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                              The history of newspapers

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                              The history of newspapers

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At the end of the XIX century the written press has took his development accelerate thanks to the dynamism of big papers

A newspaper is a periodic publication listing a number of events presented in the form of articles

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Newspapers after the invention of new media (radio, television, and the Internet)    

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Newspapers after the invention of new media (radio, television, and the Internet)    

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•Before 1950, the press was before any a communications tool massif. She was mainly used, in wartime to hold informed about what it took place in the countries of war, the advanced of the troops. Furthermore, in wartime, the print media was a propaganda tool to assert their ideas face to face enemy troops.

• In the 50s, newspapers contained articles that spoke of new information, but not only, the appearance of advertising has not stopped increasing ( it has multiplied by two since 2005 ). Economic boom of the " Glorious Thirties " ( 1950-1990 ) pushes society into mass consumption. Advertising knows since a strong development.

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Is a journalist or whriter who investigates and publishes reports that raise societal issues, often involving elected officiels political leaders and influential membres of business and industry.

Examples for muckrakers :
• Jacob Riis, author in 1890. He wrote how the other half livre, it's a shocking testimony.

•Upton Sinclair, author in 1905, he wrote The Jungle.
•and Mickael Moore, who is a documentary filmmaker

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• What is the first form of paper developed ? In which country ?

• Why are books hardly considered as mass media ?

• When was the printing press invented ? By who ?

• What is yellow journalism ?

• Thanks to whom did yellow journalism begin ?

• Since when has advertising been  going on ?

• By how much was  the appearance of ads multiplied since 2005 ?

• What is the name of the economic boom ?

• What is the term which designates overconsumption ?

• Why  was the press  used during the war and which was its purpose ?

• When  was  the NYT invented and by who ?

• What is the slognan of the NYT ?

• How does the written press adapt itself to the evolution of the other media?

• Which are the most important newspapers in the United States?

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The New York Times (NYT) was invented by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones in 1851.
In a corner of the front page, we always find the slogan of the newspaper: " All the news of that made to print "
The newspaper is a very important daily newspaper in the world. Indeed, in 1946, the newspaper introduces a section fashion. Then, The New York Times has an available web site in English, in Chinese and in Spanish

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Nowadays, the media are many to develop, in particular with the Internet and television. In spite of this considerable development, newspapers are still read. The main American newspapers are the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times and the USA Today : its are sold to more than a million copies.
Moreover, the written press adapted itself to the development. In fact, many newspapers create websites in which the readers can intervene. In this way they keep their influence on public opinion.

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The written press took its development in the United States only from 1950s. In fact, from this period, the number of printed newspapers increases by the fact that the press is read by more and more Americans. This development is also understandable by the improvement of technical means of production and distribution of newspapers. The written press begins then to play a role in the formation of the American public opinion.
Moreover, since the 1950s, after both world wars, the written press spreads no more propaganda articles and becomes more free. So, newspapers not only take more and more part in the affairs of the country but they also turn to the entertainment, in particular the New York Times. This freedom allows a bigger access to the press and the individuals can be influenced by articles.

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-The yellow journalism is a sort of journalism or of press which presents news. It put on news which take a fancy to people in order to sell better. It twisted the facts by examples by exaggerating.
-Originally, it to take one's name from the color of the paper used, in the past by newspaper practising this sort of journalism.
- The beginning of the Yellow journalism is attributed to William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. It's the beginning of the gutter press.
-"Yellow journalism" is nowadays used as a pejorative expression to denounce the journalism which deals with the news without professionalism.

-William Randolph Hearst, born in San Francisco on April  1863 and died to Beverly Hills on August 1951, is an American businessman and he was the greatest newspaper. Moreover he whose flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest story.
-Joseph Pulitzer born on April 1947 and died on october 1971. He introduced the techniques of Yellow journalism to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880's. He's a journalist American of Hungari an origin. He's the owner of the biggest American newspaper of the end of the 19 centuary, "The New York World"

By Jennie

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Printing press, a revolution in the world of communication !
A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press permit people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushered in the period of modernity.
The printing press and movable type was invented by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1456. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a complete printing system, which perfected the printing process through all of its stages by adapting existing technologies to the printing purposes. A usable printing system consisting  of a simple set of metal characters. The Bible was one of the first books printed.
Encouraged by a public eager for knowledge, the art of printing spread rapidly throughout Europe.
Within 50 years, more than 30 thousand different books were printed, primarily religious and Latin classics.
The invention of the printing press had a considerable impact on civilization.
Eventually, more popular subjects such as history, travel and romance appeared, written in native languages and traded on the open market.
In North America, the first book published was "The Whole Book of Psalms" in 1640 by Stephen Daye.
One of the most famous books was "Poor Richard's Almanac", published by Benjamin Franklin every year from 1733 to 1758.
For many years, the process of printing books changed little and production was generally slow. Only about 10 percent of the population could read, and books remained fairly expensive (see Culture of Consumption). But as literacy increased, more efficient techniques emerged to meet demand;
In 1798 in France, a machine that could handle a continuous roll of paper was developed. Steam power was added in 1811 in Germany, and an American invented a rotary press in 1846. Type had to be hand set until the linotype was created in 1884 in the U.S.
Faster printing methods and inexpensive paper led to cheaply produced books called"dime novels".

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Before the invention of the printing press 

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Before the invention of the printing press 

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The newspapers has been a part of our daily life for several centuries. They have been a way for the public to be informed of important events that are occurring around the world. Some of the earliest newspapers date back to Ancient Rome where important announcements were carved in stone tablets and placed in highly populated areas where citizens could be informed of the announcements. Books are the oldest of the media. Various forms of paper were developed over the centuries, with the first, papyrus,appearing in Egypt as early as 4000 B.C. The first known book was "The Book of the Dead", written in Egypt around 1400 B.C.
Then animal skins were later used, leading to the development of parchment, which became the primary medium for writing until the tenth century A.D.
However; the Chinese developed the technique in the ninth century using woodblocks. The oldest known printed book, called "The Diamond Sutra", was a 16-foot scroll printed in China in 868.
Before the invention of printing, each work was recopied by hand by monks, at the rate of three or four pages a day... The books were then extremely rare and expensive. Books were hardly considered a mass media because very few copies existed.