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It is referred largely to trade in Goods in the nineteenth century.Trade flourished and markets expanded.
Eg.Cloth or wheat

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It is the migration of people is search of employment.Migration to America and Australia became the flow of labour .

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It is the movement of capital for short-term or long term investments over long distances.

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Capital flowed from financial centres like London to other centres. A global agricultural economy was established.

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Bonded labourer under a contract to work for an employer.

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Less willing people were ubducted to new places

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Railways,steamships and telegraphs were important inventions.

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These labourers have formed their communities in their new homes.

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In 19th century Britain, self-sufficiency meant lower living standards and social conflict. When the urban centres expanded and industries grew, demand for agricultural products went up. As a result, food grain prices went up. Government, under the influence of landed groups, restricted import of corn by formulating the ‘corn laws’.

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The ‘corn law’ was abolished, forced by the demands of industrialists and urban dwellers in the backdrop of rising food prices. As lands were left uncultivated, people migrated to cities.

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As industrialisation was rapid, consumption increased. Food was imported from outside. Russia, Eastern Europe, America and Australia began to grow more to supply to Britain.

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The British government built a network of irrigational canals to transform the semi-arid region to fertile agricultural lands to grow wheat and cotton.

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In the colonies, this expanding trade and closer relationship meant loss of freedoms and livelihoods.

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The meat industry benefitted with the invention of refrigerated ships. Meat could now reach Europe as frozen meat from Australia, New Zealand or America.

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The value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British that had a trade surplus which is used to balance its trade deficits. This surplus also shaped the amount and payment of ‘home charges’ like private remittances sent home by the British, interest payments on India’s external debt and pensions of British officials.