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W E L C O M E ! WHILE YOU ARE HERE, TAKE TIME TO READ AND COMPREHEND WHAT'S AHEAD FOR YOU. PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE THIS ISLAND WITHOUT TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN AND DISCOVER. DON'T FORGET TO HAVE FUN! THANKING YOU IN ANTICIPATION!!!

-Jeffy

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Phrases and clauses are the building blocks of sentences.

Phrases are group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as a sentence. The words in a phrase act together so that the phrase itself functions as a single part of speech. For example, phrases can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. If you understand how different types of phrases function, you can avoid misplacing them or leaving them dangling in sentences.

Clauses are group of words that have a subject and a predicate.

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A phrase begins with a preposition. Ends with a noun or pronoun, can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a noun. Every prepositional phrase is a series of words consisting of a preposition and its object.

EXAMPLES:
1. She was hiding under the table.
2. She lost her ring at the beach.

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VERB PHRASE starts with a verb. The part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

EXAMPLES:
1. The player ran after the ball.
2. The man was texting on his phone.

INFINITIVE PHRASE
An infinitive phrase is composed of of an infinitive verb and any modifying adverbs or prepositional phrase. It has three functions: noun; adjective; adverb.

EXAMPLES:
1. I will lock the door to prevent theft.
2. Jeffy needs a table to read on.

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A GERUND PHRASE is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root +ing (a present participle). A whole gerund phrase functions in a sentence just like a noun, and can act as a subject, an object, or a predicate nominative.

EXAMPLES:
1. I love writing with a pen.
2. His dancing was truly terrible.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the participle.

EXAMPLES:
1.Students planning to study engineering must first meet with the dean.
2. The car moved slowly on the road clogged with traffic.

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A DEPENDENT CLAUSE is a group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a complete thought so it is not a sentence and can't stand alone. These clauses include adverb clauses, adjective clauses and noun clauses.

EXAMPLES:
1. Because I cannot go to the concert, you can have my ticket.
2. When the airplane lands, we will get of it.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. It expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. It can also be joined to other dependent or independent clauses to make a more interesting and complex sentence.

EXAMPLES:
1. Griffin cooked dinner when he got home from work.
2. Francis plans to buy the shoes after he saves his allowance.

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An ADJECTIVE CLAUSE is a dependent clause that, like an adjective, modifies a noun or pronoun. An adjective clause begin with words such as that, when, where, who, whom, whose, which, and why.

EXAMPLE:
1. The boy whom I met yesterday has come today.

ADVERB CLAUSE is a dependent clause that modifies the main verb in the independent clause. Adverbial clauses always start with a subordinating conjunction and must connect to an independent clause to make sense. An adverb clause also begins with a subordinating conjunction, such as "after," "if," "because" and "although."

EXAMPLES:
1.If you pay your bills on time, you can have a good credit score.
2. Because he loved her, he didn't believe she was having an affair.

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The NOUN CLAUSE is a clause that functions like a noun in the sentence. Remember that a noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns can function as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, object of the preposition, and predicate nominatives.

EXAMPLES:

1. Please tell me who left his shoes on the floor.
2.  Whoever is the last one to leave turns off the lights.