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1.you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure.

2.Assume a hospital has four people whose lives depend upon receiving organ transplants: a heart, lungs, a kidney, and a liver. If a healthy person wanders into the hospital, his organs could be harvested to save four lives at the expense of one life.

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Give TWO (2) examples of utilitarianism (situation) that are considered appropriate and relevant in the 21st century.

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Give TWO (2) examples of utilitarianism (situation) that are considered appropriate and relevant in the 21st century.

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1. A situation in the 21 century is that people can now ride planes of different classes such as first class and economy class which give them happiness and comfort as they pay more money for it.

2. Drugs or medicine that is made by doctors are known to cure patients although knowingly they might be side effects to the patient.

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1) One example of utilitarianism in business is the practice of having tiered pricing for a product or service to different types of customers. For example, the airline industry offers first class, business class and economy class seats on many of their airplanes.

2) For example, I'm the train conductor and the breaks on the train stop working. There's 2 railroad which I could switched to and the first railroad has 10 people laying down and the second railroad has 4 people laying down. As a train conductor I would choose the second railroad which would save 10 lives in expense of 4 lives

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1. If I make a promise to you and then act in such a way as to break it, my act has the feature of breaking a promise, and many people would claim my act was wrong because it has that feature.

2.For the utilitarian, whether breaking a promise is right or wrong depends entirely on the act's consequences.

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1.  Vaccination for infants are mandatory though there are some parents who does not agree with it.

2. If a friend is sick you can just stay at home and continue to do your normal routine but you take the trouble to go to the hospital and visit the person.

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1.An example of rule utilitarianism in business is tiered pricing for a product or service for different types of customers. In the airline industry, for example, many planes offer first, business, and economy.
2.An example of act utilitarianism could be when pharmaceutical companies release drugs that have been governmentally approved, but with known minor side effects because the drug is able to help more people than are bothered by the side effects. Act utilitarianism often demonstrates the concept that “the end justifies the means” or it's worth it.

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1. if you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure. If you enjoy chocolate but hate vanilla, you should choose chocolate for the pleasure it will bring and avoid vanilla because it will bring displeasure.
2. Actions are right if they promote happiness, and wrong if they promote unhappiness

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1.A daughter is in a coma and her family has to chose to pull the plug as she doesn't have to suffer anymore

2. Lina decides to go class as it makes her happy as it was on a topic that she likes.

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1. Suppose I am a train operator and I notice someone on a train track who I cannot alert of the oncoming train. If I divert the train, then many will die but if I don't then the one will die.

2. Justice, culture, and other concepts such as feelings and emotions are not taken into account by utilitarianism.

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Utilitarianism is a theory of moral philosophy that is based on the principle that an action is morally right if it produces a greater quantity of good or
happiness than any other possible action

For example, if I make a promise to you and then act in such a way as to break it, my act has the feature of breaking a promise, and many people would claim my act was wrong because it has that feature.

Creating an employee benefits program that pay employee tuition costs if employees study in majors
desirable to the organization.

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1.Lionel and he’s friends likes cars since childhood and their chooses to buy branded cars they liked the most which is Audi .
2.Yiew and She’s siblings likes to play badminton and her father send them to badminton academy team . Because badminton is their happiness and passion .

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1) Tiered pricing for a product or service for different types of customers is an example of rule utilitarianism in business. Many planes in the airline industry, for example, have first-, business-, and economy-class seating.

2) The doctor (a utilitarian) decides to use the patient's unconsciousness and the absence of other patients to administer the medication to her without her consent.

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1.if you are choosing Maldives trip for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the best place that will give you the most pleasure. If you enjoy Maldives but hate Bali , you should choose Maldives for the pleasure it will bring and avoid Bali because it will bring displeasure.

2. Choosing a dress which is satisfying and also makes happy whenever we wear or even look at it and that’s how our favourite clothes are made up

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1. Every teacher should approach their lessons with a utilitarian mindset. In utilitarianism, the interests of the people are prioritised. This says that the teacher will go further than just a teaching process to ensure that the majority of the students are academically successful.

2.Pricing stages for a product or service for several consumer groups are an example of rule utilitarianism in business. For instance, there are several first, business, and economy-class seats aboard flights in the airline company.

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utilitarianism is if a person do any action which are useful and make themselves happy. This utilitarianism is mostly like is a person's goal

Example:

1. Harish likes to become a software engineer and he entered in APU university to study IT degree.

2. Malaysian Government execute to develop more public transportation facilities to decrease heavy traffuc in Klang Valley

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•Suppose I am a train operator and I notice
someone on a train track who I cannot
alert of the oncoming train. If I divert the
train, then many will die but if I don't then
the one will die.

•You can also see utilitarian thinking in the
hospital scenario, where one healthy backpacker is butchered to provide organs for ten other patients

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(012022070649)

1. For the example, utility give priority to health care workers, those providing key services and others who are necessary to provide essential benefits to others.

2. in order to get better estimates of true mortality, utilitarianism support random population testing to see the incidence of COVID‐19 in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic community members.

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- if you want to buy a clothes , you will buy the type of clothes that you will like
- if you pay for the first class seat in airplane , you will get better benefits for that

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1. During pandemic time most of the students prefer joining online classes then going physical classes.

2. Most of the students in the lecturer hall prefer the Aircond temperature higher compared to other students because the hall is colder.

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1. The doctor (a utilitarian) decides to take the opportunity, while the patient is unconscious and while there are no other patients around, to administer the medication to her, without her consent.

2. In its political philosophy, utilitarianism bases the authority of government and the sanctity of individual rights upon their utility, thus providing an alternative to theories of natural law, natural rights, or social contract.

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1. If I’m about to buy a candy. I’ll buy the candy flavor that will satisfy me.

2. I ordered something a black color watch but when the watch arrived it came in another color and I the seller didn’t reply my text after.

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If a doctor can save five people from death by killing one healthy person and using that person’s organs for life-saving transplants, then act utilitarianism implies that the doctor should kill the one person to save five.

If a judge can prevent riots that will cause many deaths only by convicting an innocent person of a crime and imposing a severe punishment on that person, act utilitarianism implies that the judge should convict and punish the innocent person.

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PREMDEEP KAUR (012022071361)

Actions are right or wrong based upon whether they produce happiness or unhappiness.
Examples:
1.) if you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure. If you enjoy chocolate but hate vanilla, you should choose chocolate for the pleasure it will bring and avoid vanilla because it will bring displeasure.

2.) belief that dropping the atomic bomb on Japan was a good idea since it potentially saved more lives than it lost.

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1. If you have a healthy body and passed away would you rather all your healthy organs be donated to a single person who requires all of them, or five individuals who require one healthy organ each.

2. Concert tickets can vary on the amount you pay for, if you bought VIP tickets they’ll cost more, but you’ll be able to enjoy the show to a greater extent. Having different pricing on different seats allows everyone to enjoy the concert in their own ways, for those who can’t afford to get VIP seats can always get the regular seats at a cheaper price.

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1. Nowadays teenagers more prefer to play video game comparing to outdoor activities due to prefer stay at home and not socialise themselves .

2. During the pandemic time most of the people more prefer to do online shopping because of the covid situation.

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1.During the pandemic,students choose to learn virtually than going physically.
2.Many people prefer other fruits than durian as they dont like the smell.

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012022070857
She’s a good person has 4 kids,neighbours love her and she helps lots of people.

If you’re choosing chocolate for yourself,the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavour that will give you the most pleasure.

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SHALINI NAIR A/P SIVASANGARA NAIR(012022071291)

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SHALINI NAIR A/P SIVASANGARA NAIR(012022071291)

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Creating an employee benefits program that pays employee tution cost if employee study in major desirable to the organization

Regressive taxes that tax the wealthy more heavily than the poor enable more service or support to be offered to more people

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1.If you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure.
2.For example, assume a hospital has four people whose lives depend upon receiving organ transplants: a heart, lungs, a kidney, and a liver. If a healthy person wanders into the hospital, his organs could be harvested to save four lives at the expense of one life. This would arguably produce the greatest good for the greatest number. But few would consider it an acceptable course of action, let alone the most ethical one.

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1) Most people prefers going for shopping rather than going to the park for a jog.

2) Majority of children loves milk chocolate rather than white chocolate.

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1. If a person is given a book as a birthday present and when they are done reading it, a friend asks to borrow it. The person does not want to lend out their book because they do not want it to be damaged, but they also do not want to be rude to their friend.Act utilitarianism would therefore dictate that the person should lend the book, because the overall utility would be higher in such a situation.
2. If there's a person borrows umbrella form their roommate because outside is raining, but when returning home, the realize they have lost the umbrella. The next time it rains, their roommate asks if they have seen the umbrella. The person could respond either with the truth, revealing they are responsible for losing the umbrella, or with a lie, such as claiming they threw it away because they noticed it was broken.act utilitarianism might say that the person should lie in this case. However, this guidance would not necessarily fit with people's intuitive views about the immorality of lying.

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1. In these 21 century most modern generation like teenager girls and boys are feeling depression and loneliest due had no one to talk with it or don't have any one to trust to talk about their problems with it .

2.  We can't trust anybody and is hard to trust someone in these 21 century  because you never known who is talking bad about you behind your back or backstabbing you or even bully you.

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1. Creating an employee benefits program that pays employee tuition costs if employees study in majors desirable to the organization.
2. If you’re choosing clothes for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the color that will give you pleasure. If you love blue shirt  hate green , you should choose blue shirt for the happiness it will bring and avoid green shirt cause it will bring  unhappinesses.

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1. Customers who fly in first or business class pay much more than those who fly in economy, but they also enjoy additional amenities. However, the higher rates paid for business or first class tickets serve to reduce the cost burden placed on the airline by making room for economy class seats. This is an example of rule utilitarianism.

2. For example, if you are selecting ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian viewpoint holds that you should select the flavour that would provide you with the greatest pleasure. If you like chocolate but dislike vanilla, you should select chocolate for the pleasure it will provide and avoid vanilla for the displeasure it will bring.

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For action:
Health Ministry Department have noticed on citizen's health status and it were so disasterous. So, they provided weight management kits, supplements and meal plan as a drastic and proactive action to the citizen to control and maintain their weight stable during the lockdown.

For amount:
Execution of the recycling would keep the enviroment clean and fresh but not only that it would put the people in the happy state.

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1.Majority of people loves to go for a shopping rather than going to park to jog.
2.There is alot of flavour choices in ice cream . The utilitarian view is that you should the the flavour which makes you satisfy.

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1)If im going to buy a shoe,I will see the colour of the shoe which will satisfy me.

2)When something I expect never happen,it will dissatisfy me

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1. Other thinkers see desires or preferences as the basis of value; whatever a person desires is valuable to that person. If desires conflict, then the things most strongly preferred are identified as good.

2. For an example, when people go on trip, some of them may prefer to go alone or with their family and friends but both bring happiness

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1. In the Corporate Workplace

Most companies have a formal or informal code of ethics, which is shaped by their corporate culture, values, and regional laws. Today, having a formalized code of business ethics is more important than ever.

2. Covid-19 pandemic

In Covid-19 pandemic,one rule of thumb likely to maximize utility would be to give priority to health care workers, those providing key services and others who are necessary to provide essential benefits to others.

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1.  Most people like to use public transport rather than driving.
2.Most people like to listen pop music rather than classical music

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1. For example, let's say you have one wool coat and the weather is extremely cold outside. You will want to wear that coat to keep you from freezing. Because at that moment, it gives you the most pleasure.

2. Even though Chinese medicine have side effects, people still prefer to take them to relieve pain and other diseases

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Meaning : Proposes that an action is right if it produces the most utilities known as benefits for all persons affected by the action including the persons performing the act.

Example:

(a) Pharmaceutical company releasing drugs that has been governmentally with known side effects because the drug is able to help more people than are bothered by the minor side effects.

(b) During the Covid-19 pandemic, doctors and nurses would give more priority to the younger patients instead of the older ones due to having a lot of patients who’s effected with covid in the hospital since most of the hospitals are lack of hospital bed itself.

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1. 3 patients need organ transplants. Patient A, who has a treatable illness and is a possible donor for the other patients, is on the next ward. According to utilitarianism, a physician might let Patient A pass away so that their organs could be utilised to save the lives of the other 3 patients.

2. The dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan was a good idea since it might have saved more lives than it had cost.

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Utilitarianism

A healthy man who might die from a brain cancer in a week can provide his organs for other living patients in need

Everyone obeys the rules in public transport,like queuing up before entering,no littering,and not bring food or drinks ,which makes the public transport a less stressful journey for everyone

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1. When it comes to cake, the utilitarian viewpoint holds that you should select the flavour that will provide you the most satisfaction.

2. Pricing levels for a product or service for many types of clients

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JEEVALLOSHINI (012022020695)                                                   A person may harm others not only by his or her actions, but also through inaction, and in any instance, he or she is justly liable to them for the harm.

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JEEVALLOSHINI (012022020695)                                                   A person may harm others not only by his or her actions, but also through inaction, and in any instance, he or she is justly liable to them for the harm.

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If you enjoy chocolate but hate vanilla, you should choose chocolate for the pleasure it will bring and avoid vanilla because it will bring displeasure.

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Chok Jun Keat    012022070534                                                      1. A utilitarian system seeks to create societal happiness without specifying what should be pleasurable. Therefore, a utilitarian perspective on higher education presupposes that institutions of higher learning must be primarily outward-looking and responsive to their customers. 

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Chok Jun Keat    012022070534                                                      1. A utilitarian system seeks to create societal happiness without specifying what should be pleasurable. Therefore, a utilitarian perspective on higher education presupposes that institutions of higher learning must be primarily outward-looking and responsive to their customers. 

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2.Customers who fly in first or business class pay a much higher rate than those in economy seats, but they also get more amenities—simultaneously, people who cannot afford upper-class seats benefit from the economy rates.

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1.  Lending the book would risk a small amount of pain if the book were damaged but would lead to a lot of happiness for the friend who got to read it, so overall it would have positive utility.

2. For example, if you could sacrifice your life to save the lives of several other people then, other things being equal, according to utilitarianism, you ought to do so.