributes.body
My mother cherished her jewellery -

Indian gold, dangling, filigree

But it was stolen from our car.

The presents were radiant in my wardrobe

My aunts request cardiagans

form Marks and Spencers

Lehore Pakistan and UK - juxtaposition

Mother England and Father Pakistan

Cherished - emotive verb

Triad - Indian gold, dangling, filigree (film to create intricate patterns

Beautiful jewellery that comes into her home is cherished by her mother. Bit of guilt that she is not able to cherish the beauty of the clothes

Juxtapositon/anticlimax - stolen from car. Crime in UK - criticism

Juxtaposition - radiant in wardrobe - radiant and incredibly beautiful glowing, shine from them.

Cardigans M & S - British shopping - ordinary. Logged denim and cordorouy - requesting same kinds of things she is wearing at home.

# data[].attributes.body
I tried each satin-silken top-

was alien in the sitting room...

My costume clung to me

and I was a flame

I couldn't rise up out of its fire

Hypen - compound

satin and silk

rustling

Sibilant

luxury items worth and value

Alien - juxtaposition - familiarity. When she wears the clothes she feels alien in her English surroundings.

Feelings about wearing

costume clung to me - personification - playing a role

Negativity - claustrophobia - clung

Alliteration - costume clung - cc sound

Couldn't rise up out of its fire - illusion rise up out of fire - phoenix burns and rises. She says she can't do that

I was a flame - embarrassment cheeks on fire

Its fire

# data[].attributes.body
They sent me a salwar kameez

peacock blue,

and another

glistening like an orange split open

They - third person pronoun - not told who this is. Other person kept at a distance

Active voice - 'they' subject sentence

Powerless - Memory of her as a teenager - object - sense of powerlessness - she is sat in England and gifts are sent to her without asking for them

Vivid colour imagery - peacock, orange, candy striped

Glistening - simile - positive connotations

But violent verb - split open - feeling torn or split. Candy striped bangles snapped

Even though clothing beautiful - about violent connotations way it makes her feel

Juxtapose violence with beauty

fragmented lines

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Free verse

No metrical pattern or rhyme

Way lines fragmented

Different starting points and ending points

Jarring - cultural identity - not quite sitting in the right place - stanza length

# data[].attributes.body
Background

Autobiographical poem

When teenager - aunties would send her presents traditional

discomforts surrounds cultural identity

Culture back home - never really lived there but still feels out of place in UK

Memories cloting she is sent

Context

1954 Lahore Pakistan - few months old no living memory

Mother from England, Father Pakistan - his sisters sending presents

Knowledge of the area - fractured land - Bangladesh wars 1971 - reflecting back

Theme

Concepts cultural identity - Hurricane hits England

Belonging

Compare

Hurricane hits England

Stewart Island

Both poets emigrated to England in their youth

Sense of place where they were born and importance of forming identity

Compare country born with adopted country

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.headline
Poem 14 - Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan - Moniza Alvi

# data[].attributes.subject
Poem 14 - Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan - Moniza Alvi

# data[].attributes.body
I had already decided to leave the country

Adverb - already

Past perfect tense

Disappointing holiday not reason for leaving, already planned

Difficult relationship with husband

Already feeling negative

Enjambment - decided - certainty

NZ not just Stewart Island - all experiences spoiled by negative time had in NZ

# data[].attributes.body
my four year old paddled, until

a mad seagull jetted down

to jab its claws and beak into

his head.

violence escalated

Me - adult woman

7 year old

Then 4 year old - younger in age

too cold, bitten and then attacked by seagulls - escalating violence

Enjambment - mad seagulls places emphasis focus subject - personified making seagull seeming more dangerous

Alliteration- Jetted and jabbed - violent emotive verbs

to jab - purposefully attempting to hurt 4 year old boy

Preposition - into his head - more violent emphasises the violence and disappointment.

# data[].attributes.body
As for me, I walked on the beach

It was too cold to swim. My

seven year old collected shells

and was bitten by sandflies;

Shift in tone - As for me - previously with hotel manager's wife

Walked on the beach - juxtapose negativity

Enjambment - My spills onto the next line - angry line - drawing attention to age - 7 year old young vulnerable

Juxtaposition - typical holiday behaviour and bitten - disappointing end.

# data[].attributes.body
True: there was a fine bay,

all hills and atmosphere;

True - starting adjective

Having to concede - is a fine bay

Compliment - fine - homonym (could be 2 different words

Fine - elegant

Also mean average

Undermining suggestion beautiful

Vague language - all hills and atmosphere - nothing specific. All up and down. Too samey.

# data[].attributes.body
'But look at all this beauty'

Said the hotel manager's wife

In media res - right in the action

What came before ?

Open frontal coordinate conjunction - Negative

Negative one - But

Suggests person speaking is having to defend

Assume if line before - narrator - this place is awful

Engaging way to open

Conflict

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Stewart Island by Fleur Adcock - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Free verse - no specific metre or rhyme scheme

Breaks conventions by dialogue

Enjambment and caesura - splitting up lines

narrative style

Read as a story as an experience

Unhappy and angry free verse - can be read at pace - rant like in tone

# data[].attributes.body
Background

Narrator recounting holiday had in popular destination in New Zealand

Starts manager's wife about how beautiful the place is

manager's wife ran off with fisherman

Activities she did and how spoilt

Planning on leaving country

Tongue in cheek

Born 1934

Moved to UK but had to return to New Zealand

2 unhappy marriages. Birth 2 sons, returned England permanently in 1963

1st not successful, 2nd physically abusive - back to UK where she lived

Awarded OBE for services to literature in 1996

Stewart Island - 3rd largest island in NZ. 80% nature reserve

Recalls visit with 2 sons in 1971

Themes

Places reflect the feelings of teh people that inhabit them

One person's Eden is another one's Hell

Whereas

Wordsworth use Westminster Bridge and

Adlestrop - Thomas

to express feelings of wonder and delight,

Browning is filled with nostalgia for his homeland infusing it with beauty

Adcock's disillusion with her life is channelled into this account of her visit

Compare

Blake's London - focus of injustices of his society

Hardy's Picnic - place of pilgrimage reflects feelings of sorrow and regret

Adcock - NZ place of deceit - picture postcard perfect but hiding a less pleasant reality

Idea of deception and disappointment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Stewart Island by Fleur Adcock - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
Mackerel wigs dispense the justice of air

At this height nothing lives. Too cold. Too near the sun.

Profound

Mackerel wig - metaphor nature decides

Could be metaphor for clouds judges wear, like clouds

Mackerel sky - cloud formation just like a judges wig.

Metaphor justice of air - judgement

Nature decides whether we stay up or not. Most powerful

or Man decides

Mackerel - fish long and sleek and silvery and fast - look like aeroplanes.

Could be both - aeroplane dispense with justice of air ie man

Simultaneously - nature controls what we do - whether we live or die or man.

Narrator - not possible to live - protected by metal tin - declarative statement

Allusion - Icarus - flew too close to the sun and wings made melted and fell to his death

Warning when start playing God, moving too fast, forgetting about history - is this step too far, are we too arrogant, are we damaging ourselves

Contrast- profound thinking and nonsense experience narrator.

# data[].attributes.body
My last trip was Beijing. Know where that is?

Beijing. Peking, you'd say. Three weeks there, I was

Peking is wrong. If you've been there

You call it Beijing, like me. Go on, say it.

Interruption know it all narrator -

arrogance - elliptical phrase - should be 'Do you' not 'Know where'

Demanding way of speaking

Peking became Beijing - assumes person ignorant positioning himself as a person of authority

Imperative statement - control and power

Conversation second narratorship - becomes mundane becomes trivial and unimportant

Second narrator tackling the big ideas

# data[].attributes.body
We have come too high for history

Where we are now deals only with tomorrow,

Confound the forecaster, dismisses clocks

Profound - social and cultural shifts

Come too high for history - 1st person plural - inclusive - everyone. Does it twice.

Metaphor -

time zones also learning lessons.

Progressing too quickly into the future lost sense history

Deals with only with tomorrow

Personification

confounding and dismissing clocks - time zones -

now flying so high breaking rules live by - forecasts, time, shift in power.

# data[].attributes.body
Under us the broad meringue kingdom

The next lot of water'll be the Med

Of cumulus, bearing the crinkled tangerine stain

That light spreads on an evening sea at home

Shift language as inexperience more comfortable

Metaphor - broad meringue kingdom - just like clouds

Kingdom - heaven above the clouds, or how majestic the cloud is.

Preposition - under us - plane above - status of position and power

Interruption - declarative - authority - demonstrating expert in what to expect now - interrupts profound thought outside

Metaphor - late light orange sunset echoes on water - beautiful imager interrupted with know it all.

# data[].attributes.body
A sudden swiftness, earth slithers

Off at an angle. The experience solidly.

This is rather a short hop for me

Read Guardians, discuss secretaries,

Business lunches...

Sibilance - sudden swiftness

zoomorphic - slithers - not Adam and Eve but suddenness of the angle disappears significant earth

Juxtaposition her discomfort and experienced reading Guardians

Adverb - solidly - how comfortable they feel

Interrupted - rather a short hop - dismissive tone. Profound frightening experience for first narrator. As narrator is thinking she hears the experienced flyer, which also interrupts the enjambment

Triad - tells us something about who these exprienced are - businessmen. Time period - businessmen

# data[].attributes.body
Plane moves. I don't like the feel of it.

In a car I'd suspect low tyre pressure

No The - Elliptical phrasing - missing the The.

Caesura - punctuation in middle line. To create a jilted jarring start which unsettles you.

Something discerting - line is broken up.

Illusion to the familiar - tries to compare to something normal. Narrator to comfort of being on solid ground

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
First Flight by U. A. Fanthorpe - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Free verse - metrical regularity or rhyme scheme

Dual narrative

Experienced

Short declamatory statements interspersed with rhetorical questions to show superior knowledge and experience.

Italicised stanzas - narrations experienced flyer

Inexperienced

Not in italics - inexperienced flyer.

Short incomplete couplets as if thinking aloud2 juxtapose each other

Irony narrative move - experienced flyer positioning as expert - narrative becomes mundane

Inexperienced - more understanding of world and dangers and technological advancement

Lots of enjambment

Way enjambment between stanzas which are interrupted. You could read the 2 stanzas separately and then together.

# data[].attributes.body
Background

Individual first experience in commerical flight first time

Distinct narrative voice - inexperienced, discomfort, awe and concern what it means to built this technology

Experienced - presenting their experience of being an easy affair

1929 - 2009

English teacher first

Worked pychiatric hospital inspiring. Some cases she observed she wrote about

Wrote about social/historical commentary

Rise commercial flights - observing moment

Theme

Sits oddly in teh collections which focuses on memories of time and place strongly rooted in physical landscape

Here- recollection of first time experience in generalised space - the cabin at no specific time

Focus - emotions first speaker as she grapples with new sensation of being in flight and how the world and all that matters within it is diminished by distance

Ideas of distance and how it can change perceptions of time and place Brownings Home Thoughts where England becomes a lost Eden

Alvi's 'Presents' - homeland Pakistan becomes a mystical place but also symbolises duality of her upbringing as an immigrant

Hurricane - distance is bridged by a shared weather system

Hannah's Postcards - different attitudes to travelling

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
First Flight by U. A. Fanthorpe - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
The buttercups, the little chiuldren's dower

-Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!

Imagining fields with dew

Buttercups - recalling childhood innocence

Metaphor - children's treasure (dower)

Far brighter - comparative adjective - er intensified by adverb - far

Gawdy - showy and brash - Melons grow in Italy. Comparing nature in Italy with sweet understated beauty in England.

# data[].attributes.body
That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over.

Lest you should think he never could recapture

The first fine careless rapture!

Thrush wise

Personification - sings each song twice over. Bird so clever - first hear beautiful may think it is a fluke so he does it again

Emotive language - careless rapture - nonchalance to exquisite sounds as he is so talented can do it all again

Exclamative - loving nature

# data[].attributes.body
And after April, when May follows,

And teh whitethroat builds, and all the swallows!

Hark, where my blossomed pear-tree in teh hedge

Shift in time

Gone from immediacy - Now

Second stanza imagining what comes next

Personification - May is chasing

Anaphora - And after, and

White throat - bird

Swallows

Imperative - hark - instruction to reader - direct address

Shift to the personal - drawing our attention to imagine his home and the sounds he is going to hear.

Semantic field - nature

# data[].attributes.body
That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf

Round the elm tree bole are in tiny leaf,

While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough

In England - now!

Adjective - lowest bough

Adjective - tiny

Detailed decription

Lines are increasing in length - builds growing emotion and excitement

Build up to the final line

Enjambment

Suddenly have break - caesura

Adverb - Now - immediacy exclamative - emotional tenor of the poem but also be there

Semantic field of nature fuelling his enthusiasm. Solace and comfort in nature

# data[].attributes.body
Oh to be in England

Now that April's there.

Oh - wistful and longing phrase sets out emotions home sick

Personification ish - April can move in and out

Spring is very exciting

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Home Thoughts from Abroad by Robert Browning - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Lyric poem

2 stanza long

Metrical irregularity

trimeter (6 syllable) to tetrameter (8 syllable) to pentameter (10 syllable) lines

Trochaic - stress on first syllable of each foot

Anapestic moments - 2 unstressed syllables followed by stressed.

Oh to be in England, and whoever waits

Emotional tenor of poem - first stanza - growing. Excitement building thoughts nature builds on.

Themes

Compares Italy unfavourable to England

Browning was very fond of Italy made it their home even though they returned to England for family visits

Evokes sights and sounds of the English countryside infused with nostalgia for home left

Similar to tone of Adlestrop with sense of lost Eden

Importance of place in forming identity

Contrasted with Stewart Island where distorted buy her dislike for the country of her birth

# data[].attributes.headline
10 Home Thoughts from Abroad - Robert Browning

# data[].attributes.subject
10 Home Thoughts from Abroad - Robert Browning

# data[].attributes.body
Background

Simple - perspective Robert Browning while in Italy

Thinking about being back at home

Thinking about nature - birds in trees and buttercups on the lawn.

Comparison where he is now Italy and his home - celebration of England

Context

1812 - 1889

1845

Poet and playwright

focused on commentary social/historical issues

Cultural shifts

Romanticism

Large amount life in Italy

Met wife Elizabeth Barrett - moved from Italy in 1846 due to her ill health

Scandalous affair - got married in secret as her father didn't approve

Assumed writing this poem with Elizabeth - just there on his own holidaying - but still thinking back how wondrous England is.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Home Thoughts from Abroad by Robert Browning - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
Fountain, birds and grass

Were shaken by my thinking of your name.

Triad - represents gentleness

Continuing metaphor - extended metaphor

Savage force - intensity of realisation - thinking name person she has lost - extraordinary feeling of grief.

No mention of name - demonstrating degree of loss

Summary

starts off with monotony

Regular life

questioning - feeling anger - why do I feel like this

Last stanza - because the place was the same and thinking of your name has created this force.

# data[].attributes.body
For under all the gentleness there came

An earthquake tremor

Metaphor - not literally shaking

Everything feeling is shaken up, juxtapose with gentleness - well tended gardens, the usual steady jets

Suddenly coming from underneath

Enjambment - consciousness - could be about the feelings coming form sub conscious up to conscious

# data[].attributes.body
The thoughtless birds that shook out of the trees,

Singing in ecstasy

I could not share

Personification - anthropomorphism - animal given human characteristics.

Demonstrates about the way she is feeling - harmless and singing. Sees them as unkind and should be marking the occasions

Heightened by the hyperbole - they are singing in ecstasy she can't share - extreme joy

Bitter angry tone - can't resolve fact they aren't marking loss

Surely the garden is so beautiful and peaceful (Pleasures/level) that it can disperse sad and unwelcome thoughts

# data[].attributes.body
There was no sign that anything had ended

And nothing to instruct me to forget.

Vague language - 'anything' don't know what kind of loss. Death or divorced. Universal

Personification - what the narrator is looking for - closure - told to forget by someone in this garden

Nothing has changed -

All is as usual and there are no signs that she should feel differently

Changed - caesura - end stopping and enjambment across 3 and 4.

# data[].attributes.body
I visited the place where we last met

I - first person pronoun singular

Plural - We - juxtaposition - change in status - poem not being there anymore

Vague language - don't know the place or the time stamp - universality of the grief

Narrator - not autobiographical poem

Grief

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Absence by Elizabeth Jennings - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Lyric poem - rhythm and movement

Quintet - 5 line stanza

Simple language

Iambic pentametre

ABABA

Full rhymes giving each stanza being complete in itself

Many fall into 2 complimentary halves - tone of emotions kept tightly under control - deadening of emotions unti the revelation of the depth of her feelings through the words 'savage force/earthquake tremor/shaken' in the final stanza

# data[].attributes.headline
Absence  (paired Picnic) - Elizabth Jennings

# data[].attributes.subject
Absence  (paired Picnic) - Elizabth Jennings

# data[].attributes.body
Context and Background

Narrator visiting a garden place she and loved one has been before

As she visits - garden same as did

Feels angry no sign - lost loved one should be reflected in the garden

Finds difficult that she isn't able to enjoy nature

End poem = realisation because there is no sign of change. Person lost - big emotional response

Most of her life in Oxford, devout Roman Catholic

Context

Elizabeth - 1926- 2001

Wrote 1958

Modernism - literary movement. Level pretension - TS Elliot use illusion

Group - 1950s said want poetry want to be clear and not illusionary - called The Movement - known for straightforward to the point blunt tone. Philip Larkin. Angry group. Only woman. Pushing against the idea Modernism, not Post Modernism

Freud's Theory of Consciousness - look at consciousness - current thoughts, pre-conscious - can pull thoughts from . All other thoughts - subsconscious - triggered and come to surface and cause powerful emotions.

Themes

Close relationship between place and memory

How places enable us to recall emotions first experienced there

Compare

Powerful emotions are recalled in Afrika when he returns to the place where he grew up

Hardy's Picnic - where lost love and happier times

Emotions affect perceptions of time and place

External landscape - unchanged yet her relationship is different dur to traumatic experience. Picnic - familiar setting overlaid with feelings of loss and sorrow that appears cold and grey even though it is recognisably the same

Afrika claims nothing has changed referring to the political landscape whereas the physical landscape is unrecognisable, a formerly vibrant community given way to 'stones' 'grasses' and 'weeds'

Stewart Island - tainted by her negative attitude towards New Zealand finding ugliness beneath a picture-postcard perfect landscape

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Absence by Elizabeth Jennings -  Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
But two have wnadered far

...

Into urban roar

Where no picnics are,

And one- has shut her eyes

For evermore

two - his friends Newbolt and Yeats - they have disappeared into the big cities

Metaphor - urban roar - onomatopoeia - animalistic- zoomorphic. Suggesting volume

City place of chaos - noise and industry. Sense of judgement - aren't any picnics there

Emma has shut her eyes - Euphemism

Pointing out Emma has died. Whole poem is an Elegy - doesn't use her name - sense of grief

Enjambment - And One - caesura - finality emphasis.

# data[].attributes.body
Yes is am here

Just as last year

And the sea breathes brine

From its strange straight line

Interjection - saying to himself made it back

Writing in 1912 - just as last year - very last time when they were there together

Personification - continues breathes brine sibilance - continuity

Strange straight line - sense continuity - here again as was before - horizon straight line - continuum

Sticks from fire left behind - love for his wife

# data[].attributes.body
Now the cold wind blows,

And the grass is grey

reminding present cold winter

Pathetic fallacy - cold wind blowing

Symbolism summer happy, winter cold loneliness

Grey - lifeliess want grass to be green - bland bleak. Loss of life.

# data[].attributes.body
Where we made the first

In the summer time...

I slowly climb

Through winter mire,

Repetition - anaphora - title and first line

Juxtaposition - first person plural to first person single

Past tense in first section - made

Present - I slowly climb

Adverb - slowly - sense dreariness pace slowed

Juxtaposition - seasons - summer now present winter

summer together happy past sense of love, winter cold alone and in the present

And scan and trace

The foresaken place

Quite readily

Rhyming couplet

Creates pace speeds things up

Verbs - scan and trace - searching things up. Eyes darting around the place, looking for traces of the past

Adjective = foresaken - abandoned - knows not been there for while, when should have been

Adverb - quite readily - adverbial phrase - happy to be there. Even though bleak in the present. Seeking closure for signs to relive it. Wants to emerse himself.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Where the Picnic Was by Thomas Hardy - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Elegy - An elegy is a sad poem, usually written to praise and express sorrow for someone who is dead.)

# data[].attributes.body
Background and Context

Thomas Hardy - not biographical - back to a place where he and his wife used to picnic

Looks at who is now

Juxtaposition in poem - past - happiness and sadness

Written after his wife has died.

Context

1840 died 1928

Influence Romanticism

Poem - 1912

Incredibly famous novelist and poet

Southwest England

Short stories

Emma Gifford - relationship struggled towards end.

Died suddenly 1912

dedicated to her - sense guilt

Included a epigraph short phrase - traces to old fire

Fire - symbolic love and passion

Referencing Yeats and Newbolt

Industrial Rev

past it but would have been influenced

End poem - negative ideas to do with industry.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Where the Picnic Was by Thomas Hardy - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
Until We met the solid Town-

No One He seemed to know-

And bowing -with a Mighty look-

At me- The Sea withdrew-

Familiarity - tide all way up top of beach

Solid town - feeling reality

Juxtapose with unfamiliarity - sea out of place in this familiar world.

This love cannot continue

Bowing - personification - Mighty - profound powerful and meaningful

Tide back out.

Metaphor

this type of love cannot last in real world.

Desire to have sexual awakening in the world of the narrator it doesn't work.

Reclusive individual with complex love life due to ill health and eplispsy. Not able to be in a relationship.

Summary

Excited about male relentless advances of male figure

Social contentions demand reject his advances

Seek safety of solid town - symbol conventional Victorian morality.

# data[].attributes.body
I felt his Silver Heel

Upon my Ankle - Then my Shoes

Would overflow with Pearl

Enjambment - Upon my Ankle

Sea - moment spilling over her shoes

Metaphor - overflowing pearl - male organsim

Sexual awakening - value - adjective Silver, noun Pearl - beautiful items - no sense of fear.

# data[].attributes.body
But no Man move Me - till the Tide

Went past my simple Shoe-

And past my Apron - and my Belt

And past my Bodice - too -

Just described the boats in the water extending the ropes calling to her

No man moved me til tide went past her shoe

Metaphor and Euphemism - no man having moved her - no man affected her but also virginity - not been impacted upon

Approaching Tide - as moves up the beach could be personified as sexual advances

Personification - sea - movement of sea - tide becomes a man - I haven't been moved but the tide is acting as a male lover and went past my simple shoe, past my Apron and bodice

Semantic field of clothing

Actually represents the body

Shoe, apron, belt, bodice (to her breasts) - goes up her body

Clothing is capitalised - marking out relentless approach

Too - to show the shock of the advances.

Emphasises the anaphora - and past my... Growing moving - sexual connotations - physicality of her body. Taking her over

And then as He would eat me up -

as wholly as Dew

metaphoric - notion consuming is sexual. It is as if he is going to fully consume me. Lecherous man. Wholly - possession

Fear

Some people wonder if this about fear.

Imagined sexual act is non-consensual -

eat me up - villainous tone as she is not the part of it. Him starting and her following is as if she is trying to run away.

Threatening - exploring notion of sexual fear - narrator frightened of sex to explore issues she has.

Sexual enjoyment Other people - last line -

Does not seem frightened by this possibility - comparing herself to Dew drop on a Dandelion leaf (sleeve) which will easily lap up.

And He - he followed - followed close behind-

Starting - participation

Started metaphor for organism or enjoyment/feeling

Anaphora and enjambment - And he, And He - he too is also enjoying the sex - metaphor for male organsim - happening together he is close behind.

Sea personified and moving in and out.

# data[].attributes.body
And Frigates - in the Upper Floor

Extended Hempen Hands-

Presuming Me to be a Mouse-

Aground - upon the Sands-

Moves basement to upper floor

Like a swell of waves from trough to crest

Frigate birds - large black and white seabird fly on the crest of a waves to try and catch her

Hempen - made from hemp a fibrous plant from which ropes are made extending the nautical theme.

Compares rough twisted rope to the bird's claws reaching for her

Mouse - Because she looks so small alone on the Sands they think she is prey - a Mouse

# data[].attributes.body
I started Early - Took my Dog-

And visited the Sea -

The Mermaids in the Basement

Came out to look at me-

Dog was a Newfoundland and her companion for 16 years

Dream like fantasy - sea is a gigantic building

Caitalisation - loosely follows the iambic metre - Early, the Sea and The Mermaids and the Basement

Metaphors - mermaids in the basement came out to look at me - aren't mermaids and basement - bottom of sea. Imagining mermaids at bottom of sea = coming out.

Mystery v familiarity

Basement bottom part of a house

Emily Dickinson was a recluse - grounding images of familiarity

Something special awaiting us

Suggestion of intention

Mermaids assess her - narrator isn't bothered

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
I Started Early Took my Dog by Emily Dickinson - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
Hyphens - Dickinson

Stops and starts - handwriting

Capitalisation of noun and noun phrase

Ballad - very specific rhythem

ABAB and 6 quatrains

Shift - iambic tetrameter to iambic trimeter

1st and 3rd - iambic tetrameter - 8 syllables

2nd - iambic trimeter - 6 syllables

Hymn - wrote in ballad

Fits rhythm Amazing Grace

Extraordinary woman - use a hymn to write a poem about sexual awakening.

Personified Tide as a God like Man

Sexual elements - work censored.

# data[].attributes.body
Narrator is not Emily Dickinson- female narrator recounts taking walk to beach

Personifies the sea as a man and lover

Literal plot - sea comes in and washes over her feet and goes out

Metaphor - sexual awakening and loss of virginity

Context

Alive 1830 - 1886

1862

American - Massachusetts

Well educated, Father lawyer, attended school until 17

None of 1800 poems were published when she was alive. 1955 definitive collection became available

Reclusive life - know poem isn't about her. Could be about her own feelings. But did not take her dog to beach.

Agoraphobic

Ill health epilepsy - jolts and starts in body referred to in her body

Give reason for reclusive nature - demonised and forbidden having relationships as was the devils curse

Unmarried - context about sexual awakening

2 love interests - Susan Gilbert - wonderful love

Older gentleman - proposed to her and she turned him down.

19 century America - very unusual life.

Themes

Dreamlike account walk by the sea

Realisation power and size of the Sea

Nature - comparing herself to a mouse on the shore, or a dew drop on a leaf

Compare

with Fanthorpe's first flight

London - Blake and Wordswork

Nothing Changed- Afrika walk familiar place and his forensic sensuous description of the terrain contrasted with Dickinson use of fantastical imagery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
I Started Early Took my Dog by Emily Dickinson - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.headline
7. I started Early - Took my Dog - Emily Dickinson

# data[].attributes.subject
7. I started Early - Took my Dog - Emily Dickinson

# data[].attributes.body
The darkly shining salt sea drops

Streamed as the waves clashed on the shore;

The beach, with all its organ stops

Pealing again, prolonged the roar.

Sibilance - salt sea

Onomatopoeia - clashed

Pealing again - sensory language - bells appealing sense of sound

Organ - church but describing waves on the beach

Prolonged roar - onomatopoeia - power and volume.

Romantic convention - sublime how powerful nature is while simultaneously being beautiful

Clash - violence

Roar - power

Movement organ - pedalling - describing waves on shore as organ - pedalling keeping sound going.

# data[].attributes.body
Night sank, like flakes of silver fire

The stars in one great shower came down

Srhill blew the wind; and shrill the wire

Rang out from Hythe to Romney town

Metaphor - night doesn't sink - dark

Simile - like flakes of silver - oxymoron - white sparkly grey - fire - red heat.

Stars - enjambement - emphasis on stars

Hyperbole - great shower

Suggesting stars fall down so quickly blue pink to red and then darkness

# data[].attributes.body
As I came up from Dymchurch Wall

I saw above the Downs' low crest

The crimson brands of sunset fall,

Flicker and fade from out the West

1st and 4th stanza are inversion of each other - on way there and on way back. As I came up - time has passed

Subordinate clause, rest of clause

South Downs

Colour symbolism - rich red crimson - sunset falling down

Metaphor - 'brands' - burn into it. Colour richness of red - sky branded with red colour

Flicker and fade - alliteration almost onapatomaic

# data[].attributes.body
Masts in the offing wagged their tops;

The swinging waves pealed on the store;

The saffron beach, all diamond drops

And beads of surge, prolonged the roar

Mast are moving to and fro - wagging in the wind

Sound of waves breaking on the shore likened to regular rhythm peal of bells

Colour imagery continues with adjective 'saffron' deep yellow

Gems - diamonds/beads

Sparkling spray

# data[].attributes.body
A veil of purple vapour flowed

And trailed its fringe along the Straits

The upper air like sapphire glowed:

And roses filled Heaven's central gates.

veil purple - associated royalty

Colour symbolism - status and value

Alliteration - veil vapour

Personification - vapour flowing - trails its fringe - like a person like a piece of clothing behind of the mist

Simile - like sapphire - jewel - glowing dark bright blue

Roses filled - assuming pink red - timing - blue pink hue in sky. Metaphor - sky

Semantic field - sapphire, saffron - valuable expensive substance, diamonds and silver - high value beauty of sea. Majesty

# data[].attributes.body
And ringing shrilly, taut and lithe,

Within the wind a core of sound

The wire from Romney town to Hythe

Along its airy journey wound

whistling telephone wires strung across the marsh

Assonance - 'ringing shrilly'

# data[].attributes.body
As I went down to Dymchurch Wall,

I heard the South sing o'er the land

I saw the yellow sunlight fall

On knolls where Norma churches stand

Positioning everything about what happened

As I went down - Frontal subordinate clause - collection of everything he sees beginning of the journey

Personification - South sing - southerly wind

Joyful sound of wind is - singing over the land - sibilance musical tone

Yellow sunlight - sensory description and sight

Anaphoric - I heard, I saw

Rooted history - Norman churches - heritage site. Built by William Conqueror - Battle Hastings

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In Romney Marsh by John Davidson - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Autobiography

Walk in Romney Marsh - south corner of Kent and run into the sea at Dymchurch fro where they are separate from a seawall. At the time, Kent had extensive marshland which was drained for agriculture during 19th and 20th centuries

Beautiful place, marsh and sweeping views

Walks down and back up and remarks on everything he sees.

Sense of solace and appreciates the beauty.

Themes

Although the poem is a ballad telling a story, reads more as a lyrical poem evoking landscape

Came up and going down - suggests passage of time when the light on marshland changes from daylight to sunset

Compare to On Westminster Bridge or Adlestrop lyrical descriptions

Fascinated by unique qualities of light and sound on marsh as a detached observer

Little evidence of transcendent - which takes him out of himself into a new understanding of self in relation to his surroundings

New technology

wire in the wind - new tech can be integrated into the landscape

Similar to 'masts' of ships

Express train - in Adlestrop - steam hiss

Wordsworth - 'ships, towers, domes, temples'

Fanthorpe's First Flight - aircraft takes her outside 'Familiar England to alien landscape

Blake - suggests London's inhabitants are alienated from the natural world and by the corrupting influence of commerce and industrialisation - charter'd Thames and 'mind forged manacles' that destroy natural feelings of compassion

Afrika - amiable weeds with 'incipient Port Jackson tress. Weeds grow naturally in abandoned District while tres are an alien import by Whites, suybolising ugly social and political divisions.

Context

1857 - 1909

Poet, playwright, novelist

Inspired Romanticism - anti-industrial revolution - connection to nature - appreciating beauty nature

The Sublime - something managing to be beautiful and destructive simultaneously

Having difficult time - physical and mental - crippling financial difficulties - led to suicide 1909

1920 publication, 1909 died

South East of England

Specific time and specific walk

Form

lyric

landscape poem - painting poetic picture scene

rhythm - set ABAB

7 quatrain

Iambic tetrameter - rhythm and movement

Structure - as I went to down to Dimchurch wall and back

Sounds hearing - waves - movement and volume waves - tide goes back and forth - form representative.

# data[].attributes.body
When you're as multi-cultural as me,

your friends become wine connoisseurs, not drunks.

I'm not a British tourist in the sea;

I am an anthropologist in trunks.

Air of self satisfaction - Positions himself someone to aspire to

Multi-cultural - knows about lots of different cultures

Undermines his own statement - 'become' suggests change

Euphemism for drunk - drink a lot of wine - wine connoisseur which is respectable, drunk is not.

Declarative statements

Not - tourist in the sea

Subverts convention would expect postcard of people in the sea

Low frequency lexis - Low-frequency lexis refers to words or vocabulary items that are used less frequently in everyday language - anthropologist not used very often - study different societies and humans and way interact

Poking fun - irony -

he considering himself as a great studier of mankind whilst revealing himself to oblivious to himself and way he lives - peom about judgement.

Intellectual snobbery

Class snobbery

Travel available for people on low incomes

# data[].attributes.body
within a hundred miles. Nobody speaks

English (apart from me, and rest assured,

I'm not your sun-and-sangria-two-weeks-small-minded-package-philistine-abroad).

within a hundred miles - cliche

Nobody -

know all - all opinions are stated as facts (declaratives).

At the end of the line suggests loneliness rather than chosen solitude

English on the next line - emphasis

Rest assured - Who are they are assuring - like minded person at home or themselves

Long compound noun - so much longer even more of a rant

Sibilance - sun and sangria - creates a sense of pace - spitting dislike

savagely characterising those tourists as less authentic than them.

Irony - narrator suggesting people go on package holidays are small minded philistine - his view of the world is so narrow minded because he is so judgemental.

He - assumption - narrator man - constructed character.

# data[].attributes.body
This peaceful place untouched by man-

not like your seaside-town-consumer-hell.

Tonal shift - peaceful place - alliteration

Vague don't know where

Ironic statement - untouched by man - except your there - gap year behaviour.

Juxtapose their perception of a package holiday

hyperbolic negative images of other places spolied by mass tourism

Not - hyphens - compound noun as if this is one thing

Consumer - go and consume spend and take things in. Ironic - how did he get to the place he was in.

Emotive - like 'hell'

Faltering eloquence" describes a state where someone's ability to speak or write with fluency, grace, and persuasiveness is weakened or disrupted. - here unable to speak due to anger.

Sleeping in a local farmer's van

Her commitment to an alternative travel experience - which is humerous exaggeration of where eco-tourists choose to stay - yurts or communal dormitories

Its great

enjambment on the following line seems desperate as if anticipating a negative response.

There's not a guest house or hotel

Exaggerating isolation, carried over to the next stanza - within a hundred miles to emphasise isolation.

# data[].attributes.body
This place is not a holiday resort

with karaoke nights and pints of beer \for drunken tourist types - perish the thought

This place - doesn't reveal

negation - does not want to see it become a 'resort' - place created for mass tourism with entertainment

Resorts enable tourist to travel to other countries while enjoying familiar food and culture

Isolates them from local people and customs

Enjambment - spills across 3 lines creates ranting faced paced tone

Plosive Alliteration - tourtist types

Plosive sounds - K - karaoke, p - int, b -eer, d - drunken ttt- tourist types,

Forceful sounds as thought spitting out sounds

Caesura - hyphen - narrator - ugh.

Imperative sentence - perish the thought

old fashioned language - tells us about the class of the narrator

Wants to destroy this thought

Wants separate themselves from traditional stereotype of Brits abroad and singing Karaoke

Iambic pentameter - regular solid quatrains

Present - immediacy

1st person.

Alternating rhyming couplets

Colloquial language

Tone - ridicule, mockery

Repetition word - 'not' - pessimistic and cynical.

# data[].attributes.body
I do not wish that anyone were here.

declarative blunt tone

Negation - I do wish - subverts form of the postcard - 'wish you were here' - typical opening line.

Sets point of poem - narrator believes isolated the key to a successful holiday. Having people around him is unpleasant.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Postcard from a Travel Snob by Sophie Hannah - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Postcard - playing around with conventions and subverts form. Is an economical and simple - like a package holiday

Dramatic monologue

Iambic pentameter - rhthm and tone of someone telling us how it is with air confident authority.

4 quatrains

ABAB rhyme scheme

Not read in line with rhyme scheme due to the amount of enjambement and caesura - narrator on a rant that it spills over

Not even line to line, enjambment - impact and emphasis on 'within a hundred miles' spills over 2 stanzas represents the extent.

# data[].attributes.body
Sophie Hannah writer created a narrator. They are not the same person.

Born in Manchester in leafy vibrant West Didsbury in teh south of the city and went to Manchester Uni. Only when she moved to Cambridge as a junior fellow that she realise Machester only her formative years had been.

Insular youth and appreciation of life changing effects of travel led to ironic monologue. Taken from 1997 ' Hotels like Houses'

Narrator incredibly snooty and snobby - lording up down to earth real holiday while being critical of those on package holidays.

Making fun of people behaving that way.

Probably - male as there is a reference to someone being in the sea 'in trunks'

Context

Born 1971

British poet and crime novelist

1990s travel - shift change

Very expensive - people going to different places in the world had more money

90s travel easier - budget holidays still have today more popular. Travel more readily available for everyone

Gap year - travel - going away to far flung places that are deserted and having an authentic experience. Finding yourself - very pretentious

Themes

Class divide - hear tone narrator

Not place as such but social commentary

Target - eco--tourists who scorn mass market tourism whilst contributing to environmental and social impact of global travel.

Comparision

Blake's London - attitudes to social commentary

Fanathorpe's 'First flight - contrasting views to travel.

Look down those who go on a package holiday.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Postcard from a Travel Snob by Sophie Hannah - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.headline
5. Postcards from a Travel Snob by Sophie Hannah

# data[].attributes.subject
5. Postcards from a Travel Snob by Sophie Hannah

# data[].attributes.body
Ah, sweet mystery

Come to break the frozen lake in me

Shaking the foundations of the very trees within me

Come to let me know

That the earth is the earth is the earth.

Sweet mystery - mystery of the storm has helped her understand herself better. Imagines herself like the landscape to be changed by the storm.

Comes to break - intense - has deliberately come to me to help me.

Metaphor - imagining inside herself there was a frozen lake

reflections and depth. Inside her it was icy and cold feelings buried and couldn't connect to the culture.

Storm broken frozen lake

Shaking the foundations of the very trees within me - repetition of the earlier imagery - trees crashing down in the wind and showing their roots. Idea - all those thoughts locked away have been shaken free

Earth is the earth is the earth - doesn't matter if in UK or Caribbean - earth is a a single place even thought divided into different continents and countries, officially separate. All connected and doesn't have to feel disconnected - all part of the same thing = the world helping to overcome her feelings of alienation.

# data[].attributes.body
Oh why is my heart unchained?

Stanza in itself

Rhetorical question

Interjection - just as the Hurricane has disrupted normal weather patterns so it has disrupted her emotions.

Metaphor that suggests freedom - she feels set free from the old patterns of feeling 'heart unchained' by throwing herself into the spirit of the storm allowing it to take her where it will.

Point in the poem - turning point suddenly realising is free and is ok and is perturbing in a world I wasn't comfortable before

Tropical Oya of the Weather

I am aligning myself to you

I am following the movement of your winds

I am riding the mystery of your storm

Oya - direct address.

I am - anaphora

Present continuous tense in all verbs 'am aligning, am following, am riding' - very immediate in the moment - metaphors in sync with storm

Riding - journey mentioned - storm is journeying from place to place and she is with it. Connection between her and the storm

# data[].attributes.body
What is the meaning of trees

Falling heavy as whales

Their crusted rots

Their crated graves

Similie - testament to the overwhelming force of wind

Continues sea imagery 'heavy as whales

Roots are 'crusted'

# data[].attributes.body
The blinding illumination

Even as you short-

Circuit us

Into further darkness?

Literal - Lightning striking and electricity going out

Metaphor - 'blinding illumination' - can also be for knowledge which she is seeking understanding.

Metaphor - into further darkness - in darkness before.

Literal yes - power cut.

Lack of knowledge, but then confused even further.

Where do I fit.

Juxtaposition - illumination and darkness

Enjambment - Way set out with enjambment.

Compound noun - short-circuit is cut in half.

Deliberate like lights going out suddenly - line cut in half.

Shape - stanza shape - lines staggered represent motion lightning.

# data[].attributes.body
Tell me why you visit

An English coast

What is the meaning

Of old tongues

Reaping havoc

In new places?

Woman rhetorically asks the wind spirits why they have come all the way to England where they do not usually travel to cause such destruction

What are they trying to tell her.

# data[].attributes.body
Talk to me Huracan

Talk to me Oya

Talk to me Shango

Personification - shift from 3rd person to 1st person -becomes more personal and intimate - shift in persepctive - addressing the storm related to the Gods. Giving the storms a voice

Anaphoric structure - repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect - 'talk to me, talk to me...talk to me...'

Creates chant like/prayer like tone. Sense of desperation

Gods - Hurican - Caribbean representing her home. God of Hurricanes, Oya - God of wind, Shango - God of thunder and lightning. Tribal chant/prayer to these Gods of storms

Need to connect with her roots her home, heritage because she feels disconnected from where she is - the UK. Pleads with the spirits to 'Talk' to her, bring her a message from home.

And Hattie - hurricane Hattie in Guana in 1961 when she was a child hence 'back-home counsin'.

# data[].attributes.body
It too a hurricane, to bring her closer

To the landscape

...

The howling ship of the wind,

Its gathering rage,

Like some dark ancestral spectre.

Fearful and reassuring.

3rd person pronoun 'her' talking about herself - demonstrating a sense of distance.

Connection

Ability to feel connected with landscape with England

Enjambment - Her. to the landscape

It took a hurricane - suggests struggle to connect to the landscape - The woman's estrangement from her adopted country

The Howling - animalistic, zoomorphic onomatopoeia - metaphor

Gathering rage - personification - human emotion. Describing sounds hearing. Lying in bed listening to storm,

Ancestral spectre - imagines it being like some dark ancestral spectre - simile

anchestral meaing familiar or from the family, and

spectre means a ghost - Like some sort of ghost of her home.

Fearful and reassuring -

Oxymoron juxtaposition - reminding us of danger and power of the storm. As she has come from Ghana , will have something she will have experienced and so gives her comfort.

Conflict between power and fear and damage storm but also makes her feel connected to home

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hurricane Hits England, by Grace Nichols - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
Free verse - lot of irregularity

Parts of poem are 'shape' poems. Not entire but parts. As you illuminate us - almost looks like the lightening described.

Varied stanza and line lengths - uncontrolled - presents how she is town between the countries

Stanza on its own - one line

Third person - projects her own feelings about her Caribbean heritage onto a female persona

Remaining first person - giving teh owman's words as she prays to the spirits of the wind to give her their message, brought across the Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.body
iAutobiographical poem

Listens to the sound of a ferocious storm

Makes her think about her roots and own cultural identity and where she fits in.

Context

1950

From Guiana - North coast of South America

Emigrated to UK 1970s

Guyana has strong ties with the culture and history of the Caribbean region. Many of inhabitants are Afro-Guyanese descendants of African slaves.

Names of the Gods of Winds from Yoruba region of West Africa from where many slaves were transported.

1987 - UK great storm - actual storm. 1 in 200 years. Recorded up to 120 mph. Millions of trees were downed in teh southern England, extensive power outages and property damage.

Used to tropical storms and hurricanes

Themes

Place creating identity

Hurricane as a way of linker her two cultures - Guanese and British to find a way to reconcile herself to the exile from her homeland.

Compare to Alvi's Presents also considers identity and cultural heritage

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hurricane Hits England by Grace Nichols - Context and Form

# data[].attributes.body
And for that minute a blackbird sang

Close by, and round him, mistier,

Farther and farther, all the birds

Of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire

Adverbial -

'for that minute' draws attention to how quick/speedy that moment was, impact profound

Moment of joy - hears blackbird sing

Temporal reference will fade

Mistier - comparative adjective - suggests certain level of things being obscured or unclear.

All birds moving from small moment to something more profound - sky is filling

Emphasised through repetition 'farther and farther'

Hyperbole - how it feels = nature united in beautiful and glorious moment he has been gifted

Out into the neighbouring counties

By inference across rural England, which will be changed by War.

So powerful - 6 weeks before WWI. Know anxious about enlisted. Finding moments of peace to cope with world around.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
#fyp #english #gcse #gcses #studytips #studytok #alevels2024 #language #xyz #gcses2024 #revision #englishrevision #gcserevision #englishlanguage #aqa #mocks #examiner

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.embed_code
@steertosuccess
#fyp #english #gcse #gcses #studytips #studytok #alevels2024 #language #xyz #gcses2024 #revision #englishrevision #gcserevision #englishlanguage #aqa #mocks #examiner
♬ original sound - Steer to Success

# data[].attributes.body
What I saw

Was Adlestrop - only the name

And willows, willow-herb, and grass

And meadowswee, and haycocks dry,

Tells what he saw

Only the name - referencing the sign stayed in his mind.

Enjambment only the name And Willows

beautiful places all of these aspects of nature built into a semantic field - wild flowers, grass.

Carrying him from station to the countryside

Polysyndetic listing - commas and- nature being every present and vast and varied and beautiful.

Appreciating majestic beauty in nature

Making each feature of countryside distinct and special

Compare with Wordsworth's asyndetic listing view from the bridge

Plants

Willows trees probably growing around the station

Willow herb tall pink flower often found growing on cleared or burned ground along railway sidings

Sibilance - grass/meadowsweet/haycocks - meadowsweet creamy white flower grows among long meadow grass

Stillness and white flowers are likened to high, small 'cloudlets floating above him

Alliteration 'l' - Still/lonely/cloudlets' - slow the lines.

# data[].attributes.body
The steam hissed. Someone cleared his throat.

No one left and no one came.

On the bare platform.

Pause time

Sibilance (hissing or whispering sound)

creating vivid image allowing us to imagine silence being broken by subtle silence

Distinct and separate each sound is

Caesura - someone cleared his throat - sensory images from declarative sentences. Stressing the silence in this moment and sense of peace.

Focus on isolation

repetition of 'no-one'

Emphasises stillness and emptiness

Juxtaposition of coming and goings of people

Platform is bare - adjective - isolation and solitude but not a bad solitude.

World is unspoiled by man

Train station and a place of industry.

Influenced romantic poets previous century - against industrial revolution.

Train station - symbol of modernity but fact empty gives opportunity to take stock and appreciate world around him.

# data[].attributes.body
because one afternoon

Of heat the express-train drew up there

Unwontedly. It was late June

Caesura reinforces moment of stopping

One - adverb of time in particular

enjambment puts focus on 'of heat'

Quite oppressive in this moment- symbolic pressure and fear feeling around.

Adverb 'unwontedly' - unusually - surprise - moment of time that was gifted to him as they weren't meant to be there.

Ceasura - Unwontedly. It was - important date - 6 weeks before WWI

# data[].attributes.body
Adlestrop

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Texts that begin ‘in medias res’ - useful for language too! #gcserevision #poetry #gcse #english #gcses #gcse2024 #studytips #fyp #aninspectorcalls 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.embed_code
@steertosuccess
Texts that begin ‘in medias res’ - useful for language too! #gcserevision #poetry #gcse #english #gcses #gcse2024 #studytips #fyp #aninspectorcalls
♬ original sound - Steer to Success

# data[].attributes.body
Yes. I remember Adlestrop

Begin in media res - feels like someone has asked him a question - this is his answer

Intensity use word Yes- suggesting Adlestrop name, place or memory

Caesura - sense intensity by a pause

Declarative sentence almost qualifies what sentence is about.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Adlestrop by Edward Thomas - 5 Key Quotations!

# data[].attributes.body
4 quadtrains - (4 lines)

ABCB rhyme scheme - regular

Largely Iambic tetrameter

Doesn't stick to it perfectly where the stressed are broken - one line is unrhymed

Use of Caesura (a break between words within a metrical foot)

The name, because one afternoon

Enjambement between 2 stanzas

'The name, because one afternoon

Of heat the express-train drew up there'

Sounds like he is talking to us directly in a conversational tone with a long line.

# data[].attributes.body
Moment in time

Edward Thomas writer and narrator stops outside a train station in a place called Adlestrop, in Cotswolds unexpectedly, train wasn't meant to stop there

On journey Oxford to Gloucestershire to see his friend Robert Frost in Ledbury

Removed in 1966 - all traces disappeared

1 minute in time looks out of the window and remarks on what he sees

World of industry to nature

Glorious moment of peace as looks out across the land and observes what he sees and what he can hear - birds singing

Bids farewell to teh peace and tranquility of England that will be shattered forever.

Theme

Freezes a moment in Time and Place

Compared with On Westminster Bridge - looking at London in the early morning light - details urban landscape 'ships, towers domes', Thomas records rural features 'willow, willowherb and grass'

Intense emotional response triggered by unique moment in time in a unique place

Brownings Home Thoughts - also conveys this moment of unexpected joy where he is caught 'unaware'

Both poems are revelatory

Beauty of the scene before them and their response - sudden and unexpected.

Sense of wonder world around them.

Context - WWI

Born 1978 died 1917 in battle Arras- young

Autobiographical - moment indeed stopped - 24 June 1914

6 weeks before outbreak of WWI

War poet - Georgian poet - George V

Isn't about war, but Thomas didn't want to enlist

At the time of writing this poem, war hasn't broken out, everyone is mentally preparing

Used his poetry as a way of preparing him deal with his anxiety about the state of the world and war. Encouraged by his friend Robert Frost - American poet

Dies in battle - 1917 before this poem is published.

Wrote 1 novel, biographies and critical work.

Influenced Romantic poets/war poets

Characterised producing lyric poetry (moment/emotion)

Themes of nature and the countryside

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Adlestrop by Edward Thomas - Context and Form