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(Ema, Darina, Nesrin, Daria)

https://youtu.be/CRpCAg6mndU

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Reflection Video (Nay, Nathalie, Dacey) - Mockumentary Ver.

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Reflection Video (Nay, Nathalie, Dacey) - Mockumentary Ver.

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We wanted to make a satirical fake documentary that was true to us and our sense of humor. Apologies in advance for the tough watch. - A Bunch’a Pitches

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Our videos was a bit too big to post directly onto padlet so we posted it privately on YouTube and shared the link here. The video is a little longer than the requested 3 minutes, but we had a lot of fun making and think it's worth the watch. We hope you enjoy it!

~PR Putas (Fleur, Luna & Vivi)

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Reflection video - Jake, Marije, Queen, Edmea (Pitch Perfect)

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Reflection video - Jake, Marije, Queen, Edmea (Pitch Perfect)

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2. Not only do we care about pets but we especially would like older pets to be adopted. Every pet needs a home no matter how big or old it is, it can always be your friend.

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Charity: KIKA (Children cancer)

The Children Cancer Free Foundation has been working since 2002 on a 100% cure for childhood cancer.

Almost 600 children in the Netherlands get cancer every year. Currently, 81% of these children are cured.

Stunt: We organize an one day event for sick children who want to experience their passions and clear up their minds. We will make a youtube video out of this to not only make their days, but also create awareness and publicity for the company. Which hopefully leads to more donations. We will take the children to Efteling, the park of your dreams.

We will make a deal with efteling where we get a discount for the children, as our youtube video will also give them publicity, the tickets will go from 38 euros to 20, and there are 600 children, so 600 times 20 is 12.000. We will also manage to strike a deal for public transport.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mOd_qgBAd_BKf44gB_77Zq1q6Ap68v7_yhz2mFMM_PY/edit?usp=sharing

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Warm regards,
PR Putas (Fleur, Luna & Vivi) with help from moral support dog Ayla

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Nigerian villagers took Shell to court - The Super Mafia Bros. 

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Nigerian villagers took Shell to court - The Super Mafia Bros. 

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On 10 October 2004, Eric Dooh received an urgent call from one of his father's employees: the waterway surrounding their houses was running black with oil. Near the outskirts of Dooh's village of Goi, a pipeline built by Royal Dutch Shell in the 1960s carried oil from inland Nigeria to an offshore terminal where it would be barreled and exported around the world. Dooh suspected the pipeline had sprung a leak. He attempted to alert the pipeline operator, but both Shell and its Nigerian subsidiary had largely abandoned oil operations in Goi a decade earlier in response to local uprisings. On that day, Shell's community relations officer was unavailable, Dooh recalled. He reported the leak to a nearby police station instead.

It wasn't until the next day that officials climbed onboard a helicopter, ascended over Dooh's village situated on the banks of the Oroberekiri Creek in Nigeria's southern Niger Delta region, and confirmed what villagers already knew: oil was spreading and not letting up.

Later that day, the situation in Goi went from bad to worse. Oil spilled into a local farmer's house and connected with a cooking fire. The village, its oil-seeped creek and the surrounding mangrove forests erupted into flames.

On 12 October a team of investigators - made up of locals, government officials, and employees for Shell's Nigerian offshoot, Shell Petroleum Development Company - located the source of the leak: an 18-inch hole in an exposed portion of the pipeline. They temporarily plugged the split pipeline with wood chips and later sealed it with a clamp, but over the course of the three-day leak, the operators never shut off the flow of oil at its source. By then, more than 23,000 litres of oil had spilled and nearly 40 acres of mangrove forest had burned, poisoning the land and fishponds that were the lifeblood of the village.

Shell would later argue in court that locals brought the disaster upon themselves; the leak was the work of saboteurs, they claimed. Vandalism and theft are common in the region, but so too is old and abandoned pipeline infrastructure that's prone to leaks. Dooh and his father, Barizaa, who was the chief of their village, attested the oil spill was the result of a poorly maintained pipeline.

Two years dragged by before government agencies began clean-up efforts around Goi. "We were eating, drinking, breathing the oil," Dooh said. By 2010, six years after the initial leak, Goi was still too polluted to sustain its residents. The Nigerian government ordered them to abandon their homes and permanently evacuate Goi. By then, most of the villagers, including the Dooh family, had already moved away, scattered across nearby towns.

Today, the oil industry in Nigeria faces a reckoning with Shell at the helm. According to Amnesty International, the oil company has come under "unprecedented legal scrutiny" in recent years for its negligent and criminal practices in the Niger Delta. Several lawsuits are ongoing while others have culminated in courts ordering Shell to pay plaintiffs billions of dollars in damages. The mounting pressure has Shell considering a rapid departure from the region's oil market. In early August 2021, the company announced it would sell off all remaining onshore oilfields in Nigeria, citing challenges with community unrest, sabotage and a company-wide refocus on promoting green energy. But locals and lawyers see the move as Shell ducking its responsibility to clean up after itself. A court in March barred Shell from selling any more assets in Nigeria while the company appeals against a ruling in which it was found liable for a 2019 oil spill and ordered to pay affected communities nearly $2bn in damages.

"It is incomprehensible to imagine that if these spills and this level of pollution occurred in North America or Europe that it would be allowed to happen," said Mark Dummett, the director of Amnesty International's global issues programme.

Dooh and his neighbors were among the hundreds of thousands of Niger Delta residents who had suffered from spills in the half century after Shell discovered oil in the region. Dooh and his father set out to put an end to the industry's legacy of environmental pollution, corporate greed and human rights abuses. But seeking justice and compensation for their losses was not for the faint of heart. For one, they would be going up against a multibillion-dollar, multinational conglomerate with a team of experienced lawyers at their disposal. Then there was fear of arrest and reprisal. Government security forces provided security for oil companies and often responded violently to protests and uprisings against oil pollution. In 1995, the Nigerian government hanged nine environmental activists, who became known as the Ogoni Nine, named for the Indigenous Ogoni people, who spoke out against Shell's pollution.

Accountability was hard to come by. But Dooh and his family had lost everything: their village, their thriving chicken farm and bakery, their fishponds and livelihoods. They wanted Shell to pay.

In June 2005, less than a year after the leak in Goi, residents of another village about 90 miles west called Oruma reported seeing oil "bubble out of the ground". Over the course of 11 days, an estimated 63,600 litres of oil had spilled from a nearby Shell pipeline. Then in August 2007, in the village of Ikot Ada Udo, about 100,000 litres of oil leaked from an above-ground wellhead that was built by Shell in 1959 but never used for oil extraction, according to court records.

To barrister Chima Williams, an environmental and human rights lawyer in Benin City, the string of oil spills were not one-off accidents spread out over a few years, but the result of a larger pattern that he was intimately familiar with. As the executive director of the non-governmental organization Friends of the Earth Nigeria, Williams wanted to make a statement that would reverberate across the oil industry. He embarked on a search for the most polluted communities in the region, visiting more than 20 villages that had been devastated by recent oil spills.

Williams came across Eric and Barizaa Dooh, as well as three other farmers and fishermen from Oruma and Ikot Ada Udo. Their lives had been upended by a cycle of oil spills and inaction; Williams knew he had a strong legal argument to build four separate cases against the oil company. And so on 9 May 2008, lawyers hired by Friends of the Earth Nigeria and its Dutch sister organisation, Milieudefensie, sued Royal Dutch Shell and SPDC in the Netherlands.

It was a David versus Goliath battle: a group of Nigerian farmers and fishermen and an environmental rights NGO taking on one of the largest oil conglomerates in the world. The lawsuits were unprecedented; never before had a European court ruled over a corporate liability case in which the plaintiffs were foreigners and the incidents in question had happened overseas. But justice would not be swift; the court cases - fraught with complexity, appeals, obstruction and delaying tactics - would inch along for more than 13 years.

By 2009, Eric Dooh had taken over as lead plaintiff in their case after his father became ill. When he traveled to The Hague to testify in court, an event that drew global attention, Dooh said he felt like a celebrity. Before delivering his testimony, he became gripped with fear. "I have never experienced that before," Dooh recalled. "I had not even traveled by air, let alone talk[ed] in the midst of white, white, white, people who will be questioning you."

Shell, for its part, would not give in easily. The company employed well-honed stalling tactics. For the first few years of legal proceedings, Shell lawyers argued that a Dutch court had no legal standing to hear a case about incidents that happened in a foreign country. Then they said Shell was not responsible for the 2004 leak in Goi in the first place because they believed it was caused by local saboteurs. Investigators found soil had been dug up around the pipeline, possibly before the leak. The team of government officials and Shell representatives called to the scene noted in their initial report that oil leaked from a straight slice of the pipeline, indicating, they said, it had been sawed.

It is incomprehensible to imagine that if these spills and this level of pollution occurred in North America or Europe that it would be allowed to happen

Mark Dummett, the director of Amnesty International's global issues programme

Shell's legal team rejected allegations that the 40-year-old pipeline had not been properly maintained, but they refused to hand over evidence proving so, claiming it had been lost. Once they eventually did hand over the maintenance records, the documents were so heavily redacted they were illegible, according to Channa Samkalden, a lawyer representing Friends of the Earth and the plaintiffs. The delaying tactics continued. The courts ordered Shell to assemble a team of experts to travel to Goi and investigate the cause and impact of the oil spill. For two years, Shell delayed this process, citing security concerns in the Niger Delta, Williams said.

The strategy to draw out the court proceedings did far more than test the plaintiffs' patience and resolve. By the time the group of fishermen and farmers heard the court's verdict, three of the four original plaintiffs in the case, including Dooh's father, Barizaa, had died of either sickness or old age.

On Friday 29 January 2021, Dooh, Williams and a handful of environmental activists and journalists gathered in the event hall at the Visa Karena hotel in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. They connected by videofeed to a courtroom 4,000 miles away in The Hague, Netherlands, where three judges in black robes and white jabots prepared to deliver their long-awaited decisions.

Just before the judges read the verdicts, the internet connection in Port Harcourt cut out and the videofeed went blank. Dooh waited in silence until Samkalden, sitting in the Netherlands, called them to share the news.

In the case of Dooh v Shell, the Dutch Court found the Nigerian subsidiary SPDC liable for damages caused by the October 2004 oil spill. Shell's Dutch headquarters, however, were not held at fault. The court also ruled that SPDC acted unlawfully by not discontinuing the oil supply to the pipeline. The oil company was ordered to compensate Dooh for damages incurred from the spill and the fire, while also finding it liable in two other cases Williams and his team had brought.

Environmental and human rights activists hailed the verdicts as historic, landmark rulings that would help pave the way for victims of oil pollution around the world to seek justice and compensation from companies who have acted criminally for decades.

The dominos have since started falling against Shell. In February, the UK supreme court agreed to hear the cases of two other Niger Delta communities, Ogale and Bille, who are suing Royal Dutch Shell and SPDC for widespread environmental pollution. In August, more than 10 years after a Nigerian supreme court first ruled it must do so, Shell finally agreed to pay the Ejama-Ebubu people approximately $111m in compensation for oil spills that occurred in the 1970s.

"A global standard has been set that the oil companies will not only be held responsible for the destruction they cause to any of their host communities but will also be reprimanded and held to take steps not to further destroy the environment and source of livelihoods of citizens," Williams said to the press immediately after the court judgment was announced.

Dooh, today in his 50s, still visits Goi, now only skeletal remains of the once bustling village where he grew up. He can point out where the mangrove forest stood before it burned down in the 2004 fires, where his father kept his chicken flock, where an old shrine to crocodile deities once stood. At his fishponds, oil sheens still fray from the water's edge, dead fish float at the surface. In the village's one-room school, hip-tall weeds have cracked through the concrete floor. Moss, mold and mildew spread up the walls. Small plots of farmland have succumbed to the encroaching bush. At the village entrance, a rusted signpost reads, "Public Notice, PROHIBITION! Contaminated Area, Please Keep Off."

At the edge of the village, Dooh, wearing his signature green togokpéé, a chieftaincy dress, and his father's red cap, recalls that his grandfather was a celebrated palm wine tapper but that because of the oil pollution, there are hardly any raffia palm trees left to tap. The crocodiles too are all gone.

"It is like a museum for now," Dooh says of the village. Standing in a back room of his father's now dilapidated bakery, he laughs at the determination of a tree that has grown through the ceiling. When he receives his compensation from Shell, he plans to rebuild the bakery, establish a vocational school and provide jobs to his community.

"I will reinvent this place," he says. Dooh hopes to rebuild his father's legacy and pass on his prosperity to his daughter, Queen, who is studying accounting in school.

While the string of successful lawsuits has ushered in a wave of hope among Niger Delta residents, it remains unclear if real justice and change will be delivered. Seventeen years after the Goi oil spill and more than a year after The Hague ruled in Dooh's case, the legal teams continue to negotiate a compensation package for the plaintiffs. (Shell confirmed that negotiations are ongoing but declined to comment further on this case or their activities in Nigeria.)

"It feels very inappropriate to claim a victory like that, knowing that we left our clients without any relief until this very day," said Samkalden, the attorney helping represent Dooh. "The real difference needs to be that relief for victims of environmental abuses, human rights abuses abroad, can be obtained within, if not weeks or months, at least within a couple of years, but not like here: 15 years or so. It is kind of ridiculous."

Meanwhile, Dooh and other community leaders lament the passage of a new law that various experts say aims to attract domestic and foreign oil industry actors and make the Nigerian oil market less risky.

"That is another round of battle," Dooh said. "It is the global community that is advocating for green energy. Now you are inviting the world to this environment again for bigger industry for oil production. Is this part of the world the dumping ground? Are we not human beings?" Dooh asked.

This article was amended on 3 June 2022 to refer to Friends of the Earth Nigeria as an environmental rights NGO, rather than a human rights NGO, and to describe Milieudefensie as an organisation rather than a company.

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'We were eating, drinking, breathing the oil': the villagers who stood up to big oil - and won

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The fossil fuel industry faces a reckoning in the Niger Delta after disasters made it one of the most polluted places on the planet

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Shell pays $11M  for oil spills in Nigeria - Jake, Phương Anh

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Shell pays $11M  for oil spills in Nigeria - Jake, Phương Anh

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Royal Dutch Shell has agreed to pay around €95m (£80.4m/$111.6m) to communities in southern Nigeria over crude oil spills in 1970, lawyers involved in the case have said.

The decision is the latest involving Opec-member Nigeria's oil-producing south where communities have long fought legal battles over oil spills and environmental damage.

"The order for the payment of [$111m] to the claimants is for full and final satisfaction of the judgement," a local spokesman for Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria said on Wednesday.

Lucius Nwosa, a lawyer representing the Ejama-Ebubu community in Rivers state, confirmed the decision.

"They ran out of tricks and decided to come to terms," the lawyer said. "The decision is a vindication of the resoluteness of the community for justice."

The company said it maintained the spills were caused by third parties during Nigeria's 1967-70 civil war when much damage was done to oil pipelines and infrastructure.

"It is a confirmation of the issues we have raised about Shell's environmental devastation of Ogoni and the need for a proper remediation of the land," the MOSOP organisation for the local Ogoni people said in response.

After a 13-year legal battle, a Dutch court in January this year ordered Shell to compensate Nigerian farmers for spills that polluted much of their land in the Niger Delta.

The court ordered Shell to compensate three out of four farmers who lodged the case in 2008. The case has dragged on so long that two of the Nigerian farmers have died since it was first filed.

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Shell to pay $111m over decades-old oil spills in Nigeria

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Royal Dutch Shell has agreed to pay around €95m (£80.4m/$111.6m) to communities in southern Nigeria over crude oil spills in 1970, lawyers involved in the case have said. The decision is the latest involving Opec-member Nigeria's oil-producing south where communities have long fought legal battles over oil spills and environmental damage.

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https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2022/07/06/shell-and-its-profit-motives/

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Photo by Jethro Carullo on Unsplash
By Isha Gir
'TO HELL WITH SHELL'[1]- is what was written on a cardboard sign, by locals, who were against Shell's oil exploration in South Africa. If this does not explicitly demonstrate society's aversion towards corporations then what does. As Bakan stated in his 'The corporation', "Over the last 150 years the corporation has risen from relative obscurity to become the world's dominant economic institution." [2]It is undeniable that the notion of a corporation is becoming increasingly prominent in contemporary society. However, to what extent are corporations benefiting individuals? It appears that corporations do not necessarily serve society's needs. Shell was considered the top oil and gas company in the world, in 2021. This really justifies how important Shell is to the world

Despite Shell's attempts at their "significant contribution to the UK government's plans for a "green industrial revolution"[3]

We are not blind to Shell's ultimate aim: The profit motive. Over the years, it has been clear that Shell only cares about the profit market and not much has changed since.

Profit motive against the environment:

Let's look a bit at the profit motive against the environment. Over the years, Shell has repeatedly shown their lack of concern for the environment. This is shown through the 'Brent Spar' event. Brent Spar is an oil platform which is located in the North Atlantic. This was the first oil platform that Royal Dutch Shell wanted to dispose of. Shell considered disposing Brent Spar as an effective method of 'low cost disposal'. This corporation even gained approval from the UK government. However, Shell completely disregarded the negative environmental repercussions. Greenpeace stated that "In addition to crude oil, the giant piece of industrial garbage contained PCBs, heavy metals, and radioactive waste."[4] Hence if Shell proceeded with their plan, it would have caused such severe and detrimental impacts to species and land. Fortunately, "Greenpeace office heard about the planned disposal of the Brent Spar, and urged his colleagues to launch another campaign." And so "The Greenpeace activists seized the moment to extend the dumping ban to include installations such as the spar." . Some could argue that Greenpeace's campaign had somewhat deterred Royal Dutch Shell and so 'Brent Spar' was not disposed of. Despite Greenpeace's successful activism, the ulterior motive of Shell was to use a 'lost cost disposal' method and "Dumping [Brent Spar] in the sea could save the company about £8 billion". This reiterates Shell's monetary motive.

Once again, Shell portrays their profit motive and their failure to learn from corporate experiences, as we hear about South Africa blocking off Shell's oil exploitation.

A BBC news article, ' South Africa court blocks Shell's oil exploration'[5] stated that

a group of environmentalists in South Africa fear that "oil and gas along the country's eastern coastline... will harm marine life".[6] Local communities were fearful that Shell's actions (their seismic testing) would cause many sea creatures and wildlife to be in danger. Furthermore, Shell had been ignorant of the impacts that had been objected on locals, the article said that "Local communities, who were also represented in the case, said that their customary rights to the land and fishing had not been respected."[7] Not only were Shell ignorant to the environmental impacts but they also disregarded the impacts that the community would face as some benefitted from fishing as a source of income as well as a source of food. Both of these events had heavily impacted the environment in order to benefit Shell's economic standing.

Let's digress away from the environmental impacts that Shell has caused and look at a contemporary example. Shell were very recently caught out for still buying Russian oil, in the midst of the catastrophic situation in Ukraine. Shell had "purchased a cargo of Russian crude at a discounted price."[8] This incontrovertibly portrays Shell's profit motive, they insisted on acting, to better their company, over ethics and morality. Shell even admitted that "Exiting the Russia market is "a complex challenge," [9]and that Shell was indeed obliged to "defend its purchase of Russian Crude".[10]

Repeatedly, Shell has continued to commit certain actions at the corporate's best interest. This selfishness roots directly from the economic aspect.. It is evident that Shell, along with many other corporations, predominantly aim to benefit financially and disregard all external matters. It seems that corporations have not changed and they are still considered 'a fledging institution' [11]

[1] BBC news 2021, , South Africa court blocks Shell's oil exploration. Available: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-59809821.

[2] (Bakan, 2004)

[3] (Shell plc, no date) https://www.shell.co.uk/a-cleaner-energy-future/cleaner-power/wind.html

[11] Bakan, 2004, p.1

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Photo by Jethro Carullo on Unsplash By Isha Gir 'TO HELL WITH SHELL' [1]- is what was written on a cardboard sign, by locals, who were against Shell's oil exploration in South Africa. If this does not explicitly demonstrate society's aversion towards corporations then what does.

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Shell and Exxon's problem - Minh Anh & Nga My 

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Shell and Exxon's problem - Minh Anh & Nga My 

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/10/shell-exxon-gas-drilling-sets-off-earthquakes-wrecks-homes
Our answers for your questions: https://docs.google.com/document/d/11qjcbwNQksyfOYdAnVXT4u23c4hBRqbd0-lFi7nKLYI/edit?usp=sharing

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Shell and Exxon’s €5bn problem: gas drilling that sets off earthquakes and wrecks homes

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Groningen has been one of Europe’s richest gas-drilling sites for 30 years, but in that time thousands of buildings have been damaged by manmade earthquakes. Compensation claims could run into billions of euros, and might force a rethink of European energy security

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Shell and BP face “severe problems” after Unite announces strike — PR Putas

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Shell and BP face “severe problems” after Unite announces strike — PR Putas

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https://www.thenational.scot/news/23472504.shell-bp-facing-severe-problems-unite-announce-strike/

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The trade union Unite said 1300 workers will take part in two days of industrial action affecting multi-billion oil industry operators - including BP, Shell and EnQuest.

Unite general secretary, Sharon Graham, said: "Oil and gas companies are enjoying record windfall profits, and they can easily afford to give our members a decent pay rise.

"The 48-hour strike action will only be the start of the tsunami of industrial unrest if contractors and operators refuse to give our offshore members the better jobs, pay and conditions they deserve.

"The scale of corporate greed in the offshore sector has to be challenged, and it will be by Unite."

Unite recently confirmed that around 70 offshore workers employed by TotalEnergies on the Elgin Franklin and North Alwyn platforms - along with the Shetland Gas Plant - are being balloted on strike action, the ballots close on 5 May.

Unite has strike mandates at Petrofac BP covering around 100 members - however, no strike dates have been announced in relation to these disputes.

The union also said it had a further strike mandate at Worley Services UK Limited - involving 50 members - but action has been suspended while talks continue with the company.

READ MORE: Call for First Minister to announce fossil fuel production end date

John Boland, Unite industrial officer, added: "An army of 1300 workers will take part in the biggest offshore stoppage in a generation. The 48-hour strike action will cause severe problems for contractors and operators.

"We believe that due to the specialised nature of work our members undertake, offshore platforms will not be able to operate safely and efficiently without them.

"The strike action could halt production on dozens of platforms and bring them to a standstill."

Both EnQuest and Shell declined to comment when contacted.

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Striking oil and gas workers set to cause Shell and BP 'severe' problems

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The trade union Unite said 1300 workers will take part in two days of industrial action affecting multi-billion oil industry operators - including BP, Shell and EnQuest. Unite general secretary, Sharon Graham, said: "Oil and gas companies are enjoying record windfall profits, and they can easily afford to give our members a decent pay rise.

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Why is it good?
- They informed their customers of an important and very relevant topic.
- All information given is used to inform the customer truthfully and with care.
- They used words that are easy to understand even for non-native English speakers.

Are there similarities?
- We do not fully understand what we are comparing it to, so this question is difficult for us to answer.

Template?
- This press release holds very true to the standard template for a press release, in the sense that it start with a clear heading, a date and location, body paragraph, etc.

PR Putas Agency (Fleur, Luna Vivi)

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Relative of Queen's corgi pipped in Easter derby

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Relative of Queen's corgi pipped in Easter derby

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https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-65226163

by Daria

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Relative of Queen's corgi pipped in Easter derby

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The second annual corgi derby at Musselburgh Racecourse was won by late entrant Rodney.

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Taylor Swift and Joe Alwyn Break Up After Six Years of Dating

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Taylor Swift and Joe Alwyn Break Up After Six Years of Dating

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why this is news:
- announce the status of one of the best singers in the world at the moment
- Taylor Swift is known to be an excellent musician and one of her inspirations comes from her love story. People wonder if she will release an album in the near future
- Caught everyone's attention because Taylor is on tour and her recent songs were supposedly written about Joe
- Taylor has gone through a lot of failed love affairs and the public is curious what the reason she broke up with Joe.
The AA (Asian Angency) -  Phương Anh, Jake

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Taylor Swift and Joe Alwyn Break Up After Six Years of Dating

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The songstress and actor had been dating since 2016.

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The Sudan Situation (The Super Mafia Bros.)

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The Sudan Situation (The Super Mafia Bros.)

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Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead - BBC News

Why is this news:
- although the situation in Sudan was already quite tense, the recent clashes are significantly worse than what was already happening and it's affecting the country in a very negative way.
- just like the Russo-Ukrainian war is affecting Europe, the Sudan conflict is affecting neighbouring countries such as Chad and Ethiopia. Thus the Sudan war has an impact on the (North) African community.
- people, including World Food Programme employees (a UN body), have died and hundreds of people are injured.

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Zeinab Mohammed Salih and Emmanuel IgunzaBBC News, Khartoum & Nairobi

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Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead

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Clashes between the army and a notorious paramilitary force leave nearly 600 people injured.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65279818

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By Kathyrn Armstrong BBC News

Twelve days of demonstrations have been held against the Macron government's pension reforms since January.

French President Emmanuel Macron has signed into law his government's highly unpopular pension reforms, which raise the state pension age from 62 to 64.

It happened hours after France's top constitutional body cleared the change.

The Constitutional Council rejected opposition calls for a referendum - but it also struck out some aspects of the reforms, citing legal flaws.

Following the council's ruling, protesters set fires across Paris and 112 people were arrested.

Twelve days of demonstrations have been held against the reforms since January.

Unions have vowed to continue opposing the reforms, and called on workers across France to return to the streets on 1 May.

President Macron argues the reforms are essential to prevent the pension system collapsing. In March, the government used a special constitutional power to force through the changes without a vote.

He signed the reforms into law in the early hours of Saturday morning.

The Labour Minister Olivier Dussopt has said he expects the reforms to come into effect by the start of September.

After the Friday ruling of the Constitutional Court, trade unions made an unsuccessful last-ditch appeal to the president not to sign the pension-age increase into law.

The unions pointed out that six concessions that had been added to the reforms were rejected by the court, so what was already unfair was now "even more unbalanced".

Among the reforms struck down by the nine members of the Constitutional Council was a so-called "senior index" aimed at urging companies with more than 1,000 workers to take on employees over 55.

Mr Dussopt has vowed to improve the employment rates of those aged over 50 in an effort to ease concerns about the financial impacts of the raised retirement age.

The authorities had banned demonstrations in front of the Constitutional Council building in Paris until Saturday morning, but crowds of protesters had gathered nearby on Friday and the ruling was met with jeers.

Watch: Macron's pension reforms 'violent' says Paris protester

Some demonstrators chanted they would continue protesting until the changes were withdrawn.

Later, several fires were set across the city as riot police tried to contain the situation, sometimes using tear gas. A Paris police official said 112 people have been arrested.

Fires were also lit during demonstrations in Rennes and Nantes, while there were tense standoffs at times between protesters and police in Lyon.

Lucy, 21, was among the protesters who gathered outside the City Hall and told the BBC that she was disappointed "we don't have the power any more".

"Nobody is listening to us no matter how hard we are shouting," she added, vowing to keep on speaking out.

Lucy (left) and Raphaëlle (right) are among those who have been protesting against the pension reforms

Raphaëlle, also 21, said she had hoped there would be something in the council's ruling that would reflect the huge consensus there has been on the streets against the reforms.

Barriers were erected in the streets near the court and riot police were deployed in case of further, potentially violent protests.

Lucas, 27, said he was worried about the future and what Mr Macron intended for the rest of his presidency.

The left-wing Nupes political alliance was one of the groups that lodged an appeal with the court over the reforms and its leader, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, said the "fight" would continue.

"The Constitutional Council's decision shows that it is more attentive to the needs of the presidential monarchy than to those of the sovereign people," he said.

Marine Le Pen of the far-right National Rally, which had also appealed to the court, responded on social media that "the political fate of the pension reform is not sealed".

Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne tweeted on Friday that "tonight there is no winner, no loser".

While the court rejected an initial bid for a referendum on the reforms, it will decide next month on a further proposal for a national vote by the left.

French political analyst Antoine Bristielle told the BBC he did not think there would soon be an end to the protests that have taken place across France for the past three months.

"A lot of people were saying that the reforms would pass and that the Constitutional Court would not avoid it so it's not a surprise," he said.

"But I think we will see in the upcoming hours and at the weekend a lot of riots and strikes in the country because there are still 70% of the French population against the reform."

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France pension reforms: Macron signs pension age rise to 64 into law

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President Macron makes the unpopular reforms law despite widespread protests in Paris and other cities.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65258807

Why this is news?
- it informs people about a current event
- it's a big event which a lot of people are interested in getting information about.
- there is a lot of controversy around the author
- it garners interest due to the stories surrounding the author
- a lot of people will want to read the information this article gives

PR Putas Agency (Fleur, Luna, Vivi)

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"Max's commitment to preserving the integrity of my books is important to me, and I'm looking forward to being part of this new adaptation which will allow for a degree of depth and detail only afforded by a long-form television series," Rowling said in a statement.

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Harry Potter books to be made into new TV series

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"Max's commitment to preserving the integrity of my books is important to me, and I'm looking forward to being part of this new adaptation which will allow for a degree of depth and detail only afforded by a long-form television series," Rowling said in a statement.

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Why?
- Bad quality
- He’s eating
- No preparation whatsoever
- Bad Audio quality
- Distractions by touching his face
- His speech does not have any flow
- Camera falling
- Unprofessional
- Not proper settings

Desiree, Divika, Nathalie, Nasywa

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Bad elevator speech - YouTube

Dude is not looking at the camera. He sounds very uninterested. He doesn't show any confidence, and he mumbles. His story is not consistent enough; he names examples of his past experiences yet they are not fully connected to the pitch. He is searching for words. This is awful.

The Super Mafia Bros.
Matien, Liam, Bastiaan, Koen

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1io9kSWrPA

- Promoting himself without giving proper experience and evidence.
- Lacking of acknowledge towards the company.
- Lacking of certainty that he wants to work for the company.
Minh Anh, Nga My

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Hailey Bieber Sucks?!?! - NadaNada Agency

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Hailey Bieber Sucks?!?! - NadaNada Agency

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https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a43147547/selena-gomez-hailey-bieber-drama-timeline/

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kgtpl4Q5OY

Bad recording
Not maintaining eye contact
Not confident
Dressing down during the video
Uses his notes way too much
He doesn’t know much about the topic
Bad presentation design

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https://youtu.be/KLYwEd15rSg

Reasons why it's bad:
- There is too much background noise that is distracting and taking away from her main voice.
- She sounds highly insecure when speaking.
- She doesn't know the company she says 'I don't really know what you are looking for' which proves she did not do her research beforehand
-she is not well prepared, which causes her to say 'uhh' a lot.
- She is not excited about the specific company she literally says 'you were the first one that came up' which proves she is not specifically interested in their company.

PR Putas agency (Fleur, Luna, Vivi)

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https://youtu.be/sfCVQEVahhA

She is distracted
Too many hand movements
Not looking in the eye
Too many ‘uhm’ s
Not serious
Not selling herself
Not prepared
No structure
Doesn’t look professional
Too over the top

Xx - PR Pitch Perfect