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Find an igneous rock outside (or ask me for one). Determine the name of the rock it is and how it is formed. Then write a paragraph using google docs to describe how that particular rock was formed from a volcano.

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Use the link below to listen to sounds created by an earthquake and try to record your own version of earthquake sounds using Audacity or Garageband.

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Compiled by Karl V. Steinbrugge

This collection of 21 earthquake-related sounds, prepared by Karl V. Steinbrugge, was originally published in BSSA vol. 64, no. 5 in 1974 and updated with eight additional sounds in 1985. The collection was sold by the Society for many years, first as an audio cassette tape and later as a compact disc. SSA is now making it available for free in the form of digital audio files in MP3 format.

You can listen to individual sounds below by clicking the play button in the audio player next to the recording number.

To download MP3 audio files of all the sounds as a Zip archive (which also includes a PDF of the data on this page) [Zip Archive; 56.2 MB].

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This collection of 21 earthquake-related sounds, prepared by Karl V. Steinbrugge, was originally published in BSSA vol. 64, no. 5 in 1974 and updated with eight additional sounds in 1985. The collection was sold by the Society for many years, first as an audio cassette tape and later as a compact disc.

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Create a model of seafloor spreading using the link below. Write a paragraph that explains how seafloor spreading works using google docs. Use at least 5 vocabulary words.

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In this experiment, you're going to model what happens when the ocean floor spreads.

Create a model of the spreading sea floor.

Cardboard cylindrical container

White 8 ½ x 11 in. piece of paper

Ruler

Colored pencils

Pencil

Tape

Scissors

1. Take a cardboard, cylinder-shaped container (such as a Quaker Oats container) and cut a vertical slit about 3 ½ inches long and ¼ inch wide down the side. The slit is your mid-ocean ridge, the place where the plates are moving away from each other.

2. Cut a piece of white paper in half lengthwise.

3. On each piece of paper, measure two inches in from the end and fold the paper so that there is a section on each end to hold onto.

4. Measure inward another two inches from the fold, and color in that two-inch wide strip.

5. Continue to measure in two-inch segments, coloring every other section.

6. Place the unfolded ends of the paper into the slit in the container. Holding them by the folds, pull the pieces of paper out again. If you imagine that the slit is the midocean ridge where the plates are moving away from each other, the paper is the new liquid rock coming out from the ridge. The first bit of paper to come out is the oldest rock, and the last section of paper to come out is the youngest. Imagine that your paper goes on forever. Soon, the first bit you took out of the hole will be far away from the midocean ridge. Of course, "soon" in geological time is a very long time in human terms!

7. Take your pieces of paper and tape the ends that aren't folded to the pencil.

8. Put the pencil inside of the container and pull the ends of the pieces of paper up through the slit.

9. Twist the pencil one way, and the papers will move out and away from each other. This is what happens at a divergent plate boundary on the mid-ocean ridges.

10. Twist the pencil the other way, and the papers will move in and toward each other. This is what happens at a convergent plate boundary. Imagine what would happen if those papers had bumps on them. They'd get all bunched together at the hole, and create mountains.

How does seafloor spreading work? Imagine that you're baking a really delicious chocolate cake. After some time in the oven, the top of the crust begins to crack and the pieces of the cake's top move away from each other. Unfortunately, you've made the batter a little too wet, and the cake underneath is not yet cooked. As the top pieces of the cake crack and move away from each other, the gooey underside of the cake moves up into the crack, pushing the pieces of the cake's top crust away from each other.

The hard crust of the cake is the lithosphere. Underneath the hard part of the earth is the asthenosphere, the gooey liquid rock that sits underneath the hard outer crust. Sea floor spreading happens at places where plates are moving away from each other and where the liquid rock from the asthenosphere can come up to the lithosphere. In the places where the plates are moving apart, magma (liquid rock) moves up into the cracks and solidifies, making a new ocean floor, just like cake batter would ooze up through the cracks.

One intriguing thing about the rock that comes from seafloor spreading is that it shows the history of the Earth. For example, every million years the Earth's magnetic poles tend to reverse 4 or 5 times. South becomes north and north becomes south. The rocks on the seafloor show the history of the magnetic changes in the earth. They are magnetized according to wherever the pole was at the time the rock formed and cooled on the sea floor. This allows scientists to understand the magnetic history of the earth and the history of these rocks. You illustrated this magnetic shift when you colored in every other two-inch section.

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Seafloor Spreading Model | Science project | Education.com

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In this experiment, you're going to model what happens when the ocean floor spreads. Create a model of the spreading sea floor. Cardboard cylindrical container White 8 ½ x 11 in. piece of paper Ruler Colored pencils Pencil Tape Scissors Take a cardboard, cylinder-shaped container (such as a Quaker Oats container) and cut a vertical slit about 3 ½ inches long and ¼ inch wide down the side.

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Create a story, poem, or song on Evernote and share it with me.

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Interview a person who has been in an earthquake or someone who studies them using google meet and record your session. Then create a google doc and write a summary of the interview.

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Play the Stop Disasters game and choose the earthquake level. Improve the buildings to help prevent the earthquake from doing too much damage. Put the screenshot of your passed mission into a google doc and explain what you did to help save the town and why it helped.

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Create a fake blog post on edublogs explaining your experience in seeing a volcano and share the post with me.

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Use the list below and find 10 earthquakes from the list. Find their magnitude and the cost. Graph the magnitude vs. cost on a graph using google sheets.

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Disasters can be particularly notable for the high costs associated with responding to and recovering from them. This page lists the estimated economic costs of relatively recent disasters.

The costs of disasters vary considerably depending on a range of factors, such as the geographical location where they occur. When a large disaster occurs in a wealthy country, the financial damage may be large, but when a comparable disaster occurs in a poorer country, the actual financial damage may appear to be relatively small. This is in part due to the difficulty of measuring the financial damage in areas that lack insurance. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, with a death toll of over 230,000 people, cost a 'mere' $15 billion, whereas in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which 11 people died, the damages were six-fold.

Note: All damage figures are listed in billions of United States dollars.

1. ^ Kishore, Nishant; Marqués, Domingo; Mahmud, Ayesha; Kiang, Mathew V.; Rodriguez, Irmary; Fuller, Arlan; Ebner, Peggy; Sorensen, Cecilia; Racy, Fabio; Lemery, Jay; Maas, Leslie; Leaning, Jennifer; Irizarry, Rafael A.; Balsari, Satchit; Buckee, Caroline O. (29 May 2018). "Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria". New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (2): 162-170. doi:10.1056/nejmsa1803972. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 29809109.

2. ^ Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Santos, Indhira; Borde, Alexandre (2013). The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-19-984193-6.

3. Bibbee, A., et al. (2000), "Economic Effects of the 1999 Turkish Earthquakes: An Interim Report", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 247, OECD Publishing, Paris. ^ https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/233456804045

4. ^ International Disaster Database: Disaster List Archived September 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. 2010. Retrieved on August 6, 2010.

5. ^ Cavallo, Eduardo; Powell, Andrew; Becerra, Oscar (2010). "Estimating the Direct Economic Damages of the Earthquake in Haiti*". The Economic Journal. 120 (546): F298-F312. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02378.x.

6. ^ Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Hargitt, David; Hoyois, Philippe (2004). Thirty Years of Natural Disasters 1974-2003: The Numbers. Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. p. 42. ISBN 9782930344713.

7. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. ^ 1996 Pacific Typhoon Tropical Cyclone Report: Chapter 3. Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-01-07.

8. ^ Tuilevuka, Nacanieli. "$2.98 billion damage caused by TC Winston". Newswire. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.

9. ^ Camp, Vic. "How Volcanoes Work - the Nevado del Ruiz eruption". SDSU Department of Geological Sciences. San Diego State University.

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Disasters can be particularly notable for the high costs associated with responding to and recovering from them. This page lists the estimated economic costs of relatively recent disasters. The costs of disasters vary considerably depending on a range of factors, such as the geographical location where they occur.